Ungakhetha Kanjani Isisetshenziswa Esiphelele Sokupholisa

Ukusebenzisa imishini yokupholisa efanele kwandisa ukunemba kwenqubo yokukhiqiza kanye nesivinini. Futhi, lawa ma-chiller anganciphisa izindleko eziphelele kanye nokusetshenziswa kwamanzi. Ukwehluleka ukuthola okokusebenza okubandayo okufanelekile kusho ukuthi imiphumela ngeke ibe njengoba bekulindelekile, futhi intengo ingase ibe phezulu kakhulu. Njengoba kunalawa ma-chiller amaningi emakethe, kubalulekile ukuqoqa lonke ulwazi oludingekayo ngaphambi kokuthenga. 

Lesi sihloko sizobheka izinhlobo ezahlukene ze imishini yokupholisa etholakalayo nokuthi ungakhetha kanjani ama-chillers aphelele. Ukwengeza, izoxoxa ngesabelo semakethe yemishini ebandayo, usayizi, nokukhula okulindelekile. 

Okuqukethwe
Uhlolojikelele lwemakethe yemishini ebandayo
Izinhlobo zemishini yokuphola
Indlela yokukhetha imishini yokupholisa ephelele
Isifinyezo

Uhlolojikelele lwemakethe yemishini ebandayo 

Imakethe yemishini ebandayo yomhlaba wonke ihlukaniswa ngokuya ngohlobo, imboni esetshenziswa ekugcineni, kanye nesifunda. Kubikezelwa ukuthi izokhula ngenxa yesidingo sezimboni ezimbalwa ezisetshenziswa ekugcineni. Ngokuvamile, isidingo sama-chiller sikhulile ngenxa yezinzuzo zabo kanye nokuncintisana okunempilo okudalwe abakhiqizi abakhulu. Abanye balaba bakhiqizi bahlanganisa iDaikin Industries, Trane Technology, ne-KKT Chillers. 

Ucwaningo lwezimakethe nezimakethe kulinganiselwa ukuthi usayizi wemakethe yemishini ebandayo yomhlaba wonke ku I-USD 4.1 ibhiliyoni ngo-2021. Bekulindeleke ukuthi ifinyelele I-USD 4.8 billion ngo-2026, kubhaliswa i-CAGR ye 3.0%. Amandla aqhuba lokhu kukhula wukuvuselelwa kwezimboni ezinkulu ezisetshenziswa ekugcineni ngalesi sikhathi sokubikezela.

Ngo-2020, ingxenye ye-scroll chillers yayibusa imakethe yemishini ebandayo ngesabelo esingaphezu kuka-40.0%. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi skrola ama-chillers kuphole usebenzisa amanzi noketshezi lokudlulisa ukushisa, okuwenza asebenze kahle. 

Ngokwesifunda, i Asia Pacific Imakethe ibusa imakethe ye-chiller yomhlaba wonke ngenxa yokwanda kokutholwa ku India, China, Futhi Southeast Asia. 

Izinhlobo zemishini yokuphola 

1. Ukumuncwa komhwamuko

Imishini yokumuncwa umhwamuko (VAM) ikhiqiza amanzi abandayo isebenzisa imithombo yokushisa njengamanzi ashisayo, isitimu, uwoyela, negesi. Isiqandisi esisetshenziswa kakhulu yi ammonia. Ekupholiseni ukumuncwa, kusetshenziswa izimiso ezintathu:

– Uketshezi luyashiselwa ukubilisa noma ukuhwamuka, futhi igesi iyapholiswa ukuze ijiye.

– Uma ingcindezi yehliswa ngaphezu koketshezi, iphoyinti layo elibilayo liyancipha.

- Ngesikhathi sokupholisa, ukushisa kuyasuka endaweni efudumele kuya ezindaweni ezipholile.

2. Ukucindezelwa komhwamuko

In imishini yokupholisa umhwamuko, umjikelezo uqukethe izingxenye ezine: i-condenser, i-compressor, i-evaporator, kanye ne-valve yokwandisa/i-throttle. Le nqubo yokucindezela ihlose ukuphakamisa ukucindezela kwesiqandisi (R-717) njengoba igeleza isuka ku-evaporator. Isiqandisi esinomfutho ophezulu wegazi sihamba ngesishintshi sokushisa/icondenser ngaphambi kokuthola ukucindezela kokuqala futhi sigeleze sibuyele ku-evaporator.

Inqubo yokupholisa ihlanganisa:

- Ukucindezela: Izinga lokushisa nokucindezela kwesiqandisi kuyaphakanyiswa.

– Ukujiya: Ukushisa kudluliselwa kusuka esiqandisini kuye ekugelezeni kwamanzi.

- I-throttling nokwandisa: Isiqandisi siyakhula ku-valve edonsayo ukuze ikhulule ingcindezi futhi yehlise izinga lokushisa.

– Ukuhwamuka: Isiqandisi siyahwamuka futhi sibambe ukushisa okucashile kokuhwamuka.

Indlela yokukhetha imishini yokupholisa ephelele 

1. Ubukhulu

Usayizi olungile we-chiller ubalulekile njengoba inquma izinga layo lokusebenza. Kuvame ukuba nezinkinga lapho usebenzisa ama-chillers amancane. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi azikwazi ukupholisa kahle izingxenye zenqubo, futhi izinga lokushisa lamanzi lingase lingazinzi. 

Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ama-chiller amakhulu kakhulu awakwazi ukusebenza emazingeni awo asebenza kahle kakhulu futhi ngokuvamile kubiza ukuwasebenzisa nokuyinakekela. Abathengi bakhetha usayizi ofanelekile ngokucabangela izinga lokugeleza kanye nenani lokushisa impahla yenqubo enomthelela endaweni yokupholisa. Izibandisi ezijwayelekile zokuskrola noma ngezikulufi zingasukela Amathani ayi-30 kuye kwangama-85.

2. Izici zokusebenza

Izici zokusebenza, amaleveli okukhiqiza, nesikhathi kuyacatshangelwa lapho kukhethwa amathuluzi okupholisa. Usayizi we-chiller unquma ukusebenza kwayo namandla okupholisa. Amanye ama-chiller aneminyango ehlukahlukene ezimele epholile enikeza ukuguquguquka okuthuthukisiwe, ukuguquguquka, nokusebenza kahle. 

Futhi, ama-chiller amaningi aklanyelwe ukupholisa izinto ngokushesha. Abathengi bangakhetha ukuthola ama-chiller amakhulu ukuze avumelane nezinguquko kumthamo wokupholisa. Kufanele bakhethe okokupholisa ngokususelwe kumaqoqo ezinto abahlose ukuzipholisa. 

3. Amandla okupholisa

Umthamo wokupholisa we-chiller ukala ikhono lesistimu lokususa ukushisa. Ngokuvamile, amayunithi e-SI omthamo wokupholisa ama-watts (W), amathani esiqandisi (RT), noma ama-British Thermal Units ngehora (BTU/hr). Umthamo wokupholisa wemishini yokupholisa iyehla ngezinga lokushisa elibekiwe. 

I-setpoint ephansi isho umehluko omncane wokushisa phakathi koketshezi olubandayo nesiqandisi. Kulesi simo, ukudluliswa kokushisa okungasebenzi kahle kuzonciphisa umthamo wokupholisa. Abathengi kufanele bahlale behlola imininingwane yomkhiqizi esho umthamo wokupholisa kumazinga okushisa athile. Isibonelo, ukupholisa ku-40 GPM kusuka ku-70 kuya ku-58 degrees Fahrenheit kudinga ukupholisa okungamathani angu-25. 

I-4. Izindleko

Izinto ezimbalwa zithinta intengo yama-chiller, okuhlanganisa imodeli, amandla, ukunemba kokulawula izinga lokushisa, isevisi yangemva kokuthengisa, umthamo wokupholisa, nezinye izinhlaka zobuchwepheshe. Ngenxa yalokho, abathengi kufanele bakhethe ngokucophelela ama-chiller ngokusekelwe ezidingweni zabo zangempela zokukhiqiza. 

Ukukhetha ama-chiller ekhwalithi ephansi nashibhile kungase kubangele ukunemba okuphansi kanye nokudumazeka okunembayo. I-chiller yekhwalithi enhle inokunemba okudingekayo kokuzungezile I-0.1 degrees Celsius. Ama-chiller adume kakhulu anentengo yokuqala cishe I-USD 1.000. 

5. Indawo yokusebenza

Abathengi kufanele bazi izimo zesayithi lapho ama-chiller abahlose ukuwathola azosebenza khona. Kanjalo, bazokhetha imikhiqizo efanele elingana nemigqa yabo yokukhiqiza. Ngokuyinhloko, izithiyo zendawo kanye nezinga lokushisa le-ambient yizimo ezibaluleke kakhulu okufanele zicatshangelwe. Amasistimu okupholisa asebenzisa izinga lokushisa lomoya/lesiqandisi elizungezile ukuze afake ukuhanjiswa kokushisa ngenqubo yokufingqa. 

Isibonelo, ukukhuphuka kwezinga lokushisa lomoya ozungezile kunciphisa ukuhluka kwezinga lokushisa, kunciphisa ukugeleza kokushisa okuphelele. Uma kucatshangelwa izingqinamba zendawo, kubalulekile ukugcina izinga lokushisa elifanele le-ambient. Lokhu kufezwa ngokuhlinzeka ngendawo yomoya eyanele yokuzungeza izinto ezibandayo. 

6. Inqubo yokupholisa izinga lokushisa

Ngokuvamile, amandla okupholisa okokusebenza okubandayo athintwa ngokuqondile izinga lokushisa elilinganayo. Ngamanye amazwi, izinga lokushisa lapho i-chiller isethwe khona amandla ayo okupholisa aphelele. Kulesi simo, ukwehla kwezinga lokushisa kwandisa umthwalo ohlelweni lokubandayo, kanti ukwanda kwezinga lokushisa kunciphisa umthwalo ohlelweni lwesiqandisi. 

Ngokuvamile, izinga lokushisa elidingekayo ohlelweni lwamanzi abandayo yilo 6 kuya ku-12 degrees Celsius or 5 kuya ku-11 degrees Celsius ngokuhluka kwezinga lokushisa kwamadigri ayisithupha. 

7. Uketshezi oluzosetshenziswa

Lapho kukhethwa uketshezi oluzosetshenziswa ohlelweni lokupholisa, abathengi kufanele bacabangele ukuhambisana kwayo nezinto zokusebenza kanye nokusebenza kwazo. Uketshezi olusetshenziswa kakhulu luhlanganisa amanzi, amafutha ancibilikayo emanzini, Futhi amafutha. Ukusebenza kwazo kusekelwe kakhulu ezakhiweni ezithile ezingeni lokushisa elithile. Izingxenye zifaka i-viscosity, ukushisa okuthile, kanye namaphoyinti abilayo kanye nokubanda. Ngokuhambisana kwemishini, izinto ezisetshenziswayo kanye noketshezi olusetshenziswayo kufanele kuhambisane ukuze kuvinjelwe izingozi zokugqwala kanye nokuwohloka kwezimpawu ngaphambi kwesikhathi.  

8. Isiqandisi

Isiqandisi siyinhlanganisela yamakhemikhali esebenza ngomgomo oyisisekelo wokushintsha kwesigaba kusuka oketshezini oluwuketshezi kuya kwegesi futhi ubuyele kuketshezi kanye nokucindezelwa phakathi nomjikelezo wesiqandisi. Amafriji amaningana asetshenziswa ezindaweni ezibandayo ezihlukene ngokusekelwe emazingeni azo okushisa amisiwe. Isiqandisi esisetshenziswa kakhulu yi i-ammonia (R717) okungamakhemikhali angenayo i-halogen. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi inezinga eliphezulu kakhulu lokumunca ukushisa, okuyenza ifaneleke ukusetshenziswa ngamanani amancane, aphathekayo. Ezinye iziqandisi zihlanganisa amanzi, R134 HFC, R744 CO2, R404A, njll 

Isifinyezo

Imishini yokukhiqiza ikhiqiza ukushisa okukhulu ngesikhathi sokusebenza ngenxa ye-automation eyinkimbinkimbi ukuze kuzuzwe ukunemba okuphezulu nesivinini. Ngakho-ke, imishini idinga izinhlelo zokupholisa ukuze zisebenze kahle nangempumelelo. Abathengi badinga ukuqonda izimo kanye nenqubo lapho okokusebenza okubandayo kuzosetshenziswa khona. Umhlahlandlela ongenhla uveza izici ezidingeka kakhulu ezinhlotsheni ezahlukahlukene zamasistimu okupholisa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuze uthole amathuluzi wokupholisa asezingeni eliphezulu, vakashela Chovm.com.