Ungawenza Kanjani Usayizi Futhi Khetha I-Off-grid Solar Inverter Engcono Kakhulu

Izindlu eziningi ezisebenza nge-solar zinesistimu yelanga eboshwe ngegridi. Kodwa-ke, izinhlelo ze-solar ezingaphandle kwegridi sezidume kakhulu ngenxa yokwanda kwamandla okuzimela ezinikeza abasebenzisi. Ithuluzi elibalulekile elihlotshaniswa nalezi zinhlelo yi-off-grid solar inverter.

Kulesi sihloko, sizohlola ukuthi kanjani ama-inverters elanga angaphandle kwegridi ukusebenza ngokuqhathanisa nama-inverter asetshenziselwa amasistimu e-hybrid on-grid. I-athikili izophinde ihlaziye imakethe yelanga engaphandle kwegridi yomhlaba wonke, ibheka usayizi wemakethe wamanje, abashayeli ababalulekile bemakethe, kanye nokukhula okulindelwe. Izobe isinikeza umhlahlandlela wokuthenga onezici ezibalulekile okufanele uzicabangele lapho ukhetha inverter engcono kakhulu ye-solar off-grid.

Okuqukethwe
Asebenza kanjani ama-off-grid solar inverters?
Ukubuka konke kwemakethe yelanga engaphandle kwegridi yomhlaba wonke
Izinto ezi-5 okufanele zicatshangelwe lapho ukhetha inverter engcono kakhulu ye-solar off-grid
Khetha inverter engcono kakhulu ye-solar ngaphandle kwegridi

Asebenza kanjani ama-off-grid solar inverters?

Izinhlobo ezimbili eziyinhloko ze izinhlelo ze-solar powered yilawo axhunywe kugridi (hybrid noma on-grid) nalawo anqanyuliwe kugridi (off-grid). Nakuba bobabili zisebenzisa umthombo wamandla ofanayo wamandla aqoqwe elangeni ngamaphaneli elanga, bagcina futhi basebenzise amandla engeziwe ngendlela ehlukile.

Ngesistimu yelanga eyingxubevange, ugesi oweqile uthunyelwa kugridi yamandla, kuyilapho abaguquli be-solar off-grid basebenzisa amabhange amabhethri agcina amandla elanga e-DC afakwe kuwo ngamaphaneli elanga angaphandle kwegridi. Lawo mandla abe eseguqulwa i-inverter ibe amandla e-AC asetshenziselwa ukunika amandla izinto zikagesi zasendlini.

Amasistimu elanga angaphandle kwegridi ayinkimbinkimbi kakhulu uma eqhathaniswa namasistimu ayingxubevange njengoba adinga izingxenye ezengeziwe ezifana neziqapha zamabhethri, izilawuli zokushaja, kanye nama-circuit breaker e-DC kanye ne-AC.

Ukubuka konke kwemakethe yelanga engaphandle kwegridi yomhlaba wonke

Umbiko we-Vantage Market Research ka-2022 ikhombisa lokho imakethe ye-solar inverter yomhlaba wonke kulindeleke ukuthi ifinyelele inani lemakethe lama-US $ 12.93 billion ngasekupheleni kuka-2028. Imakethe kulindeleke ukuthi ikhule ngesilinganiso sokukhula sonyaka esihlanganisiwe (CAGR) esingu-8.5% sisuka enanini layo lemakethe lika-2021 lama-US $ 7.92 billion.

Uma kukhulunywa ngemakethe yelanga ye-off-grid ngokukhethekile, I-Vantage iyabikezela ukukhula kwemakethe ku-CAGR ka-11%, imakethe ikhula isuka enanini lama- $ 2.8 billion ngo-2020 yaya ku-US $ 6.45 billion ngo-2028.

Inkinga yamandla ezayo, amanani entengo kawoyela aguquguqukayo, kanye nokwenyuka kwezivumelwano zamazwe omhlaba ezikhuthaza izinhlelo zentuthuko esimeme kubhekwa njengezisusa ezibalulekile zokukhula kwemakethe yama-solar power inverters.

Izinto ezi-5 okufanele zicatshangelwe lapho ukhetha inverter engcono kakhulu ye-solar off-grid

1. I-voltage ephumayo

Enye yezinto zokuqala okufanele uzicabangele lapho ukhetha i- i-off-grid solar inverter inquma izidingo zomthwalo. Lokhu kuvame ukufana ne-voltage evamile yokuhlinzeka noma ukulayisha amandla kagesi wendawo ethile.

Ukuhlaziya umthwalo kusiza abathengisi ukuthi bathole ukuthi yimaphi ama-voltage amakhasimende abo azowadinga. Amandla okukhipha amandla e-Europe nase-Afrika angu-240V, kuyilapho angu-120V e-US. Izicelo eziningi zokuhlala zidinga i-110/220 VAC, okuyisidingo samandla kagesi emithwalweni yasendlini ye-AC.

Ukuthola i-voltage ephezulu yokuphuma, abasebenzisi bangasebenzisa "i-inverter stacking," okubandakanya ukusebenzisa ama-inverter amaningi ochungechungeni. Inqobo nje uma ilanga inverters ezisetshenzisiwe ziyahambisana, umsebenzisi wendawo yokuhlala uzokwazi ukuxhuma ama-inverter amabili we-VAC amabili ukuze aphindwe kabili amandla okukhiphayo ku-120 VAC.

2. Ibanga lamandla

Isici esilandelayo okufanele sicatshangelwe lapho ukhetha okungcono kakhulu i-off-grid solar inverter ububanzi bamandla i-inverter eza nayo. Ekugcineni, okokusebenza okukhethiwe kufanele kukwazi ukuhlangabezana nezidingo zamandla omsebenzisi noma ukuphatha umthwalo wabo.

Ngezansi uhlu lwamandla okushintshashintsha ahlukahlukene kanye nezicelo zawo ezijwayelekile:

• 1–2 kW: I-TV, ifriji, ifoni, ikhabethe elincane elinamalambu
• 2–4 kW: Izindlu ezincane ezonga amandla, amakhabethe amakhulu
• 4–8 kW: Iningi lamakhaya angaphandle kwegridi
• 8–16 kW: Amakhaya amakhulu angaphandle kwegridi, amabhizinisi amancane, amapulazi, noma amapulazi

Uhla lwamandla oludume kakhulu luyi 4–8 kW njengoba ingahlangabezana nezidingo ezijwayelekile zamandla asekhaya.

Kuye ngekhasimende eliqondiwe, kubalulekile ukucabangela imithwalo yesikhathi esizayo engadinga amandla. Lokhu kusho ukuthi i- ama-inverters angaphandle kwegridi efakiwe kufanele ngokujwayelekile ikwazi ukubhekana nanoma yikuphi ukukhula kwezidingo zamandla eminyakeni embalwa ezayo. Ngakho-ke, uhlelo oluqondiswe kubabhangqwana asebethathe umhlalaphansi kufanele luhluke kulolo oluqondiswe emindenini emincane.

3. I-voltage yokufaka ye-DC

Kanye umthamo amandla we i-off-grid solar inverter isimisiwe, manje sekuyisikhathi sokucabangela ububanzi be-voltage ye-DC yemishini. Lokhu kungasungulwa ngokubheka imininingwane ye-inverter noma ishidi lokucaciswa.

I-voltage ye-DC yokufaka isetshenziselwa ukunquma umthamo webhethri wegama elifanayo i-inverter. Njengomthetho, i-voltage ephezulu ye-PV DC akumele idlule i-voltage ephezulu ye-DC esohlwini lwezicaciso ze-inverter.

4. Umthamo webhethri

Isici esilandelayo okufanele sicatshangelwe kunqubo yokukhetha amasistimu kagesi welanga angaphandle kwegridi yi usayizi webhethri lokho kuzofuneka. Umthengisi kuyodingeka anqume ukuthi ikhasimende eliqondiswe kulo lizodinga isitoreji samandla esihlanganisa ukusetshenziswa kosuku olulodwa noma uhlelo olunomthamo owengeziwe wokusekelayo.

Ukuqinisekisa ukunemba phakathi nale nqubo, kubalulekile ukucabangela inani lezinto eziguquguqukayo ezihlobene nebhethri. Lokhu kufaka phakathi uhlobo lwebhethri kanye nekhemistri yalo, ukusebenza kahle kohambo olubuya nokubuya, ukujula okukhulu kokukhipha (i-DoD), isilinganiso sokushaja esiphezulu, nezinsuku zokuzimela.

Umthetho ojwayelekile wokwenza ikhophi yasenqolobaneni yebhethri lelanga uwumgomo wokugcina ohlanganisa okungenani izinsuku ezingu-2–3 zokusetshenziswa ngesikhathi sokusetshenziswa okuphezulu kakhulu konyaka.

5. Isilawuli se-solar esakhelwe ngaphakathi

Ama-inverters e-solar angaphandle kwegridi afika nawo izilawuli zokushaja zelanga ezakhelwe ngaphakathi ezilawula amandla avela kumaphaneli elanga futhi adluliselwe kumabhethri. Kunezinhlobo ezimbili zezilawuli zokushaja ezivame ukusetshenziselwa iziguquli zelanga ezingaphandle kwegridi: Izilawuli ze-Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT). kanye nezilawuli ze-Pulse-Width Modulation (PWM).

Izilawuli ze-MPPT zibhekwa njengezingcono ngokobuchwepheshe njengoba zingaguqula amandla kagesi ephaneli yelanga aphezulu abe amandla kagesi aphansi futhi ziyakwazi ukushaja amabhethri ngokulahleka kwamandla aphansi noma ukusebenza kahle okuphezulu. I-MPPT ingaletha 93-97% ukusebenza kahle ekuguquleni amandla abo; nokho, zibiza kakhulu uma ziqhathaniswa nabalawuli be-PWM.

Izilawuli ze-PWM zishibhile, kodwa zingabangela ukuthi kufike U-60% wokulahlekelwa amandla. Lokhu kubenza bangafaneleki kumasistimu amakhulu kodwa kube inketho esebenzayo kumasistimu amancane. Ngokufanelekile, kungcono kakhulu ukukhetha i-inverter ngesilawuli sokushaja esakhelwe ngaphakathi esithuthukisa ukudluliswa kwamandla kagesi ukuze ibhange lebhethri lithole inani eliphezulu lamandla.

Khetha inverter engcono kakhulu ye-solar ngaphandle kwegridi

Ukukhetha isiguquli selanga esiphuma kugridi esingcono kakhulu samakhasimende okuhlosiwe kudinga ukucatshangelwa ngokucophelela kwezinto ezimbalwa, okuhlanganisa ugesi ophumayo, ububanzi bamandla, ugesi wokufakwayo we-DC, umthamo webhethri, nezilawuli zokushaja zelanga ezakhelwe ngaphakathi.

Zonke lezi zici zinomthelela ohlotsheni lwesistimu yamandla elanga engasebenzi abasebenzisi abanalo, ngakho abathengisi kufanele bacabangele ukuthi ubani oqondiswe kubo njengoba lokhu kuzosiza ukusungula inketho ye-inverter engcono kakhulu kubo.

Ekugcineni, amakhasimende afuna amasistimu okulula ukuwagcina, asebenziseka kalula, futhi angahluphi. Ukubala ngokunembile ukulayishwa kukagesi namaphethini okusetshenziswa kwalabo abazoba amakhasimende kuvumela ukulinganiswa okulungile kwesistimu sonozungezilanga engaphandle kwegridi, ukusebenza okuphezulu, kanye nokwehluleka okuncane kwesistimu.