Ungaliqala Kanjani Ibhizinisi Lokushaja I-EV

Iziteshi zokushaja ze-EV ziba ibhizinisi elikhulayo njengoba isibalo sezimoto zikagesi siqhubeka nokukhula ngokushesha emhlabeni jikelele. Ngokwesibonelo, cishe 2.1 abayizigidi ezingu izimoto zikagesi zathengiswa ngo-2019, okuholele ekwenyukeni konyaka ngama-40%.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, abathengi banamuhla bayabona izimoto kagesi njengesixazululo esithembisayo sokunciphisa ukungcoliswa komoya, ukwehlisa ukukhishwa kwamagesi abamba ukushisa, kanye nokwehlukanisa amandla. Isibonelo, umbiko we-International Energy Agency (IEA) ukhombisa ukuthi izimoto zikagesi ngo-2019 zehlise ukusetshenziswa kukawoyela cishe 0.6 abayizigidi ezingu imiphongolo ngosuku.

Ukwengeza, ukuphehlwa kukagesi ezimotweni zikagesi zomhlaba wonke kukhiphe i-51 Mt CO2-eq, cishe uhhafu wezinto ezikhishwa izimoto ezilingana ne-ICE ebezingakukhiqiza. Le miphumela emihle izoqhubeka nokwandisa isidingo se iziteshi zokushaja, ngaleyo ndlela kwakha ithuba lebhizinisi.

Okuqukethwe
Kungani iziteshi zokushaja ze-EV zinamathuba ebhizinisi
Izinhlobo zeziteshi zokushaja ze-EV ezitholakala emakethe
Izinto okufanele uzicabangele lapho uqala ibhizinisi lokushaja i-EV
Izigaba zemakethe okufanele ziqondiswe
Isiphetho

Kungani iziteshi zokushaja ze-EV zinamathuba ebhizinisi

Njengoba umhlaba uphokophela ekusaseni elisimeme, ama-EV asethandwa kakhulu. Lokhu kuduma sekuguqule isidingo esikhuphukile seziteshi zokushaja, ngaleyo ndlela kwakha ithuba lebhizinisi lokuthi osomabhizinisi nezinkampani batshale imali. Ukushaja i-EV ingqalasizinda.

Isiteshi sokushaja se-EV usayizi wemakethe yomhlaba wonke

Izibalo zibonisa ukuthi usayizi wemakethe ye-EV yomhlaba wonke ukhula ngokushesha. Isibonelo, inani lezimoto zikagesi lenyuka lisuka 17,000 ngo-2010 kuya ku-7.2 million ngo-2019. Ngaphezu kwalokho, imakethe ye-EV kulindeleke ukuthi ifinyelele US $ 457.6 billion ngo-2023 futhi iqhubeke nokukhula ku-CAGR ka-17.02% ukuze ifinyelele e-US $858 billion ngo-2027.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, cishe 6.9 million EVs athengiswa emhlabeni wonke ngo-2021. Ama-EV kulindeleke ukuthi afinyelele ku-34% wezimoto zomhlaba wonke ngo-2028, inani elilindeleke ukuthi likhule lifinyelele ku-54% ngo-2035. Njengoba kunama-EV emgwaqeni, kunesidingo esikhulu seziteshi zokushaja.

Kusukela ngoNovemba 2022, bekukhona cishe 2.8 million iziteshi zokushaja, okulindeleke ukuthi ikhule ifinyelele ezigidini eziyi-16.83 ngo-2028. Inani lemakethe yesiteshi sokushaja izimoto zikagesi emhlabeni wonke lalilinganiselwa ku- US $ 12.41 billion ngo-2021 futhi kulindeleke ukuthi ikhuphuke ifike ku- $142.36 billion ngo-2030, ikhule ku-CAGR yama-31.14%. Lezi zibalo zibonisa amandla angempela ebhizinisi lokushaja i-EV.

Izinto eziqhuba isidingo somhlaba wonke seziteshi zokushaja ze-EV

Kunezici eziningi eziqhuba isidingo seziteshi zokushaja ze-EV. Lokhu kubandakanya:

• Isidingo esikhulayo emhlabeni wonke sama-EV, okuhumushela ekufuneni okuphezulu kwama-EVs Amashaja e-EV neziteshi zokushaja
• Izinqubomgomo zikahulumeni ezisekelayo kanye nezibonelelo ezikhuthaza ukufakwa kwengqalasizinda eshajayo
• Intuthuko kubuchwepheshe bokushaja, okufaka isivinini sokushaja esisheshayo nokushaja okungenantambo.
• Ukuhlanganiswa okungeziwe kwengqalasizinda eshajayo nemithombo yamandla avuselelekayo, njengamandla elanga nawomoya. Lokhu kusizile ekunciphiseni ukukhishwa kwekhabhoni, okubalulekile uma kubhekwa ukuqwashisa okuphezulu kwabathengi ngokushintsha kwesimo sezulu kanye nezinkinga zemvelo.

Izinhlobo zeziteshi zokushaja ze-EV ezitholakala emakethe

Kunezinhlobo ezintathu eziyinhloko zeziteshi zokushaja ze-EV, ezihlukaniswa njengamaleveli 1 kuya ku-3 futhi ezibonakala ngamakhono nezimfuneko zokushaja ezihlukene.

Iziteshi zokushaja zeLeveli 1 EV

Iziteshi zokushaja zeLeveli 1 EV ziwuhlobo olulula kakhulu lwesiteshi sokushaja futhi zidonsa amandla endaweni yokuphuma ejwayelekile engu-120-volt AC. Bashaja imoto ngenani lamamayela angu-3 ukuya kwangu-5 ngehora futhi ngokuvamile asetshenziselwa ukushaja endaweni yokuhlala noma ezindaweni lapho ama-EV apaka khona isikhathi eside, njengezindawo zokusebenza noma amahhotela. Futhi, asetshenziswa kakhulu ezimotweni zikagesi eziyi-hybrid (PHEVs).

Iziteshi zokushaja zeLeveli 2 EV

Amasistimu wokushaja weLeveli 2 EV khipha amandla ku-240-volt AC outlet, okubenza babe namandla kakhulu kuneziteshi zeleveli 1. Umthamo wabo wokushaja ubenza bakwazi ukushaja i-EV ebangeni lamamayela angu-12 kuya kwangu-80 ngehora, okusho ukuthi ingashaja ngokugcwele phakathi kwamahora angu-6 kuya kwangu-12. Ngenxa yalokho, ibhekwa njengelungele izindawo zomphakathi, njengamagaraji okupaka, izikhungo zokudayisa, nezakhiwo zokuhlala.

Iziteshi zokushaja zeLeveli 3 EV

Iziteshi zokushaja zeLevel 3 EV zaziwa nangokuthi ukushaja okusheshayo kwamanje okuqondile (DCFC) iziteshi. Iziteshi zokushaja ezishesha kakhulu emakethe njengoba zisebenzisa ugesi we-DC ukushaja amabhethri e-EV. Iziteshi ze-DCFC zisebenzisa amandla kagesi angu-400-900-volt futhi zingashaja i-EV ngamamayela angu-3 ukuya kwangu-20 ngomzuzu. Ngakho-ke, zilungele izilungiselelo zezinkampani, izindawo zomphakathi, nezitobhi zokuhamba zemigwaqo emikhulu.

Izinto okufanele uzicabangele lapho uqala ibhizinisi lokushaja i-EV

Izinkampani nosomabhizinisi abaqondise embonini yokushaja i-EV kumele bacabangele izici ezahlukahlukene lapho besungula amabhizinisi abo. Lokhu kubandakanya:

1) Ukunquma indawo yesiteshi sokushaja namandla

Ukucatshangelwa kokuqala indawo namandla, okuyizici ezibalulekile zempumelelo yebhizinisi lokushaja i-EV. Isibonelo, isiteshi kufanele sibe endaweni enezimoto eziningi ezibonakala kahle, zifinyeleleke kalula, futhi zibe lula kubanikazi be-EV. Kufanele futhi ibe nezindawo zokupaka ezanele ukuze kuhlinzekwe indawo ephephile nevikelekile ukuze abanikazi be-EV bapake futhi bakhokhise izimoto zabo.

Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi umthamo wesiteshi sokushaja unquma inani lamachweba ashajayo kanye nesivinini sokushaja esidingekayo ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nezidingo zamakhasimende ahlosiwe.

2) Ukukhetha impahla yokushaja efanele

Uhlobo lwemishini ekhethiwe kufanele luhlangabezane nezidingo zamakhasimende okuhlosiwe. Isibonelo, okokusebenza kufanele kuhambisane namamodeli e-EV yamakhasimende okuqondiwe, ikakhulukazi njengoba angase adinge izinhlobo ezahlukene zokushaja. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kubalulekile ukucabangela ukulinganisa, ukuthembeka, ukusebenza kahle nezici zokuphepha kwemishini.

Ukukhetha okokusebenza okungalungile okungawasizi wonke amakhasimende kungalimaza isithunzi sebhizinisi kanye nenzuzo. Izibonelo zokucatshangelwa lapho ukhetha imishini zifaka:

• Isivinini sokushaja
• Izinhlobo zamachweba
• Ukuhambisana nezinhlobo ezahlukene ze-EVs

3) Ukuthola izimvume namalayisense adingekayo

Uma uqala i Isiteshi sokushaja i-EV ibhizinisi, kubalulekile ukucwaninga imithethonqubo edingekayo edingekayo endaweni okuhlosiwe. Osomabhizinisi nezinkampani eziqondise leli thuba lebhizinisi kufanele baxhumane neziphathimandla zendawo ukuze baqinisekise ukuthotshelwa komthetho futhi bathole zonke izimvume namalayisense.

4) Ukunquma umthombo wemali

Lokhu kucatshangelwa kuhlanganisa ukubalwa kwezindleko eziphelele zokuqalisa ibhizinisi lokushaja i-EV, njengezindleko zokufaka, ukuthengwa kwezinto zokusebenza, nezindleko zokusebenza. Lokhu kulandelwa ukunquma umthombo wemali, njengokulondolozwa komuntu siqu, imalimboleko, izibonelelo, noma abatshalizimali, njll.

5) Ukuthuthukisa isu lokumaketha kanye nenkonzo yamakhasimende

Kuleli qophelo, kubalulekile ukwenza uhlelo lokukhuthaza ibhizinisi lokushaja i-EV kumakhasimende angaba khona futhi liwanikeze ulwazi oluhle. Okunye okucatshangelwayo okuyinhloko kuhlanganisa:

• Ukuqonda izidingo nezintandokazi zekhasimende, njengohlobo lwe-EV abayishayelayo, imikhuba yabo yokushaja, nezindlela zabo zokukhokha abazithandayo
• Ukuthuthukisa ukwakheka kwamanani okuncintisana nokungenzeleli
• Ukuqinisekisa ukutholakala nokufinyeleleka okungu-24/7
• Ukusungula nokugcina isevisi yamakhasimende esabelayo newusizo

6) Ukuhlala unolwazi lwakamuva ngezitayela zemboni

Isici sokugcina sokuqinisekisa impumelelo yebhizinisi ukuhlala unolwazi lwakamuva ngezindaba zemboni, izitayela, kanye nentuthuko. Lokhu kuqinisekisa ukuqwashisa ngamathrendi akamuva embonini nentuthuko yezobuchwepheshe ekushajweni kwe-EV. Izinto okufanele uzibheke zihlanganisa:

• Izinguquko zokulawula
• Intuthuko yemakethe
• Okuthandwayo kwamakhasimende okuvelayo

Izigaba zemakethe okufanele ziqondiswe

Ibhizinisi lokushaja i-EV kufanele liqondise amasegimenti emakethe ahlukene ngokusekelwe ezidingweni zamakhasimende futhi lilungise amasevisi abo ukuze ahlangabezane nalezi zidingo. Isibonelo, amabhizinisi angakhetha ukufaka ingqalasizinda yokushaja yeleveli 1 ye-EV kumakhasimende okuhlala ukuze akwazi ukushaja ama-EV awo ngobusuku obubodwa. Ngokuphambene, ezinye zingase zinikeze izixazululo zokushaja ezikuleveli 2 ezindaweni ezifana namahhotela nezindawo zokudlela, lapho amakhasimende azopaka khona isikhathi eside.

Izibonelo zamasegimenti emakethe ahlukene okufanele icatshangelwe lapho kuchazwa ikhasimende elifanelekile lebhizinisi lokushaja i-EV yilezi:

• Abantu abazimele abangabanikazi noma abaqashisa ama-EV
• Izindawo zokusebenza nezindawo oya kuzo, njengamahhotela nezindawo zokudlela
• Amanethiwekhi okushaja asesidlangalaleni
• Abaqhubi bemikhumbi yezentengiselwano, njengamatekisi nezinkampani ezigibelayo

Isiphetho

Ukwanda kokuthandwa kwama-EV kudala isidingo esikhulu sokushaja amabhizinisi. Ukhiye wokuqala kanye nokusebenzisa ibhizinisi eliphumelelayo lokushaja i-EV ukuqonda imakethe eqondiwe kanye nokuhlela ibhizinisi lakho lesiteshi sokushaja ngokusekelwe ezidingweni zamathemba nalokho okuthandwayo. Lolu lwazi lungasiza ekunqumeni indawo ekahle kakhulu, izindleko, uhlobo lwemishini, namanani entengo.

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