Ungawathola Kanjani Amabhethri E-LMO Angcono Kakhulu ngo-2024

Amabhethri e-LMO awuhlobo lwe i-lithium-ion ibhetri esebenzisa i-lithium manganese oxide njenge-cathode material. Leli bhethri libonakala ngesivinini esikhulu sokushaja nokuzinza kwe-thermal, futhi lihamba phambili ezimeni zohlelo lokusebenza ezidinga ukushajwa nokushajwa okusheshayo, njengamathuluzi kagesi nezimoto ezithile zikagesi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izindleko zayo eziphansi ziyenza ilungele izinhlelo zokusebenza ezingazweli kakhulu.

Le ndatshana izonikeza umbono omfishane wamabhethri e-LMO, bese izogqamisa izinto ezibalulekile okufanele uzicabangele lapho ukhetha eyodwa ngo-2024.

Okuqukethwe
Ayini amabhethri e-LMO
Ukubunjwa
Ukwahlukanisa
Izimo zohlelo lokusebenza
Kufanele ulikhethe nini leli bhethri
Amathrendi ezobuchwepheshe
Isiphetho sendaba

Ayini amabhethri e-LMO

Amabhethri e-Lithium manganese oxide (LMO)., uhlobo olubalulekile lwebhethri ye-lithium-ion, lubonise ukusebenza okuphawulekayo phakathi kwezinhlelo zokusebenza ezimbalwa ngenxa yezinto zabo ze-lithium manganese oxide (LiMn2O4) cathode. 

Ingqikithi yalobu buchwepheshe bebhethri ilele esakhiweni se-spinel se-cathode material, engagcini nje ngokunikeza izakhiwo ezinhle ze-electrochemical, ezifana ne-voltage ephezulu yokusebenza kanye nokuzinza okuhle kokuhamba ngebhayisikili, kodwa futhi inikeza amandla athile aphezulu kakhulu. 

Izinzuzo eziyinhloko ze Amabhethri e-LMO ilele ekusebenziseni kwazo izindleko, ukuphepha okuphezulu, nokuminyana kwamandla okuhle, okuzenza zifanelekele ukusetshenziswa ezindaweni ezifana namathuluzi kagesi, izimoto zikagesi, nezinto zikagesi eziphathwayo, phakathi kokunye. 

Kodwa-ke, kunezinselelo ezithile ezihlobene nalawa mabhethri, okuhlanganisa ukuthambekela kwawo ekonakaleni komthamo kumazinga okushisa aphezulu kanye nokuminyana kwawo kwamandla aphansi uma kuqhathaniswa namanye amabhethri e-lithium-ion. Uma sibhekene nalezi zinselelo, ukuthuthukiswa kwe Ibhethri ye-LMO ubuchwepheshe abukamile. 

Ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukusebenza nokwelula impilo, i-R&D isebenzise amasu ahlukahlukene, njengokuhlanganisa Amabhethri e-LMO nezinye izinhlobo zezinto zebhethri ze-lithium-ion (isb, i-lithium-nickel-cobalt-manganese-oxide (NMC)), ukuze kusetshenziswe izinzuzo zento ngayinye. 

Leli su lokuhlanganisa alikhulisi nje kuphela ukuminyana kwamandla ebhethri kodwa futhi lisiza ukuthuthukisa ukusebenza kwebhethri kukonke kanye nempilo yomjikelezo kuyilapho kugcinwa ukonga kwezindleko. Namuhla, Amabhethri e-LMO ziyisixazululo samandla esibalulekile sokuthutha ngogesi (okuhlanganisa amabhayisikili kagesi, izithuthuthu zikagesi, nezinye izimoto zikagesi), izinto zikagesi eziphathwayo, amathuluzi kagesi angenazintambo, nezinhlelo zokugcina amandla zasekhaya nezokuhweba. 

Ububanzi balezi zicelo buwubufakazi bokuhlukahluka kwe Ibhethri ye-LMO ubuchwepheshe kanye nokubaluleka kwayo ezisombululweni zamandla zamanje nezesikhathi esizayo. Ngokuthuthuka okwengeziwe kwesayensi yezinto kanye nobuchwepheshe bebhethri, kubonakala kusengaphambili ukuthi amabhethri e-LMO azoqhubeka nokuthola ibhalansi engcono phakathi kokusebenza kahle kwamandla, ukuphepha, kanye nokusebenza kahle kwezindleko zohlu olubanzi lwezinhlelo zokusebenza.

Ukubunjwa

Izinto ze-Cathode

I-Lithium-manganese oxide (LiMn2O4): Izinto ze-cathode ziyingxenye ephakathi kakhulu Amabhethri e-LMO futhi isebenzisa i-lithium-manganese oxide enesakhiwo somgogodla. Le nto isetshenziswa kabanzi ngenxa yokuqina kwayo okuhle kwe-electrochemical, i-voltage ephezulu yokusebenza, kanye nezindleko eziphansi uma kuqhathaniswa. Isakhiwo se-spinel sisiza ukushumeka okusheshayo nokukhishwa kwe-lithium ion, ukusekela ukuphuma kwamandla aphezulu nokusebenza okuhle kokuhamba ngebhayisikili.

Impahla ye-anode

I-graphite: I-graphite noma ezinye izinhlobo zezinto ze-carbon zivame ukusetshenziselwa ama-electrode angalungile. I-graphite inesakhiwo esinezingqimba esihlinzeka ngendawo yokugcina ezinzile ye-lithium ion, esekela ukusebenza okuphumelelayo nokuzinza kwesikhathi eside ngesikhathi sokushaja nokukhipha.

I-Electrolyte

Usawoti we-lithium oncibilikisiwe ku-solvent ephilayo: I-electrolyte iwumthombo wezokuthutha we-ion ngaphakathi kwebhethri, equkethe i-solvent ephilayo enosawoti we-lithium (isb, i-LiPF6) encibilike kuyo. Umsebenzi oyinhloko we-electrolyte ukwenza ama-ion e-lithium phakathi kwama-electrode amahle noma angalungile, okwenza ibhethri likwazi ukwenza ukusabela kwe-electrochemical ngesikhathi sokushaja nokukhipha.

I-diaphragm (isihlukanisi)

I-polymer membrane enezimbotshana: Isihlukanisi siwulwelwesi oluthambile lwepolymer olunezimbobo phakathi kwama-electrode aqondile noma angalungile. Umsebenzi wawo ukuhlukanisa ngokomzimba ama-electrode aqondile nangalungile, ukuvimbela ama-circuits amancane ngenkathi uvumela i-lithium ion ukuba idlule ngokukhululekile ukusekela inqubo yokushaja nokukhipha ibhethri.

Isikhwama kanye nokupakisha

Isikhwama sensimbi noma sepulasitiki: esetshenziselwa ukuvikela izingxenye zangaphakathi kanye nokuqinisekisa ukuzinza ngokomzimba nokuphepha kwebhethri. Impahla kanye nokwakheka kwebhokisi kufanele futhi kucabangele izidingo zokushabalalisa ukushisa kwebhethri.

Ukwahlukanisa

Amabhethri e-LMO, njengohlobo lwebhethri ye-lithium-ion, ikakhulukazi ihlukaniswa ngezinhlanganisela ezahlukene kanye nokuguqulwa kwe-lithium manganese oxides ezintweni ze-cathode. Lezi zigaba zibonisa izikhombisi-ndlela ezihlukile zokuthuthukisa ukusebenza kwamabhethri e-LMO, okufaka ukuthuthukisa ukuminyana kwamandla, ukuzinza komjikelezo, ukusebenza kwezinga lokushisa, nokuphepha. Okulandelayo ezinye zezigaba eziyinhloko ze Amabhethri e-LMO:

Amabhethri e-LMO esigaba esihlanzekile

Lolu hlobo lwebhethri lusebenzisa i-lithium manganese oxide ehlanzekile njengempahla ye-cathode enesakhiwo se-spinel. Amabhethri e-LMO esigaba esihlanzekile alula futhi anezindleko eziphansi, kodwa athambekele ekonakaleni komthamo emazingeni okushisa aphezulu, akhawulela uhla lwawo lwezinhlelo zokusebenza.

I-Dopant-modified Amabhethri e-LMO

Izici ze-electrochemical zezinto ze-LMO zithuthukiswa ngokufaka ezinye izakhi (isb, i-nickel, i-cobalt, i-iron, njll.) kuzo, ikakhulukazi ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukuzinza kwamabhayisikili kanye nokusebenza kwezinga lokushisa. Lokhu kuguqulwa kungavimbela ngempumelelo umonakalo wesakhiwo esibangelwa ukushumeka okuphindaphindiwe kanye nokukhipha ama-ion e-lithium phakathi nenqubo yokugibela ibhayisikili, ngaleyo ndlela kwelule impilo yebhethri.

Amabhethri e-LMO alungiswe ngokuphezulu

Ukuzinza kwesakhiwo nokusebenza kwe-electrochemical kwezinhlayiya ze-LMO kungathuthukiswa ngokumboza ingaphezulu lezinhlayiya ze-LMO ngezinye izinto (isb., ama-oxides, ama-phosphates, njll.). Ukulungiswa kwendawo akuthuthukisi ukuphepha kwebhethri kuphela kodwa futhi kuthuthukisa ukusebenza kwayo ngaphansi kwamazinga okushisa aphezulu ngokwezinga elithile.

Amabhethri e-anode e-LMO ahlanganisiwe

Izinto ze-LMO zakhiwe nezinye izinhlobo zezinto ze-cathode, njenge-LiNiMnCoO2 (NMC) noma i-LiFePO4 (LFP), ukuhlanganisa izinzuzo zezinto ezihlukahlukene. Leli su eliyinhlanganisela lihlose ukukhulisa ukuminyana kwamandla ebhethri, ukuthuthukisa ukusebenza kwayo kokuphepha, nokuthuthukisa ukusebenza kwayo kwezinga lokushisa.

Izimo zohlelo lokusebenza

Ezokuthutha ngogesi

Izimoto zikagesi (EVs): Amabhethri e-LMO asetshenziswa ezinhlelweni zebhethri lamandla kwezinye izimoto zikagesi ngenxa yokuminyana kwazo okuphezulu nokusebenza kahle kokuphepha.

Amabhayisikili kagesi nezithuthuthu zikagesi: Kulezi zinhlelo zokusebenza, amabhethri e-LMO ahlinzeka ngokukhipha amandla aphezulu adingekayo kanye nebanga elifanelekile kuyilapho egcina ukusebenza kahle kwezindleko.

Imishini kagesi ephathekayo

Omakhalekhukhwini namalaptop: Nakuba Amabhethri e-LMO awanakho ukuminyana kwamandla afanayo nezinye izinhlobo zamabhethri e-lithium-ion (isb, amabhethri e-lithium cobalt oxide), asathandwa ngenxa yokuphuma kwawo kwamandla aphezulu kanye nokusebenza kahle kwezindleko kumadivayisi athile.

Amakhamera edijithali nezidlali zemidiya eziphathwayo: Lawa madivayisi adinga umthombo wamandla onokwethenjelwa ukuze asekele ukusebenza kwamandla aphezulu, futhi amabhethri e-LMO asetshenziswa kabanzi ngenxa yokusetshenziswa kwawo okuguquguqukayo.

Izinhlelo zokugcina amandla

Amasistimu okugcina amandla asekhaya nawentengiso (ESS): Amabhethri e-LMO aya ngokuya evame kakhulu ezinhlelweni zokugcina amandla, ikakhulukazi ezinhlelweni ezidinga amandla aphezulu kanye nokuphendula okusheshayo, njengokusetshenziswa kokuhluka kwentengo ephakeme kanye nesigodi kanye nokugcinwa kokukhiqizwa kwamandla avuselelekayo (ilanga, umoya).

Amasistimu wamandla aphuthumayo nawokulinda: Amabhethri e-LMO aphinde abonise izinzuzo zawo ezimeni eziphuthumayo kanye nezinhlelo zamandla ezilindile ezidinga ukwethembeka okuphezulu nokuphuma kwamandla ngokushesha.

Kufanele ulikhethe nini leli bhethri

Ukukhetha i Ibhethri ye-LMO ifanele izimo ezithile lapho izinzuzo ezithile zebhethri zihlangabezana nezidingo zohlelo lokusebenza. Ukukhetha ibhethri le-LMO kungaba yinketho engcono kakhulu ezimeni ezilandelayo:

Idinga ukuphuma kwamandla aphezulu

Amabhethri e-LMO anikezela ngokuminyana kwamandla aphezulu futhi afanele izinhlelo zokusebenza ezidinga amandla okushaja nokukhipha ngokushesha, njengamathuluzi kagesi, amabhayisikili kagesi, nezithuthuthu zikagesi. Uma isimo sohlelo lokusebenza sidinga inani elikhulu lamandla ukuze likhishwe ngesikhathi esifushane, amabhethri e-LMO ayinketho enhle kakhulu.

Amaphrojekthi angabizi kakhulu

Uma kuqhathaniswa nezinye izinhlobo zamabhethri e-lithium-ion, amabhethri e-LMO ngokuvamile awabizi kangako. Kumaphrojekthi anesabelomali esilinganiselwe noma abheka ukusebenza kahle kwezindleko, njengezinhlobo ezithile zezimoto zikagesi nezinto zikagesi eziphathwayo zabathengi, amabhethri e-LMO anganikeza isisombululo esithengekayo.

Isici sokuphepha

Nakuba zonke izinhlobo zamabhethri e-lithium-ion zakhiwe ngezinyathelo zokuphepha eziqinile, amabhethri e-LMO anikeza ukuzinza okungcono kokushisa nokuphepha ngenxa yesakhiwo sawo samakhemikhali. Kuzinhlelo zokusebenza lapho ukuphepha kubaluleke kakhulu, njengamasistimu amakhulu okugcina ibhethri, amabhethri e-LMO angaba yinketho ephephile.

Inani elikhulu lamabhethri adingekayo ngesikhathi esifushane

Ngenxa yokuvuthwa okuhlobene nobulula benqubo yokukhiqiza yamabhethri e-LMO, angakhiqizwa ngobuningi ngokushesha uma kuqhathaniswa. Kumaphrojekthi lapho inani elikhulu lamabhethri lidinga ukuthunyelwa ngesikhathi esifushane, njengokukhiqizwa kwezimoto zikagesi ezilinganiselwe, amabhethri e-LMO angahlangabezana ngokushesha nesidingo esikhulu.

Izidingo zempilo yebhethri ephansi

Nakuba impilo yomjikelezo wamabhethri e-LMO ingase ingabi yinde njengaleyo yezinye izinhlobo zamabhethri e-lithium-ion, ibhalansi yokusebenza nezindleko ezinikezwa amabhethri e-LMO zisakhanga uma isimo sohlelo lokusebenza sivumela inani elilinganiselwe lemijikelezo.

Amathrendi ezobuchwepheshe

Amabhethri e-LMO kulindeleke ukuthi zigxile ekuthuthukiseni ukusebenza, ekwandiseni izinhlelo zokusebenza, kanye nokwenza ngcono ukuphepha nokusimama kwemvelo kumathrendi ezobuchwepheshe azayo. Ngezansi kunezikhombisi-ndlela ezimbalwa ezibalulekile zamathrendi wesikhathi esizayo zobuchwepheshe zamabhethri e-LMO:

Ukuqamba izinto ezintsha

I-Doping kanye ne-alloying: Ukuthuthukisa ukuminyana kwamandla nokuzinza kwamabhethri ngokwenza ezinye izakhi (isb, i-nickel, i-cobalt, i-aluminium, njll.) zibe izinto ze-LMO. Lezi zinto ezintsha zisiza ukuthuthukisa impilo yomjikelezo kanye nebanga lokushisa elisebenzayo lebhethri.

Ukulungiswa kwendawo: Ubuchwepheshe obusha bokumboza phezulu buyathuthukiswa ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukuzinza kwesakhiwo kanye nokumelana nokugqwala kwamabhethri e-LMO, okubuye kuthuthukise ukusebenza kwawo ezindaweni ezimbi kakhulu.

Ukuthuthukiswa kwesakhiwo

Ukulawulwa kwe-Microstructure: Thuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kokusabalalisa kwama-ion e-lithium ngokuthuthukisa i-microstructure yezinto ze-LMO, njengosayizi wezinhlayiyana nokuma, ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukusebenza kokushaja nokukhipha ukushajwa kwebhethri.

Inhlanganisela yezinto eziningi: I-LMO Ehlanganisiwe nezinye izinhlobo zezinto ze-cathode (isb, i-NMC, i-LFP) ukuze kuhlanganiswe izinzuzo zento ngayinye ukuze kuzuzwe ukuminyana kwamandla okuphezulu nokusebenza okungcono komjikelezo.

Ukuthuthukiswa kokuphepha

Ukuthuthukiswa kokuzinza kwe-thermal: Dala izinto ezizinze kakhulu ze-electrolyte ne-diaphragm ukuze uthuthukise ukuphepha nokuzinza kwamabhethri e-LMO emazingeni okushisa aphezulu.

Izindlela zokuphepha ezakhelwe ngaphakathi: Dala imiklamo emisha yebhethri, njengokuvikela ukushajwa okwakhelwe ngaphakathi kanye namasistimu okuphatha okushisayo, ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukuphepha ngesikhathi sokusetshenziswa.

Ukwandiswa kwezindawo zokufaka izicelo

Amasistimu okugcina amandla (ESS): Ngokukhula kokusetshenziswa kwemithombo yamandla avuselelekayo, ukusetshenziswa kwamabhethri e-LMO ezinhlelweni ezinkulu zokugcina amandla kulindeleke ukuthi kukhule ngokuqhubekayo, ikakhulukazi lapho ukuminyana kwamandla aphezulu kanye nokuphepha okuhle kuyadingeka.

Igridi ehlakaniphile nesitoreji samandla sasekhaya: Ukusetshenziswa kwamabhethri e-LMO kugridi ehlakaniphile kanye nezixazululo zokugcina amandla ekhaya kuzokhula ngentuthuko yezobuchwepheshe ukuze kusekelwe ukusetshenziswa kwamandla okusebenza ngempumelelo kanye nokuzinza okungcono kwegridi.              

Isiphetho sendaba

Amabhethri e-LMO ziye zamukelwa kabanzi ezinhlotsheni zezinhlelo zokusebenza ngenxa yokuminyana kwazo okuphezulu, izindleko eziphansi, kanye nokusebenza kahle kokuphepha. Amabhethri e-LMO afaneleka kakhulu izinhlelo zokusebenza ezidinga ukuphuma kwamandla aphezulu kanye nokusebenza kahle kwezindleko, njengamathuluzi kagesi, ezokuthutha ngogesi, kanye nemikhiqizo ethile ye-elekthronikhi ephathekayo. 

Ngokuzayo, ngokuthuthuka kanye nokwenza kahle kobuchwepheshe, amabhethri e-LMO kulindeleke ukuthi azuze impumelelo enkulu ekuminyana kwamandla, impilo yomjikelezo, nokuvumelana nezimo zemvelo, aqhubeke nokwandisa ububanzi bokusebenza kwawo.

Okokugcina, uma ungathanda ukuthenga ibhethri le-LMO ozolisebenzisa ekhaya noma lebhizinisi, ungavakashela lokhu isixhumanisi.