Indlela Yokukhetha Imishini Yokuhlanza Amanzi Yezimboni

Ngayo yonke intuthuko kwezobuchwepheshe, ukuyisebenzisela ukwelashwa kwamanzi kubalulekile. Akungabazeki ukuthi izinga lamanzi atholakalayo lingaba eliyingqayizivele. Ikakhulukazi kule nkathi lapho amanzi eyivelakancane emithonjeni yemvelo ngenxa yokufudumala kwembulunga yonke kanye nokugcinwa okungalungile kwezindawo zemvelo, ukwelashwa kwamanzi kufanele kwenziwe ngobuchwepheshe obungcono kakhulu. Lesi sihloko sizogxila ezinhlotsheni zemishini yokuhlanza amanzi, amandla ayo okukhula, kanye nendlela yamanje yemakethe. Izophinde igqamise izici ezibalulekile okufanele zicatshangelwe lapho uthenga imishini yokuhlanza amanzi.

Okuqukethwe
Imishini yokuhlanza amanzi: isabelo semakethe kanye nesidingo
Amathiphu abalulekile okufanele uwacabangele lapho uthenga imishini yokuhlanza amanzi
Izinhlobo zemishini yokuhlanza amanzi
Imakethe eqondiwe yemishini yokuhlanza amanzi

Imishini yokuhlanza amanzi: isabelo semakethe kanye nesidingo

Isabelo semakethe samanje semishini yokuhlanza amanzi siyi $ 24.6 billion. Phakathi kwezinto ezisafufusa kubalwa ukuhlanzwa kwamanzi atholwe ekukhishweni kukasawoti emanzini kanye nokusetshenziswa kabusha kwamanzi, okungandisa isibalo sabantu abathola amanzi ahlanzekile. 1.2 billion abantu okwamanje abakwazi ukuthola amanzi ahlanzekile emhlabeni jikelele. Okunye 1.6 billion ukubhekana nokushoda kokusekelwa ngokomnotho kokutholakala kwamanzi. Ukwanda kwenani labantu emhlabeni wonke kuye kwaholela ekuthuthukisweni kobuchwepheshe obuningana bokuqeda ukoma komhlaba wonke.

Amathiphu abalulekile okufanele uwacabangele lapho uthenga imishini yokuhlanza amanzi

Inkinga yekhwalithi yamanzi

Izinga lamanzi kufanele liphenywe ngaphambi kokuthenga imishini yokuhlanza amanzi. Lokhu kwenziwa elabhorethri yokuhlola amanzi eqinisekisiwe. Ukuhlola kungabandakanya ukuhlolwa kwamagciwane, ukuhlolwa komthofu, nokuhlolwa kwe-manganese/insimbi. Umshini okhethekile wokuhlanza amanzi ungatholwa ngokusekelwe olwazini lwalawo manzi.

Isixazululo esifanelekile senkinga ekhona

Uma inkinga yamanzi isibonakala ngokugcwele, kubalulekile ukuyifanisa nesixazululo esifanele. Lokhu bese kusiza amabhizinisi ukuthi abone umshini wokuhlanza amanzi awuthanda kakhulu. Isibonelo, amanzi abolayo, i-copper lead, nokuvuza kwe-pinhole kungalashwa ngokumiswa kwe-asidi, kuyilapho ama-sulfate, ama-nitrate, ne-arsenic angelashwa ngokushintshaniswa kwe-anion.

Izindleko zemishini yokuhlanza amanzi

Izindleko zokuhlanza amanzi zincike ezidingweni zokwelashwa ngaphambi kwesikhathi, ukufakwa, kanye neyunithi yokwelapha. Izinsiza ezifana nezihlungi zingabiza ngaphansi kwalokho $20, kuyilapho amayunithi e-osmosis ehlehlayo kanye ne-distillation ebiza phakathi I-$ 300 ne-$ 2000. Isistimu yokubulala amagciwane ekukhanyeni kwe-ultraviolet enenzwa yokuqina kokukhanya ibiza phakathi I-$ 400 ne-$ 1000. 

Amasu okuthengisa kanzima

Abathengisi abavelele bangase babe ochwepheshe ekusebenziseni amasu okuthengisa kanzima nokwenza ukuthengisa okusheshayo. Lokhu kungalimaza umthengi omusha ngoba kumvala amehlo ekwenzeni isinqumo esiphusile. Amabhizinisi kufanele agweme abathengisi abasheshayo ukwenza ukuthengisa ngaphandle kokuqonda izidingo zomthengi.

Izidingo zesondlo

Ngaphambi kokuthenga imishini yokuhlanza amanzi, amabhizinisi kufanele aqaphele izindleko zokulungisa njengoba zingase ziphakame njengezindleko zokuthenga. Ukunakekelwa okuvamile kuyodingeka ukuze kucatshangelwe ukuthi imishini izofeza injongo yayo ngokuphumelelayo nangesikhathi eside.

Ukusetshenziswa kwezimboni noma ekhaya

Imishini yokuhlanza amanzi ezosetshenziswa ezimbonini izoba nomthamo omkhulu phakathi 2,000 - 50,000 amalitha ngosuku futhi athathe kuze 100 m². Ngaphezu kwalokhu, izosebenzisa ubuchwepheshe bamuva nje njengamasistimu okubulala amagciwane e-ultraviolet. Imishini yokuhlanza amanzi ekhaya izoba namandla aphakathi 200 kanye ne-1000 amalitha ngosuku. Amabhizinisi angakhetha imishini efaneleke kakhulu ngokusekelwe ekusetshenzisweni okuhlosiwe.

Amandla okusebenza

Umthamo wokusebenza ubhekisela enanini lamalitha ahlanzwa ngehora. Ngokuya ngevolumu yebhizinisi, kunemishini yokuhlanza amanzi yezimboni engakwazi ukucubungula I-3000 LPH. Lezi zilungele amabhizinisi amakhulu. Amanye amabhizinisi angakhetha imishini enomthamo we I-250 LPH.

Izinhlobo zemishini yokuhlanza amanzi

Reverse osmosis izinhlelo

Reverse osmosis izinhlelo sefa izinhlayiya ezingama-micrometer angu-0.01 noma ngaphezulu.

Izici:

• Ithembele kumaphampu anengcindezi ephezulu.
• Amanzi anomfutho ophakeme aphushwa ngolwelwesi olungena kancane, ashiye amanzi ahlanzekile, anambitheka kangcono.

buhle:

• Iphephile futhi ayihambisani nemvelo.
• Ihlunga ukungcola okuningi.
• Inikeza amanzi angcono okupheka.

bawo:

• Imosha amanzi amaningi.
• Kukhona ukwehla kwengcindezi okubonakalayo.
• Amanzi angcolile adinga ukulahlwa okufanele.

I-vacuum evaporation kanye ne-distillation

I-vacuum evaporation kanye ne-distillation kuhilela ukwehlisa ukucindezela kukholomu ngaphezu kwe-solvent ukuze udale i-vacuum futhi uvumele izakhi ezinengcindezi ephansi ukuba zihwamuke.

Izici:

• Inqubo incike ekushiseni okubilayo kwamanzi ngomfutho womoya.
• I-vacuum evaporation isetshenziselwa ukwandisa ukugxila kwezinto ezincibilikisiwe emanzini.

buhle:

• Ukusetshenziswa kwamandla okuphansi.
• Izinga eliphezulu le-distillate.
• Kulula ukunakekela nokuhlanganiswa namasistimu akhona.
• Ingasebenza ngokuzenzakalelayo.

bawo:

• Ukushintshashintsha kwezinga lokushisa kungase kuthinte izinga lokuhwamuka.
• Ukusabela kwamakhemikhali okulimazayo kungenzeka.
• Umfutho womhwamuko ophansi wehlisa izinga lokugeleza komhwamuko.

Amasistimu we-Ultrafiltration

I-Ultrafiltration isebenzisa ukuhlungwa kolwelwesi olulodwa ukuze kukhishwe amagciwane, amagciwane, ama-colloid, nokunye ukungcola emanzini.

Izici:

• Ubukhulu bembobo busuka ku-0.02 kuye ku-0.05 microns.
• Inqubo yokuhlanza ibonakala ngokukhishwa okuphezulu kwama-colloid, amagciwane, namagciwane.

buhle:

• Ukusetshenziswa kwamandla okuphansi uma kuqhathaniswa ne-osmosis ehlehlayo kanye ne-nanofiltration.
• Ishibhile uma kuqhathaniswa.
• Ukususwa kwama-bacterium kwenza i-disinfection.
• Amanzi anekhwalithi engcono kakhulu akhiqizwa ngenani elincane lamandla.

bawo:

• Ayikwazi ukususa ama-inorganics ancibilikisiwe.
• Angeke isetshenziselwe ukwenza usawoti emanzini.

Ama-centrifuges esitsha esiqinile

Okuqinile isitsha se-centrifuge isebenzisa amandla e-centrifugal ukuhlukanisa izingxenye ezihlukahlukene ku-solvent.

Izici:

• Inomhlangano ojikelezayo ohlanganisa i-rotor eyi-centrifuge evundlile kanye nesihambisi sokuskrola.
• Uketshezi lujikiswa ngesivinini esikhulu ukuletha ukuhlukana.

buhle:

• Amashubhu e-Centrifugation afakwa inzalo kalula futhi angcoliswe.
• Kuyindlela ephumelela kakhulu kunokushintshaniswa kwe-diafiltration kanye ne-ion.

bawo:

• Inomthamo wesampula olinganiselwe we-centrifuge.
• Ama-solids angase akheke, abangele ukuncipha kokushoda kokucacisa.

Izihlungi zombhede wephepha

Izihlungi zombhede wephepha sebenzisa amandla adonsela phansi futhi usebenzise imidiya yephepha ehlala njalo noma elahlwayo ukuhlunga amanzi. 

Izici:

• Basusa izinto eziqinile kuzo zonke izinto eziwuketshezi ezigeleza mahhala zezimboni.
• Ama-pores we-barrier angaba ama-microns angu-40 noma ngaphansi.

buhle:

• Ashibhile ukuwathola nokuyinakekela.
• Kulula ukuzisebenzisa.

bawo:

• Ukushintshwa kwezihlungi ezivalekile kungase kubize ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. 
• Imfucuza yamanzi idinga ukulahlwa okufanele ukuze kuvikelwe izingozi zemvelo.

Izihlungi ze-vacuum

Izihlungi ze-vacuum zisetshenziselwa ukuhlunga kwe-vacuum elabhorethri. Lolu hlelo lusebenzisa iphampu yokudonsa ukuze inqobe ukumelana nolwelwesi. 

Izici:

• Inephampu yokuhlunga i-vacuum ukuze imunce umoya.
• Inkomishi yokuhlunga isetshenziselwa ukubamba uketshezi oluhlungiwe.
• Inekhava yenkomishi yokumunca uketshezi okuzenzakalelayo ukumboza isincibilikisi ngemva kokuhlunga.

buhle:

• Ukuhlunga kwediski okuqhubekayo.
• Izakhi ezihlukahlukene zokwakha zingasetshenziswa.
• Kulula ukulawula imingcele yokuhlunga njengokuqina kwekhekhe lokuhlunga.

bawo:

• Kunomswakama ophezulu oyinsalela ongena ekhekheni.
• Isakhiwo asinawo umoya.

Izihlukanisi zamafutha e-Tramp

Izihlukanisi zamafutha e-Tramp susa amafutha e-tramp akhululekile futhi ahlakazeke ngomshini, ama-emulsion, i-slime, namagciwane. 

Izici:

• Bathuthukisa ukuhlanzeka komoya lapho besetshenziswa khona.
• Zisebenza kahle ngama-coolants.

buhle:

• Banciphisa ukulahlwa kwemfucuza okuyingozi.
• Azidingi ukunakekelwa okuncane.
• Angakwazi ukugaywa kabusha.

bawo:

• Angakwazi ukuvaleka ngokushesha.
• Azisebenzi kahle ngamanzi anolaka ngoba isenzo samagagasi sizovumela amanzi amaningi kunamafutha.

Imakethe eqondiwe yemishini yokuhlanza amanzi

Imishini yokuhlanza amanzi kulindeleke ukuthi ikhule e I-CAGR ye-6.2% eminyakeni emihlanu ezayo $ 33.2 billion. Isifunda sase-Asia Pacific singumthengi omkhulu wemishini yokuhlanza amanzi futhi kulindeleke ukuthi sigcine isikhundla saso. Ukwenyuka kwesibalo sabantu kanye nokuqwashisa okwengeziwe ngokusetshenziswa kwamanzi aphephile kuzoqinisekisa ukuthi kugcina ukuhola. 

Isiphetho

Lesi sihloko sizosiza ekukhetheni imishini efanelekile yokuhlanza amanzi ezimbonini. Akungabazeki ukuthi kulula ukudideka mayelana nokuthi yini okufanele uyikhethe. Siphinde sahlanganisa izici okufanele zicatshangelwe lapho uthenga imishini yokuhlanza amanzi ezimbonini kanye nokukhula okulindelekile ezifundeni ezahlukene. Hamba engxenyeni yemishini yokuhlanza amanzi Chovm.com ukuze uthole ukwaziswa okwengeziwe ngazo.