Indlela Yokukhetha Imishini Ekahle Yokubhula

Imishini yokubhula hlukanisa okusanhlamvu namakhoba noma utshani. Le mishini isebenza ngokusika nokuqoqa izitshalo, bese izibhula ngokubhula amabele. Izinhlamvu ezihlukanisiwe zihlungwa futhi zihlanzwe kusetshenziswa izikrini ngenkathi amakhoba nezitshani zikhishwa.

Eminingi yale mishini yokubhula iyatholakala emakethe kubakhiqizi abahlukene. Imishini inamakhono ahlukene futhi inezici ezihlukene okwenza kube nzima ukuthola imishini efanelekile ongayithenga.

Lesi sihloko sizogqamisa ukubuka konke kwemakethe, izinhlobo zemishini yokubhula, nezici okufanele zicatshangelwe lapho kuthengwa le mishini.

Okuqukethwe
Ukubuka konke kwemakethe yemishini yokubhula yomhlaba
Izinhlobo zemishini yokubhula
Indlela yokukhetha imishini efanelekile yokubhula
Isifinyezo

Ukubuka konke kwemakethe yemishini yokubhula yomhlaba

Ngokuvumelana ne Idatha ye-Intero, imakethe yemishini yokubhula kulindeleke ukuthi ikhule ngenani lokukhula elihlanganisiwe lonyaka (CAGR) 5.5% kusukela ngo-2022 kuya ku-2030. Ukukhula kubangelwa ukwanda kwesidingo sokudla okusanhlamvu okudliwa abantu abakhulayo. Kukhona ukuqwashisa emhlabeni wonke mayelana nezinzuzo zokubandakanya imishini yokubhula kwezolimo.

Ukwengeza, intuthuko yezobuchwepheshe kanye nokukhuphuka kwemali engenayo etholakalayo emazweni asathuthuka kuzoba nomthelela ekukhuleni.

Ingxenye yokubhula ummbila izokhula ku-CAGR ye 6% ngesikhathi sokubikezela. Isifunda sase-Asia-Pacific besibusa imakethe yokubhula ngesabelo esingaphezulu 40% ngo-2019. Le ndawo kulindeleke ukuthi ibuse ngesikhathi sokubikezela ngokukhula kwesidingo se imishini yokulima.

I-China ne-India zizohola imakethe yesifunda ngenxa yokwanda kwabantu kanye nezinhlelo ezivuna uhulumeni kanye noxhaso lapho kuthengwa imishini yokubhula.

Izinhlobo zemishini yokubhula

1. Imishini yokubhula engenalutho

Imishini yokubhula engenalutho isebenzisa amasilinda ajikelezayo noma izigubhu ezifakwe ama-flail ukuze zihlukanise izinhlamvu kusuka ezinhlangeni. Inikwe amandla yi-chain drive noma ibhande, isigubhu siyazungeza kuyilapho ama-flail eshaya izitshalo ukuze aphule okusanhlamvu otshanini.

Izinhlamvu ezihlukanisiwe ziyaqoqwa futhi zihanjiswe ohlelweni lokuhlunga nokuhlanza, kuyilapho amakhoba notshani kukhishwa emshinini. Asetshenziselwa imisebenzi yasemapulazini amancane ukucubungula amanani amancane okusanhlamvu njengama-oats, ukolweni, irayisi, nebhali.

2. Imishini yokubhula i-straw walker

Ama-straw walker threshers asebenzisa uchungechunge lwama-straw walkers noma ama-shakers ukuze ahlukanise okusanhlamvu kusuka ku-straw. Okusanhlamvu notshani kufakwa emshinini futhi kuqala kubhulwa ngabashayi bezigubhu ukuze bahlukanise okusanhlamvu notshani.

Amakhoba notshani kuhanjiswa phezulu emshinini ukuze kwehliselwe ochungechungeni lwabahamba ngotshani. Kuleli qophelo, izisefo ezinyakazayo noma izikrini zinyakazisa amakhoba notshani ukuze kuwele izinhlamvu ezisindayo futhi ziqoqwe. Nakuba ziyinkimbinkimbi futhi zikhudlwana kunezibhulayo ze-flail, ziphinde zisetshenziswe ekulimeni okuncane ezitshalweni ezifana ne-rye, oats, ukolweni, kanye ne-oats.

3. Umshini wokubhula ojikelezayo

Imishini yokubhula ejikelezayo ube ne-rotor noma isilinda esijikelezayo ukuze uhlukanise okusanhlamvu kusuka kuma-straws. Njengoba izitshalo zifakwa emishinini, ziqale zibhulwe ngesibhubhu noma isigubhu ukuze kuhlukaniswe okusanhlamvu notshani. Ngemva kwalokho, okusanhlamvu notshani kududulelwa ku-rotor ngamazinyo noma izinhlu zezikhonkwane ezizungeza ngesivinini esikhulu ukuze zihlukanise okusanhlamvu kotshani ngokuqhubekayo.

Okusanhlamvu okuhlukanisiwe kuyaqoqwa futhi kuhanjiswe ohlelweni lokuhlanza nokuhlunga njengoba utshani namakhoba kukhishwa emshinini. Le mishini isetshenziswa kwezolimo zanamuhla ukuphatha izinhlobo eziningi zezitshalo ezifana nommbila, ukolweni, nama-oats. Bayingxenye ye hlanganisa abavuni ukuvuna nokubhula ngokusebenza okukodwa.

4. Umshini wokubhula isilinda wezinyo le-spike

Isilinda sezinyo le-spike ababhulayo sebenzisa amasilinda ajikelezayo anamazinyo noma izikhonkwane ukuze uhlukanise okusanhlamvu otshanini. Izitshalo ziphakelwa emshinini kanye neshede ngesishayi noma isigubhu ukuhlukanisa okusanhlamvu notshani. Lokhu okusanhlamvu notshani kufakwa kusilinda samazinyo e-spike esiphendukayo ukuze kuhlukanise okusanhlamvu notshani ngokuqhubekayo.

Ngenkathi okusanhlamvu okuhlukanisiwe kuqoqwa, kuhlanzwa, futhi kuhlungwa, utshani namakhoba kuyakhishwa emshinini. Imvamisa ayanensa futhi ayisebenzi kahle ngakho-ke asetshenziswa ekulimeni kwezinga elincane okusanhlamvu okufana nebhali, i-oats, nommbila.

5. Umshini wokubhula nge-wire-loop

Imishini yokubhula iluphu isebenzisa amasilinda ajikelezayo anamaluphu ocingo ahlukanisa okusanhlamvu notshani. Izitshalo ziphakelwa emshinini futhi zibhulwe ngesibhubhu noma isigubhu ukuze kuhlukaniswe okusanhlamvu otshanini. Lokhu okusanhlamvu kufakwa kusilinda se-wire-loop enemigqa yezintambo ezijikelezayo eziphinde zihlukanise okusanhlamvu notshani.

Okusanhlamvu kuyaqoqwa, kuhlanzwe, futhi kuhlungwe njengoba kukhishwa amakhoba notshani emshinini. Le mishini iphatha izitshalo ezahlukahlukene njengebhali, i-oats, nommbila. Ziyimishini esheshayo futhi esebenza kahle esetshenziswa ekulimeni kwezinga elincane nakwezentengiso.

Indlela yokukhetha imishini efanelekile yokubhula

1. Uhlobo lwezitshalo

Izinhlobo zezitshalo ezivunwayo nezibhulwayo zinquma uhlobo lomshini osetshenziswayo. Izitshalo ezahlukahlukene zinezici ezihlukile, njengosayizi wokusanhlamvu, ezithinta ukwakheka nokusebenza kwemishini yokubhula. Isibonelo, hlanganisa abavuni, abavuni, ababhulayo, nabasile njengomshini owodwa. Bagaya okusanhlamvu okuncane njengebhali, ukolweni, nama-oats.

Imishini yokubhula ummbila yenzelwe kuphela ukwehlukanisa izikhwebu nezikhwebu. Ababhulayo belayisi bahlukanisa izinhlamvu zelayisi ezihlahleni. Futhi, ababhulayo befilakisi bavula ama-polls ukuze bahlukanise imbewu ohlangeni. Abathengi kufanele bazi ukuthi ukusebenzisa uhlobo olungalungile lwemishini yokubhula kungalimaza okusanhlamvu.

2. Amandla

Amandla we izinto zokubhula inquma inani lokusanhlamvu okufanele licutshungulwe ngesikhathi esinikeziwe. Cishe ababhulayo bangakwazi ukucubungula nxazonke 100-300 amakhilogremu lokusanhlamvu ngehora. Ababhulayo abanganyakazi bacubungula 500-5,000 amakhilogremu lokusanhlamvu ngehora.

Ukwengeza, inhlanganisela yokuvuna ingakwazi ukubhula nxazonke 3,000-20,000 amakhilogremu lokusanhlamvu ngehora. Umthamo uyahlukahluka kuye ngohlobo lwesitshalo, umswakama, kanye nolwazi lwabasebenzisi. Abathengi kufanele bathwebule yonke le mininingwane lapho bekhetha umshini wokubhula ukuze baqinisekise ukuthi ufanelekile ohlelweni lwezolimo.

3. Umthombo wamandla

Ukukhethwa kwemishini yokubhula kuncike emthonjeni wamandla otholakala endaweni yokubhula. Izibhulo eziqhutshwa ngesandla zinikwa amandla ngezinyawo noma ngesandla futhi zifanele imisebenzi yokulima okuncane. Imishini yokubhula kagesi isebenzisa ugesi, okwenza isebenze kahle njengoba ishesha futhi inomthamo ophakeme. Kukhona ama-thresher asebenza ngogandaganda alungele ukulima ngezinga elikhulu.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, ama-thresher anamandla enjini anenjini yangaphakathi evuthayo elungele izindawo ezingenawo ogandaganda noma ugesi. Ngokuvamile zinamandla, nakuba zidinga uphethiloli nokunakekelwa njalo. Abathengi kufanele bacabangele ukutholakala nokuthembeka kwemithombo yamandla lapho bethola ababhulayo.

I-4. Izindleko

Uma kucatshangelwa izindleko, ababhulayo bangakhethwa kuye ngezinto ezifana nezitshalo ezibhulwayo, isikali sokusebenza kwezolimo, kanye nesabelomali esibekwe abathengi sokutshalwa kwezimali. Izindleko nazo zingahluka kuye ngohlobo lwemishini namandla. Ngokwesilinganiso, ukubhula ngezikali ezincane kubandakanya imishini yokubhula eyenziwa ngesandla ebiza yonke indawo US$50–300.

Emishinini yokubhula emaphakathi, amathesha afakwe ngogandaganda abiza phakathi US $2,000 kanye 5,000. Ngaphezu kwalokho, imisebenzi yokulima ngezinga elikhulu ingase idinge imishini ebiza kakhulu njengezivuni ezihlanganisayo, izindleko zazo zihluka phakathi US $100,000 kanye 500,000. Abathengi kufanele futhi bacabangele izindleko zokukhanda nezokulungisa lapho bethola ababhulayo.

5. Indlela yokubhula

Uhlobo lwezitshalo kanye nesilinganiso semisebenzi yokulima kunquma indlela yokubhula esetshenziswayo. Ababhula izigubhu basebenzisa izigubhu eziphendukayo ezixhunywe ngezikhonkwane noma izinsimbi ezihlukanisa okusanhlamvu notshani. Zifanele izitshalo ezinjengokolweni, irayisi, nebhali lapho kwenziwa imisebenzi emikhulu. Imishini yokubhula isilinda wezinyo lespike isebenzisa amasilinda anamazinyo noma izikhonkwane ezihlukanisa okusanhlamvu njengama-oats nokolweni osuka etshanini.

Ama-Axial flow thresher asebenzisa ama-rotor nama-concave systems ukucubungula izitshalo njengommbila. Abathengi kufanele bacabangele izidingo ezithile zezitshalo abahlose ukuzibhula ukuze bakhethe umshini wokubhula ofanele.

6. Ukuphatha okusanhlamvu

Abathengi kufanele futhi bacabangele ukuthi okusanhlamvu kuzophathwa kanjani ngemva kokubhula lapho kuthengwa ababhulayo. Hlanganisa abavuni bangavuna, babhule, futhi bahlukanise okusanhlamvu otshanini ngokusebenza okukodwa. Kanjalo, alungele imisebenzi yokubhula ngezinga elikhulu okusanhlamvu okunjengommbila nobhontshisi wesoya.

Abavuni be-strippre banama-beaters asusa imbewu emakhanda abo bese betshala amaqabunga. Ngokuvamile asetshenziswa ezitshalweni ezifana ukotini nobhekilanga. Eminye imishini ibhula izitshalo futhi ihlanze imfucumfucu. Ngokuvamile, izidingo zemisebenzi ethile yokubhula, njengezidingo zokuphatha okusanhlamvu ngemva kokubhulwa, zinquma uhlobo lomshini osetshenzisiwe.

Isifinyezo

Ukucabangela ngokucophelela lezi zici ezingenhla kuzosiza abathengi lapho bekhetha umshini ofanele wokubhula izitshalo. Banezinketho ezihlukahlukene zokubhula kuye ngezinhloso kanye nezidingo zokugcina zemisebenzi yokubhula yasepulazini.

Ngemva kokuhlola ngokucophelela nesabelomali esifanele, abathengi bangathola imishini yokubhula yekhwalithi ephezulu Chovm.com.