Okuqukethwe
● Isingeniso
● Uhlolojikelele lwemakethe
● Idizayini eyinhloko, ezobuchwepheshe, nezinto ezintsha eziqanjiwe
● Abathengisi abaphezulu abashayela amathrendi emakethe
● Isiphetho
Isingeniso
Ukuvela kwezibani zezimoto kubumba kabusha kakhulu imboni yezibani zezimoto, kuthuthukise ukusebenza, ukonga kwamandla, kanye nokusebenza okusha. Intuthuko yesimanje, ikakhulukazi kubuchwepheshe be-LED, iholele ekukhanyeni okuphezulu, ukuphila okude, nokusetshenziswa kwamandla okuphansi kunama-incandescent endabuko nama-halogen bulb. Ukuhlanganiswa ne-inthanethi Yezinto (IoT) kanye nezinhlelo zokukhanyisa ezihlakaniphile kuye kwashintsha kakhulu imakethe, okuvumela izici ezifana nesilawuli kude, ukukhanya okuguquguqukayo, nokuphepha okuthuthukisiwe. Lokhu kuphumelela kwezobuchwepheshe kuhambisana nemithetho eqinile kahulumeni ehloselwe ukunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwamandla kanye nemikhondo yekhabhoni futhi ihambisane nesidingo esikhulayo sabathengi sezixazululo zokukhanyisa ezizinzile nezisezingeni eliphezulu. Imakethe ibona ukukhula okubalulekile, okuqhutshwa yilezi zinto ezintsha kanye nokuguqukela emikhiqizweni eyonga amandla, ukuguqula ukusebenza nokuklama embonini yezimoto.
Ukubukwa kwemakethe
Imakethe yesibani sezimoto emhlabeni wonke, ikakhulukazi ukukhanyisa kwe-LED, yalinganiselwa ku-USD 81.48 billion ngo-2023 futhi kulindeleke ukuthi ikhule ngesilinganiso sokukhula sonyaka esihlanganisiwe (CAGR) sika-11.0% ukusuka ngo-2023 kuya ku-2030, ngokusho kweGrand View Research. Lokhu kukhula okuphawulekayo kuqhutshwa ukwanda kwemisebenzi yokwakha kuzo zombili izifunda ezithuthukisiwe nezisathuthuka, kanye nemithetho kahulumeni esekelayo okuhloswe ngayo ukunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwamandla ngokwamukelwa kwezixazululo zokukhanyisa ezonga amandla. Imakethe ihlukaniswe yaba yizinhlobo ezimbalwa zomkhiqizo ezibalulekile: i-LED, i-halogen, i-incandescent, namalambu e-compact fluorescent (CFL). Phakathi kwalokhu, amalambu e-LED abusa imakethe ngenxa yokusebenza kahle kwawo kwamandla kanye nempilo ende
Imithetho kahulumeni ekhuthaza ukukhanya okuwonga ugesi iyimbangela eyinhloko yokukhula kwemakethe. Ohulumeni emhlabeni wonke basebenzisa imithetho eqinile yokuqeda izinhlelo zokukhanyisa ezingasebenzi kahle, okwandisa isidingo sobuchwepheshe bokukhanyisa obusezingeni eliphezulu. Isibonelo, uMnyango Wezamandla wase-US ulinganisela ukuthi ukwamukelwa okubanzi kwezibani ze-LED ngo-2027 kungasindisa cishe u-348 TWh kagesi, okulingana nokuphuma kukagesi kwaminyaka yonke kwezikhungo zamandla kagesi ezinkulu ezingama-44. E-China, imakethe yezibani ze-LED kulindeleke ukuthi ikhule ku-CAGR ka-11.4% ukusuka ngo-2023 kuya ku-2030, ngokusho kweGrand View Research. Intuthuko yezobuchwepheshe, njengokuhlanganiswa kwe-inthanethi Yezinto (IoT) kanye nezinhlelo zokukhanyisa ezihlakaniphile, nazo ziyizishayeli ezibalulekile, ezinikeza ukusebenza okuthuthukisiwe njengokulawula okukude nokukhanyisa okuguquguqukayo.
Idizayini eyinhloko, ubuchwepheshe, kanye nokuqanjwa kwempahla
Ubuchwepheshe be-LED
Ubuchwepheshe be-LED buguqule ukukhanya kwemoto ngokunikeza ukuphila isikhathi eside, ukusebenza kahle kwamandla, kanye nezinzuzo ezibalulekile zemvelo. Ngokusho kweGrand View Research, izibani ze-LED zingahlala amahora afinyelela ku-50,000, cishe izikhathi ezingama-50 ubude kunama-incandescent bulbs. Ukusebenza kahle kwabo kwamandla akuqhathaniswa, njengoba zisebenzisa amandla angaphansi kwama-80% kunezixazululo zokukhanyisa ezivamile, kunciphisa kakhulu izindleko zamandla kanye nezinyathelo zekhabhoni. Ukuhlanganiswa kwe-IoT nezinhlelo zokukhanyisa ezihlakaniphile kuye kwathuthukisa kakhulu ukusebenza kwama-LED ama-bulb. Lezi zinhlelo zivumela ukulawula okukude, ukukhanya okuguquguqukayo, nokuqapha ukusetshenziswa kwamandla, okwenza ukukhanya kwemoto kusebenze kahle futhi kusebenziseke kalula. Ukuthuthuka kwamazinga okushisa ombala we-LED nekhwalithi yokukhanya nakho kube nomthelela ekudumeni kwawo. Ama-LED esimanje ahlinzeka ngezinhlobonhlobo zamazinga okushisa ombala, kusukela kokumhlophe okufudumele kuya kokupholile, ahlinzeka ngokubonakala okungcono kanye nolwazi lokukhanyisa olwenziwe ngokwezifiso kubashayeli. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ama-LED aklanywa ngobuchwepheshe obuthuthukisiwe bokulahla ukushisa, obuthuthukisa ukusebenza kwawo nempilo yawo, okuwenza athembeke nakakhulu ezinhlelweni zezimoto.
Ukuthuthukiswa kwe-halogen ne-incandescent
Ngenkathi ama-LED ebusa imakethe, ukuthuthukiswa kwezibani ze-halogen kanye ne-incandescent kuhlala kusebenza ezinhlelweni ezithile. Amalambu e-halogen athuthukisiwe anikeza ukusebenza kahle okuphezulu nokukhanya okukhanyayo, okuwenza alungele izibani zangaphambili zemoto nezinye izinhlelo zokusebenza ezinembayo. Ngokusho kwe-Just Energy, ama-halogen bulbs asebenzisa i-tungsten filament esebenza ezingeni lokushisa eliphakeme, okuholela ekukhanyeni okungcono kwekhwalithi kanye nempilo ende kunama-incandescent avamile. Ukuqanjwa kwama-incandescent bulbs, okufana nezinto ezithuthukisiwe zefilament nezingxube zegesi ezingcono, kunwebe ukusetshenziswa kwazo ezimakethe ze-niche ezidinga izici ezithile zokukhanyisa. Lokhu kuthuthukiswa kufaka phakathi ama-filaments ahlala isikhathi eside kanye nobuchwepheshe be-vacuum obuthuthukisiwe noma bokugcwalisa igesi, okusiza ukwelula impilo yama-bulb futhi kuthuthukise ukusebenza kwawo ngaphansi kwezimo ezihlukile. Ukwengeza, ama-halogen esimanje kanye nama-incandescent bulbs aklanywa ngezinto eziqinile nezingashisi, okuwenza afaneleke kakhulu endaweni efuna ukukhanya kwemoto.
Izibani ze-fluorescent ezihlangene (CFLs)
I-Compact Fluorescent Lamps (CFLs) ibone izithuthukisi zokusebenza ezinciphisa ukucwayiza futhi zithuthukise ikhwalithi yokukhanya, okuwenza abe inketho esebenzayo yokukhanyisa imoto. Ngokusho kwe-Saving Light Bulbs, ama-CFL esimanje anama-ballast e-electronic azinzisa ukusebenza kwesibani, asuse ukucwayiza okubonwa kumamodeli amadala. Lokhu kuthuthukiswa kobuchwepheshe nokujwayela kokuklama okuvumela ama-CFL ukuthi alingane nezibani ezihlukahlukene kuye kwandise ukwamukelwa kwazo ezinhlelweni zokusebenza lapho kudingeka khona ukukhanya okuhlala isikhathi eside, okuzinzile. Ama-CFL nawo awonga kakhulu amandla kunama-incandescent bulb, anikeza ukonga amandla okubalulekile esikhathini sokusebenza kwawo. Ukwengeza, ukuthuthuka kokumbozwa kwe-phosphor kuholele ekunikezeni umbala okungcono kanye nokuphuma kokukhanya okungaguquki okuvela kuma-CFL, okuwenza athandeke kakhulu ukuthi asetshenziswe kukho kokubili ukukhanya kwemoto yangaphakathi nangaphandle. Ukuthuthukiswa kwama-CFL acimeka kanye nalawo anezikhathi zokuqalisa ngokushesha kuye kwanweba ukusebenza kwawo, kuhlinzeka ngokuguquguquka okwengeziwe nokusebenza ezixazululweni zokukhanyisa kwezimoto.
Ubuchwepheshe obusafufusa
Ubuchwepheshe obusafufusa buqhubezela phambili imingcele yokukhanyisa izimoto. I-Light Fidelity (i-LiFi) ubuchwepheshe obusha obusebenzisa izibani ze-LED ekuxhumaneni kwedatha ngesivinini esikhulu. Lobu buchwepheshe bungaguqula ukukhanya kwemoto kube indawo yokudlulisa idatha, kuthuthukise ukuxhumana nokusebenza. Izixazululo zokukhanyisa ezakhelwe ngaphakathi ziya zithandwa kakhulu, zihlanganisa izibani ngaphandle komthungo phakathi kwezimoto nangaphandle, zithuthukisa ubuhle nokusebenza. Izibani ezakhelwe ngaphakathi ziwusizo ikakhulukazi emiklamo yezimoto zesimanje, lapho ukukhanya okukhanyayo, okungabonakali kuyadingeka. Ngokwe-Economic Times, intuthuko enjalo kubuchwepheshe bokukhanyisa ibeka izindinganiso ezintsha embonini, ivula indlela yezinhlelo zokukhanyisa izimoto ezihlakaniphile nezisebenza kahle. Obunye ubuchwepheshe obusafufusa buhlanganisa imiklamo ye-optical ethuthukisiwe ethuthukisa ukusatshalaliswa kokukhanya nokuqina, kanye nokusetshenziswa kwama-LED aphilayo (ama-OLED) anikeza izinketho zokukhanyisa eziguquguqukayo, ezincane, nezingasindi. Lezi zinqubo ezintsha zandisa amathuba edizayini yokukhanyisa imoto, okuvumela izixazululo zokukhanyisa ezihlakaniphile nezisebenzayo ezingavumelana nezidingo eziguqukayo zemboni yezimoto.
Abathengisi abaphezulu abashayela amathrendi emakethe
Ukubusa kwe-LED
Amalambu e-LED asephenduke amandla amakhulu ekukhanyeni kwezimoto ngenxa yokusebenza kwawo okukhethekile kanye nokusebenza kahle kwamandla. Amamodeli e-LED ahamba phambili, njenge-Philips X-tremeVision ne-OSRAM Night Breaker, anikeza ukukhanya okuphakeme nokuphila okunwetshiwe, okuwenza abe izinqumo ezidumile phakathi kwabathengi. Lawa ma-bulb asebenzisa amandla afika kwangu-80% angaphansi kunama-incandescent bulbs, ehlisa kakhulu izindleko zamandla kanye nezinyathelo ze-carbon, ngokusho kwe-Just Energy. Izintandokazi zabathengi zishintshela kuma-LED ngokuthembeka kwawo, ukuqina, kanye nekhono lokukhiqiza amazinga okushisa ahlukahlukene emibala, okuthuthukisa ukubonakala nokuphepha emgwaqeni. Ukuguquguquka nokuthuthuka okusheshayo kubuchwepheshe be-LED kuyaqhubeka nokuqhuba ukukhula kwemakethe nokubeka amazinga amasha okukhanyisa izimoto. Ukwengeza, ukuhlanganiswa kwezici ezihlakaniphile, njengokuxhumana kwe-Wi-Fi nezinhlelo zokukhanyisa eziguquguqukayo, kuphinde kwaqinisa isikhundla sama-LED njengenketho ephezulu yokukhanyisa kwezimoto zesimanje.
Izibani ze-halogen ezimotweni
Naphezu kokukhula kobuchwepheshe be-LED, ama-halogen ama-halogen ahlala edumile ezisetshenziswa zezimoto, ikakhulukazi ezilambuni zezimoto. Amamodeli aphezulu afana no-Sylvania SilverStar Ultra kanye ne-GE Nighthawk baziwa ngokugqama, ukukhanya okumhlophe nokufinyeleleka kalula. Ama-halogen bulb, aziwa ngosayizi wawo ohlangene kanye nokukhanya okuphezulu, akhethwa ngenxa yekhono lawo lokukhiqiza ukukhanya kwemvelo okulingisa ngokuseduze ukukhanya kwasemini. Lokhu kuzenza zilungele izimo zokushayela ezidinga ukubonakala okubukhali. Ngokusho kwe-Just Energy, ama-halogen bulb nawo abiza kakhulu ngaphambili uma kuqhathaniswa nama-LED, okuwenza abe yisinqumo esiwusizo kubathengi abaningi. Isikhathi sabo sokuqala esisheshayo nokuhambisana nezinhlelo zokukhanyisa izimoto ezikhona kuthuthukisa ukuqhubeka kwabo nokusetshenziswa kwabo embonini yezimoto. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izinto ezintsha zobuchwepheshe be-halogen, ezifana nezingxube zegesi ezithuthukisiwe nezinto ezingcono ze-filament, zithuthukise ukusebenza kwazo nempilo yazo, zigcina zibalulekile emakethe.
Izibani ezikhethekile
Amalambu akhethekile abhekelela izimakethe ze-niche ezinezinhlelo ezintsha zokusebenza, ikakhulukazi kuzilungiselelo zezimboni nezokwelapha. Isibonelo, amalambu e-ultraviolet (UV) asetshenziselwa ukuvala inzalo nokubulala amagciwane ezikhungweni zezokwelapha, kuyilapho amalambu e-infrared (IR) abalulekile ezinqubweni zezimboni ezifana nokwelapha nokushisisa. Ngokusho kwe-Economic Times, ama-bulb akhethekile afana nama-LED anikwe amandla yi-LiFi, asebenzisa ukukhanya ekuxhumaneni kwedatha, avela njengezixazululo ezisezingeni eliphezulu kuzo zombili izindawo zezimboni nezohwebo. Lawa ma-bulb ahlinzeka ngemisebenzi ehlukile edlula ukukhanya okuyisisekelo, ehlinzeka ngezinhlelo zokusebenza ezibucayi ezisekela izidingo zokusebenza zezimboni ezihlukahlukene. Emkhakheni wezimoto, amalambu akhethekile afana namalambu okukhipha amandla aphezulu (HID) namalambu e-xenon athola amandla ngenxa yokukhanya kwawo okuphakeme nokusebenza kahle. Ukuthuthukiswa okuqhubekayo kwezixazululo zokukhanyisa okukhethekile kugcizelela isimo esiguquguqukayo semakethe yokukhanyisa kanye nekhono layo lokuhlangabezana nezidingo ezihlukahlukene nezikhethekile, ukuqinisekisa ukuthi izidingo ezithile zokukhanyisa zibhekwa ngokuphumelelayo.
Isiphetho
Imakethe yesibani sezimoto ibhekene nokukhula okuguquguqukayo okuqhutshwa intuthuko yezobuchwepheshe kanye nokusekelwa ngokomthetho, okubeka isiteji sokuqamba okusha okuqhubekayo kanye nezixazululo zokukhanyisa ezithuthukisiwe. Ukukhuphuka kobuchwepheshe be-LED, ukuthuthukiswa kwama-halogen nama-incandescent ama-bulb, nokuvela kwezicelo zokukhanyisa okukhethekile kuguqula imboni. Njengoba okuthandwa ngabathengi kushintshela ezindlekweni zokukhanyisa ezisebenza kahle neziguquguqukayo, futhi njengoba izinhlaka zokulawula zikhuthaza ukongiwa kwamandla, imakethe isimi ngomumo wokwanda okuqhubekayo. Lezi zenzakalo zithembisa ukuletha ukusebenza okuphakeme, ukuphepha okuthuthukisiwe, kanye namandla amakhulu, ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ukukhanya kwezimoto kuyaqhubeka nokushintsha futhi kuthuthuke.
