Indlela Yokukhetha Imishini Yokuluka Efanelekayo

Imishini yokuluka isetshenziswe iminyaka ukuluka izindwangu. Izimpahla eziningi esizigqokayo zenziwe ngemishini yokuluka. Eminingi yale mishini yokuluka iyatholakala emakethe njengamanje futhi inamakhono ahlukene. Ngaphambi kokunquma ngemishini yokuluka ozofaka kuyo imali yakho, kuwukuhlakanipha ukwazi izinhlobo ezahlukene ezikhona namandla azo. 

Kulesi sihloko, sizogxila endleleni yokukhetha imishini yokuluka efanele kanye nesabelo semakethe sale mishini. Futhi, sizoxoxa ngezinhlobo ezahlukene zemishini yokuluka etholakalayo emakethe kanye nobuhle nobubi bayo. 

Okuqukethwe
Uhlolojikelele emakethe imishini ukunitha
Isakhiwo semishini yokuluka
Izinhlobo zemishini yokuluka
Indlela yokukhetha imishini yokuluka efanele
Isiphetho

Uhlolojikelele emakethe imishini ukunitha 

Ukunitha kwamazwe ngamazwe imishini imakethe ihlukaniswe ngezinhlobo zemishini, izinhlobo ezihlanganisiwe, izinhlelo zokusebenza, kanye nezwe. Uma kucatshangelwa izinhlobo zemishini, zihlanganisa nemishini yokuluka yezimboni ye-warp neye-weft. Izinhlobo ezehlukene zokuluka zenziwa ngemishini yokuluka yezimboni eyodwa futhi ehlanganiswe kabili. Ezinye zezinto ezisetshenziswayo zokuluka zihlanganisa izindwangu zezokwelapha, izindwangu zasekhaya nezefenisha, nezindwangu zezimoto nezokuthutha. 

Ngokuvumelana ne Iqiniso.MR, imakethe yemishini yokuluka yomhlaba wonke njengamanje inenani lama-USD 1.26 billion. Kulindeleke ukuthi inwebeke futhi ifinyelele ku-USD 1.78 billion ngo-2032, emele izinga lokukhula elihlanganisiwe lonyaka (CAGR) lika-3.5% ngesikhathi sokubikezela. Ukukhula kwesidingo kuqhutshwa ukwanda kokusetshenziswa kwemishini yokuluka eyindilinga ekhiqiza izindwangu zekhwalithi ngesivinini esikhulu. 

Ngokwesifunda, iYurophu yenza ingxenye yemakethe engama-24.1% ngenxa yesidingo sezindwangu zasendaweni kanye nokwamukelwa ngokushesha kobuchwepheshe obuphambili embonini yokuluka. INyakatho Melika inikela cishe ngo-21.9% ekuqhubeni imakethe yemishini yokuluka yezimboni ngenxa yokwanda kwedolobha kanye nokuba khona kwabakhiqizi bemishini yokuluka ebalulekile. 

Isakhiwo semishini yokuluka

Kunezinhlobo eziningi ze imishini yokuluka ezisukela ku-spool noma izifanekiso zebhodi ngaphandle kwezingxenye ezihambayo ukuya emishinini eyinkimbinkimbi elawulwa ngogesi. Zonke zikhiqiza izinhlobo ezahlukene zezindwangu ezilukiwe eziyisicaba noma ezishubhu ezisuselwe kumazinga obunzima. 

Izingxenye eziyisisekelo zomshini wokunitha nemisebenzi yazo ihlanganisa:

- I-Creel: Iphethe i-cone yokuphakela intambo kumphakeli.

– Isiphakeli: Intambo idliswa nge-feeder kuye ngokuthi indwangu yakhiwe kanjani.

– I-VDQ pulley: Ilawula ubude bokuthunga bendwangu.

– Igayidi: Lesi sici esisekelayo sisetshenziswa ukuqondisa intambo.

- Inzwa: Iwuhlelo lokulawula oluzenzakalelayo olumisa inqubo yokunitha uma kwenzeka intambo iphuka noma kwenzeka enye inkinga.

- I-Cylinder: Iyingxenye eyinhloko yomshini wokunitha futhi ithwala izinaliti, ikhamera, amasinki, nezinye izinto.

– Isipredishithi: Sisetshenziselwa ukusabalalisa indwangu ebuthiwe ngaphambi kokuthi kuthathwe i-roller. Kuyalungiswa ukuthi izindwangu ezihlanganisiwe ziwuhlobo oluvulekile noma i-tubular.

Izinhlobo zemishini yokuluka

1. Imishini yokuluka ye-Weft

Imishini yokuluka ye-Weft zisetshenziselwa ukwenza izingubo ezilukiweyo ezilukiwe kusetshenziswa umucu owodwa. Kule nqubo, ama-looms aboshwe ngokuvundlile ngendlela eyindilinga ukusuka kwesokunxele sendwangu ukuya kwesokudla. Izintambo zokuluka zenziwe ngentambo zifakwa ezinalitini zomshini wokuluka eziyindilinga. Imithungo eyisisekelo ekunitheni kwe-weft ihlanganisa izihibe zobuso, izitishi zokuntanta, izihibe ezibuyela emuva, nezithungo ze-tuck. 

Ngezansi kukhona izinhlobo ezahlukene zokuluka i-weft:

– Luniwe kabili

- Ijezi

– Indilinga eyindilinga

– Ikhebula elukiwe

-Isiqhingi esihle

buhle 

- Iyabiza kakhulu uma iqhathaniswa nokuluka i-warp njengoba ikhiqiza izindwangu ezincane.

- Izindwangu ezilukiwe ze-Weft ziyanwebeka futhi zikhululekile ukugqokwa.

- Ukunitha kwe-Weft kukhiqiza izinto ezingashayi kalula. 

bawo

- Izindwangu eziluniwe ezilukiwe zishwabana kalula, ziyaqaqeka lapho zisikiwe, futhi zivame ukugoqa emaphethelweni.

- Izinto ezilukiwe ze-Weft zingaba nzima ukuzomisa zihlanzeke futhi zicindezele.

2. Imishini yokuluka i-Wap

Imishini yokuluka i-warp zisetshenziselwa ukunitha emaphethini amazombezombe eduze kwezindwangu. Ama-knits aqhutshwa ngamakholomu aseduze noma ama-wales. Ngamanye amagama, kuyindlela yokwenza iluphu lapho isethi eyodwa yentambo efakwa endaweni yokuluka ihambisana neselvage yendwangu. Izihibe ezime mpo zakhiwa esifundweni esisodwa futhi umucu uhamba ngokudayayo ukuze uhlanganise inkambo elandelayo. Kunezinhlobo ezintathu ze-warp, ezihlanganisa umnsalo, inkomishi, ne-crook. 

buhle

- Ingakha izakhiwo ezinezinhlangothi ezintathu eziboshwe ku-raschel enaliti enaliti ephindwe kabili.

– Kunezinhlobonhlobo zeziqondiso zendwangu.

- Ifinyelela amazinga aphezulu okukhiqiza.

- Inikeza ububanzi obukhulu bokusebenza.

- Kunesilinganiso esiphansi sokucindezeleka entanjeni esetshenzisiwe ukuze kusetshenziswe imicu efana ne-aramid, ingilazi, nekhabhoni.

bawo

- Izinto ezilukwe ku-warp ziluhlaza ngakho-ke kunzima ukusebenza ngazo.

- Uma kwenzeka ukungasebenzi kahle, kuthatha isikhathi esiningi ukulungisa, futhi ukunitha kwe-warp kungaba nzima uma kwenziwa ngesandla.

- Ukuze kukhiqizwe into eqinile, intambo esetshenzisiwe kufanele ilingane futhi isetshenziswe ngenani elifanele ngakho inqubo iba nzima.

Indlela yokukhetha imishini yokuluka efanele 

1. Igeji yomshini

Uma ucabangela igeji yomshini, kunezinhlobo zemishini yokuluka eyi-mid-gauge, i-standard gauge, ne-chunky gauge. Imishini ye-Mid-gauge cishe ino-6, 6.5, no-7 mm phakathi kwenaliti ngayinye. Zifaneleka uma umthengi enesikhathi esincane futhi ehlose ukuluka izingubo zabo, isibonelo imicu namaphethini ezilukwe ngesandla. Ukuze azuze izingubo eziluthwe kahle, umthengi angakhetha umshini wokukala ojwayelekile ono-4.5 mm phakathi kwenaliti ngayinye. Amageji ama-chunky anama-mm acishe abe ngu-9 phakathi kwenaliti ngayinye futhi afanele ukuluka izindwangu eziwugqinsi nezisindayo ezidinga iphethini yangaphezulu.  

I-2. Izindleko

Izindleko imishini yokuluka ziyahlukahluka kakhulu kuye ngokuthi zintsha noma zisasetshenziswa. Umshini osetshenzisiwe kufanele ube sesimweni esifanelekile sokusebenza nezingxenye ezisebenza ngokugcwele. Uma uthola umshini oseke wasetshenziswa, cabanga nezindleko zokuwulungisa ezihlanganisa ukulungisa nokushintsha izingxenye. Ngokuqondene nemishini emisha, cabangela intengo yokuqala kanye nezindleko zemishini yayo yocingo. Ngaphandle kwesabelomali, isinqumo sokugcina sizonqunywa uhlobo lwamaphrojekthi umthengi analo.

3. Indlela yokwenza amaphethini

Abathengi kufanele baqonde ukuthi izindlela ezehlukene zamaphethini ziyatholakala ngokusekelwe ezilinganisweni zemishini yokuluka. Okokuqala, umshini kufanele ube nekhono lokudala kalula futhi ngokushesha i-lace, imiklamo, namaphethini aqoshiwe. Imishini eminingi yokwenza amaphethini okuzenzakalelayo ingakhiqiza amaphethini amaningana okuhlobisa njenge-tuck, i-isolation, ne-knit-in. Izinto ezindala zombhede owodwa zazinezinamathiselo ze-punch-card kanye namasethi amakhadi ashaywe ngaphambilini. Imishini yokunitha yakamuva kakhulu inemiklamo eyakhelwe ngaphakathi engu-700. Ukwengeza, bangadlulisela imithungo ehlukene engaba ngu-200 ukusuka komunye umbhede ukuya komunye kuye ngemodeli. 

4. Intambo

Kunezinhlobo ezahlukene zezintambo ezisetshenziswa ngokusekelwe emandleni emishini yokuluka. Abathengi badinga ukwazi osayizi bezintambo ukuze bakwazi ukukhetha kalula uhla olufanele lwemishini yabo yokuluka. Ezinye zezintambo ezitholakalayo zihlanganisa intambo enesisindo se-lace, intambo emaphakathi, i-bulky & ne-super bulky, kanye ne-super fine or light yan. Iminwe, ezemidlalo, isisindo esibi kakhulu, nezintambo ezinkulu zingasetshenziswa emshinini wokunitha ngokusekelwe ohlotsheni lwezindwangu ezilukiwe. Futhi, intambo enkulu akufanele isetshenziswe emishinini yokuluka i-fine gauge ukuze kugwenywe ukumosha lapho inqola igxumela intambo. 

5. Ikhono

Amandla ahlanganisa uhla lwezinsiza ozikhethela zomshini wokuluka, amaphethini, imithungo, nezintambo ezisetshenzisiwe. Umshini wokunitha ojwayelekile unamahhuku angama-150 kuye kwangama-220 embhedeni womshini kuye ngohlobo lwegeji. Ezinye zezinsiza ozikhethela zona ezitholakalayo zemishini yokuluka zifaka i-ribber, amamotho, inqola yeleyisi, inqola ye-garter, i-cast-off linker, inqola yokudlulisa, intarsia carriage, garter bar, kanye nokushintsha umbala. Zonke lezi zici zifaka isandla emandleni emishini yokuluka futhi zinikeze inzuzo yokuqhathanisa. 

I-6. Thayipha

Lokhu kuchaza ukwakheka komshini, okuhlanganisa nemishini yokuluka eyi-warp ne-weft. Ekunitheni kwe-warp, zonke izakhi zohlobo oluthile—ngokwesibonelo, osinki, izinaliti, noma iziqondiso zebha eyodwa yomhlahlandlela—zisebenza njengeyunithi eyodwa. Afakwa kalula futhi alawulwa kusuka kubha ye-elementi eyodwa. Ngenxa yalokho, ibha yomhlahlandlela ngayinye idinga ukungezwani okufanayo kwentambo ye-warp kanye nezinga lokuphakela. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, imishini yokuluka i-weft inenani elilinganiselwe lezindawo zokuphakela izintambo. Ngakho-ke, badinga amanani ahlukene okuphakela kwentambo okuhlinzekwa ngamacones. Izinaliti ziboshwe ngendlela ye-serial ngakho-ke umshini uvumela ukuhlela kabusha ifreyimu yombhede oyindilinga noma yenaliti eqondile ngokusekelwe ezidingweni. 

7. Ijubane

Ngokuvamile, isivinini imishini yokuluka ziyahlukahluka kuye ngosayizi wegeji, inani leziphakeli, kanye nohlobo lwentambo eqhutshwayo. Ngokwesilinganiso, ijubane elikhulu lemishini yokuluka ukujikeleza okungu-40 ngomzuzu. Ngalesi sivinini, umshini wokunitha wesimanje ojwayelekile ungafinyelela ububanzi obusukela ku-600 kuya ku-1200 imithungo ngomzuzu. Ngokuqondile, ijubane lomshini wokuluka oyindilinga lingavezwa ngokusekelwe ekuguqukeni komshini ngomzuzu kanye nesivinini esijikelezayo ngamamitha ngomzuzwana. Isivinini esiyindilinga sicishe sibe ngu-1.5 m/sec kanye no-2 m/sec emishinini yesivinini esiphezulu.

Isiphetho

Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, kwehlela kulokho okufanelana nezidingo zabathengi noma amaphrojekthi abahlose ukuwaqeda. Ephezulu ziqondise iveza okucatshangelwayo okubalulekile ukuze kugwenywe ukuphela nemishini yokuluka engahambisani nemigqa yokukhiqiza yabathengi. Ukunitha okusekelwe ekhaya, okulula umshini wepulasitiki ngabe kwanele. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ukukhiqiza okusindayo nokukhulu, imishini yokuluka eyenziwe ngekhompyutha ingakhethwa kakhulu. Ngaphansi kwezimo ezihlukahlukene, le mishini inezinzuzo nezansi. Noma iyiphi indlela, ukuze uthole imishini yokuluka esezingeni eliphezulu nesebenza kahle kakhulu, vakashela Chovm.com.