Ukuhlaziywa kwe-Industry Chain ye-China's CNC Machine Tool Industry ngo-2022

1. Uchungechunge lwezimboni

Amathuluzi omshini wokulawula izinombolo zekhompuyutha, noma amathuluzi omshini we-CNC ngamafuphi, awuhlobo lwethuluzi lomshini ozenzakalelayo elifakwe izinhlelo. Isistimu yokulawula ingacubungula ngokunengqondo izinhlelo ezicaciswe amakhodi okulawula noma ezinye iziqondiso ezingokomfanekiso bese izifaka ngekhodi efakwe kwidijithali ngesiphathi solwazi. Ngemva kokucubungula idivayisi ye-CNC, amasiginali okulawula ahlukahlukene akhishwa. Ithuluzi lomshini lilawulwa ukuze licubungule ngokuzenzakalelayo ucezu lokusebenza lube yisimo nosayizi odingwa umdwebo. Amathuluzi omshini we-CNC awuhlobo lwethuluzi lomshini ozenzakalelayo elifakwe isistimu yokulawula uhlelo, ngokuvamile ehlanganisa idivayisi yokufaka, isistimu ye-CNC, isistimu ye-servo, isistimu yokulinganisa, nomzimba wamathuluzi womshini. Eminyakeni yamuva, izinhlobo zasekhaya zaseChina zamathuluzi omshini we-CNC ziye zavela, zinesidingo esikhulu semakethe, esihehe izinhlobo eziningi zamazwe ngamazwe zezinkampani zamathuluzi emishini ye-CNC ukuthi zingene futhi zibambe imakethe yaseShayina.

Ngokombono wochungechunge lwezimboni, inhla yochungechunge lwemboni yamathuluzi omshini we-CNC ihlukaniswe ikakhulukazi izingxenye ezine: ubuchwepheshe be-CNC, izingxenye eziyinhloko zamathuluzi omshini we-CNC, izingxenye zikagesi, nezinhlelo ze-CNC. Ezansi nomfula inkundla yokusetshenziswa kwamathuluzi omshini we-CNC, asetshenziswa kakhulu emishinini yobunjiniyela, ekwakhiweni kwezimoto, ekwakhiweni kwemikhumbi, ezokuthutha ngojantshi, i-aerospace, amakhemikhali kaphethiloli, nezinye izimboni.

2. Ukuhlaziywa kwemboni ekhuphuka nomfula

Ukuthwala kuyingxenye ebalulekile kumishini yamathuluzi omshini we-CNC; umsebenzi wawo oyinhloko ukusekela umzimba ojikelezayo womshini, ukunciphisa i-coefficient yokungqubuzana phakathi nokunyakaza kwawo, nokuqinisekisa ukunemba kwawo kokujikeleza. Idatha ikhombisa ukuthi ngo-2021, ukukhiqizwa kweChina kwafinyelela kumasethi ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingama-23.3, okuwukunyuka kwama-32.7% uma kuqhathaniswa nesikhathi esifanayo ngo-2020.

Inzwa iyidivayisi ebonayo ekwazi ukuzwa ulwazi olulinganisiwe futhi iluguqule lube isignali kagesi noma olunye uhlobo oludingekayo lokukhishwa kolwazi ngokuvumelana nomthetho othile ukuze ihlangabezane nezimfuneko zokudlulisa ulwazi, ukucubungula, ukugcinwa, ukubonisa, ukurekhoda, nokulawula. Idatha ikhombisa ukuthi usayizi wemakethe yezinzwa zaseChina ukhuphuke usuka ku-169.1 billion we-RMB ngo-2017 wafinyelela ku-251.0 billion we-RMB ngo-2020, ngesilinganiso sokukhula saminyaka yonke esingu-14.1%. Ngo-2021, usayizi wemakethe wafinyelela ku-295.1 billion RMB. Ngokuqhubeka okuqhubekayo komphakathi, imboni yezinzwa iya ngokuya ihlonishwa ngokunikezwa amandla kwe-inthanethi.

3. Ukuhlaziywa kwemboni emaphakathi

3.1 Amathuluzi omshini we-CNC

Eminyakeni yamuva nje, imboni yamathuluzi emishini ye-CNC yaseChina ithuthuke ngokushesha ngokwesekwa kwezinqubomgomo zikahulumeni ezivunayo kanye nokuphishekela ukusungulwa kwamabhizinisi. Ngokusho kwedatha, usayizi wemboni yamathuluzi omshini we-CNC yaseChina ufinyelele ku-RMB eyizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingama-327 ngo-2019. Ngenxa yomthelela wobhubhane kanye nemikhawulo yokunikezwa kwamandla, usayizi wemakethe wemboni yamathuluzi omshini we-CNC waseChina wehla kancane ngo-2020, ngosayizi wemakethe wama-RMB ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingama-247.3, ukwehla konyaka nonyaka ngama-24.4%. Ngo-2021, usayizi wemakethe womkhakha wamathuluzi womshini we-CNC waseChina usubuyile futhi wafinyelela ku-RMB wezigidigidi ezingama-268.7.

Ngokombono wokusatshalaliswa komkhiqizo, isikali samathuluzi omshini wokusika insimbi we-CNC e-China sikhulu uma kuqhathaniswa, sibalwa ngaphezu kuka-50% wesilinganiso sisonke semboni yamathuluzi omshini we-CNC. Isigaba sesibili esikhulu kunazo zonke amathuluzi omshini wokwenza insimbi we-CNC, athatha cishe u-30% wesilinganiso semboni iyonke. Amathuluzi omshini wokusika insimbi imishini esebenzisa izindlela zokusika ukucubungula izikhala zensimbi zibe izingxenye zomshini. Idatha ikhombisa ukuthi ngo-2020, ukukhiqizwa kwethuluzi lomshini wokusika insimbi waseChina kwafinyelela kumayunithi angama-446,000, okuwukunyuka konyaka ngo-5.9%. Ngo-2021, ukukhiqizwa kwethuluzi lomshini wokusika insimbi waseChina kwafinyelela kumayunithi angama-602,000, okuwukunyuka konyaka ngama-29.2%.

Amathuluzi omshini wokwenza insimbi ngokuvamile abhekisela emishinini yokubumba neyokucindezela, okuwuhlobo lwemishini eyimishini esetshenziselwa ukubumba nokuhlukanisa ezinqubweni zokubumba nokucindezela, ikakhulukazi ngokufaka ingcindezi ensimbi ukuze ilolonge. Idatha ikhombisa ukuthi ngo-2021, ukukhiqizwa kwethuluzi lomshini wokwenza insimbi eChina kwafinyelela kumayunithi angama-210,000, okuwukunyuka konyaka ngo-0.5%.

3.2 Izinkampani ezinkulu

Dala i-Century Intelligent Equipment Group, i-Shenyang Machine Tool, kanye ne-Haitian Precision Machinery izinkampani ezisohlwini ezihamba phambili embonini yamathuluzi emishini ye-CNC yaseChina. Kusukela emalini engenayo yamathuluzi emishini ye-CNC yalezi zinkampani ezintathu kusukela ngo-2019 kuya ku-2021, umkhuba jikelele wemali engenayo ubulokhu ukhula. Ngo-2021, i-Create Century, i-Shenyang Machine Tool, kanye ne-Haitian Precision Machinery yayinemali engenayo yethuluzi lomshini we-CNC engu-5.123 billion RMB, 1.082 billion RMB, kanye ne-2.679 billion RMB, ngokulandelana. Ngamunye wabalele ngaphezu kuka-50% wesamba semali engenayo, okubonisa ukuthi ibhizinisi lamathuluzi omshini we-CNC liyibhizinisi eliyinhloko lezinkampani ezintathu.

Uma kuqhathaniswa umkhawulo wenzuzo yonke yamathuluzi omshini we-CNC ezinkampanini ezintathu kusukela ngo-2019 kuya ku-2021, umkhawulo wenzuzo isiyonke yaleli bhizinisi kuzo zontathu izinkampani ubonise ukukhuphuka okuphelele. Imajini yenzuzo ephelele ye-Shenyang Machine Tool inyuke isuka ku--135% ngo-2019 yaya ku-6.61% ngo-2021, eyasuka ekubeni embi yaya kokuhle. Ngo-2021, isamba senzuzo yemaliji yebhizinisi lamathuluzi emishini ye-CNC ye-Create Century Intelligent Equipment Group, i-Shenyang Machine Tool, kanye ne-Haitian Precision Machinery yayingu-29.97%, 6.61%, no-25.50% ngokulandelana.

4. Ukuhlaziywa kwemboni ye-downstream

Imishini yokwakha iyingxenye ebalulekile embonini yemishini, engahlukaniswa ibe yimishini yokumba, imishini yokuhambisa umhlaba kanye neyokuthutha, imishini yokuphakamisa izakhiwo, nezimoto zezimboni, phakathi kwazo izimba, izilayishi, kanye namakhreni kuyimishini eyinhloko. Eminyakeni yamuva nje, imali engenayo yemboni yemishini yokwakha yaseChina iye yanda kancane kancane. Ngo-2017, imali engenayo yemboni yemishini yokwakha yaseChina idlule i-RMB eyizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingama-500, isondela ku-RMB eyizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingama-600 ngo-2018, yeqa i-RMB eyizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingama-700 ngo-2020, futhi yafinyelela ku-RMB ezigidigidi ezingama-800 okokuqala ngqa ngo-2021.

Kusukela ngo-2017 kuya ku-2021, isibalo sokudayiswa kwezimoto eChina siqhubekile nokwehla, sisuka ku-28.879 million ngo-2017 saya ku-23.489 million ngo-2021. Kodwa-ke, ngokuthuthuka kwemboni yezimoto ezintsha zaseChina, ukudayiswa kwezimoto ezintsha zamandla eChina kuqhubekile nokukhuphuka. Nakuba izimoto ezintsha zamandla zibeke phambili izidingo ezintsha zezingxenye, ziphinde zaletha izimfuno ezintsha futhi zavula izindawo ezintsha zokufaka izicelo zokuthuthukisa amathuluzi omshini we-CNC.

Umthombo ovela I-Intelligence Research Group (chyxx.com)