Isingeniso Se-Laser Cutting

Ukusika i-laser kungenye yezindlela ezivame kakhulu ekukhiqizeni. Ekuqaleni okuhloswe ngayo ukubhoboza izimbobo ku-diamond efa, ukusika kwe-laser kuhambe ibanga elide futhi manje kubhekwa njengenye yezindlela eziphumelela kakhulu zokusika ucezu lwempahla nokudala imikhiqizo ephelile. Kuwubuchwepheshe obusetshenziswa kabanzi ezinhlelweni ezahlukene kusukela kubakhiqizi bezimboni ezinkulu kuya ezikoleni nakubathanda ukuzilibazisa.

Lesi sihloko singena kuwo wonke umkhakha wokusika i-laser, okuhlanganisa ukuthi iyini nokuthi isebenza kanjani, izinhlobo ezahlukene, izici, kanye nokusetshenziswa kwe-laser cutting, kanye nezitayela zesikhathi esizayo emishini yokusika i-laser.

Yini

Ukusika i-laser kuyinqubo yokusebenzisa ugongolo lwe-laser olunamandla amakhulu ukwenza i-irradiate material. Ngokuvamile, i-laser isetshenziswa kanye nesistimu yokulawula ukunyakaza, enquma ukuthi i-laser ihamba kanjani phezu kwezinto. Ukusika i-laser akusetshenziselwa kuphela izinhlelo zokusebenza zezimboni ezifana nokwakhiwa kwensimbi, kodwa futhi ngezinye izikhathi emiphumeleni yobuciko efana nokuqoshwa nokunamathisela.

Ukuthi isebenza kanjani

Ama-Lasers asebenzisa amandla avela kuma-electron ukukhiqiza ukukhanya okunamandla, okunezinga lokushisa eliphezulu, okunye okubizwa ngokuthi i-laser beam. Lapho uthintana nempahla, ugongolo lwe-laser luncibilikisa ngokushesha indawo engaphezulu ukuze yakhe imbobo. Kusukela endaweni yokuxhumana yokuqala, i-laser ihamba ngendlela ehleliwe okungenzeka isike into yonke noma idale umphumela oyifunayo. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, izinto ezincibilikile zishaywa umoya wokugeleza kwesivinini esikhulu. 

Ukusika i-Laser kuyindlela yokusika eshisayo evame ukukhiqiza ukusikeka okubushelelezi ngekhwalithi enhle kakhulu, ukunemba okuphezulu, kanye nempahla emoshwe kancane. Uma kuqhathaniswa nezindlela zokusika zendabuko, ukusika kwe-laser kudala ama-slits amancane, okukusiza ukuthi ulondoloze izingxenye eziningi zezinto. 

Izinhlobo zokusika kwe-laser

Ukusika i-laser kungahlukaniswa ngezigaba ezine: i-laser vaporization, ukuncibilika kwe-laser, i-O₂ ukusika kwe-laser, kanye ne-laser scribing ngokuphuka okulawulwayo.

1. I-Laser vaporization 

I-laser vaporization isebenzisa i-laser enamandla amakhulu kakhulu ukuze kushise izinto. Lapho uthintana, izinga lokushisa lempahla likhuphuka ngokushesha lifike endaweni yalo yokubilisa, futhi impahla iqala ukuhwamuka ibe isitimu. Njengoba lezi zihwamuko zikhishwa ngokushesha, kwakheka ukusika kokubalulekile. 

Lolu hlobo lokusika nge-laser ludinga inani elikhulu lamandla namandla amakhulu, futhi lusetshenziswa kakhulu ukusika izinto zensimbi ezacile kakhulu nezinto ezingezona ezensimbi njengephepha, indwangu, ukhuni, ipulasitiki nenjoloba.

2. Ukuncibilika kwe-laser

Ukuncibilika kwe-laser kusebenzisa i-laser beam ukushisa okubalulekile ngokushesha kanye negesi enga-oxidizing (efana ne-Ar, He, N, njll.) ukuze kukhishwe into encibilikisiwe. Igesi engeyona i-oxidizing ifafazwa nge-nozzle ngengcindezi ephezulu kanye ne-beam, okuvumela okokusebenza ukuthi kuphume khona manjalo lapho kuthinta ugongolo.

Ukuncibilika kwe-laser akuyishisi ngokuphelele insimbi, futhi kudinga kuphela i-1/10ths yamandla adingekayo ukuze i-laser vaporization.Lolu hlobo lokusika kwe-laser lusetshenziselwa ikakhulukazi ukusika izinto ezingezona i-oxidized kalula, noma izinsimbi ezisebenzayo njengensimbi engagqwali, i-titanium, i-aluminium, nama-alloys azo.

3. I₂ ukusika kwe-laser

O₂ ukusika kwe-laser kusebenzisa i-laser beam ukushisisa izinto ngokushesha kanye no-O₂, igesi ene-oxidizing, ukukhipha into encibilikile. Ku-O₂ ukusika kwe-laser, igesi e-oxidizing isebenzisana nezinto ukuze kubangele ukusabela kwe-oxidation, okukhipha inani elikhulu lokushisa. Khona-ke, i-oxide encibilikisiwe kanye nezinto ezincibilikisiwe ziphuma endaweni yokusabela, okuholela ekusikeni kwezinto. Mayelana nalokhu, u-O₂ ukusika kwe-laser kufana nokusika kwe-oxyacetylene.

Ngenxa yokuthi ukusabela kwe-oxidation enqubweni yokusika kukhiqiza ukushisa okukhulu, amandla adingekayo ekunqumeni umoya-mpilo we-laser ayingxenye kuphela yamandla adingekayo ekuncibilikeni kwe-laser, futhi isivinini sokusika siphezulu kakhulu kuneso se-laser vaporizing kanye ne-laser melting. 

O₂ i-laser cutting isetshenziselwa ikakhulukazi izinto zensimbi ezingafakwa kalula nge-oxidized njenge-carbon steel, i-titanium steel, nensimbi ephethwe ukushisa.

4. Ukubhala nge-laser ngokuphuka okulawulwayo

I-laser scribing kusebenzisa i-laser density high-energy ukuskena indawo engaphezulu yensimbi ukuze kukhiqizwe uchungechunge lwemisele emincane, ngenye indlela ebizwa ngokuthi “imigqa yababhali.” Khona-ke, inani elithile lokucindezela okulawulwayo lisetshenziswa phezulu, okwenza izinto ziqhekeke emigqeni yababhali. 

Ukubhala nge-laser kusetshenziswa kakhulu ukukhiqiza amawafa e-semiconductor, izibani ze-LED, neminye imikhiqizo edinga ukulawula okuhle nokunemba kwe-microscopic. Kanjalo, amalaser asetshenziselwa ukubhala nge-laser ngokuvamile amalaser ashintshwayo nge-Q kanye ne-CO₂ ama-lasers.

Izici

Uma kuqhathaniswa nezinye izindlela zokusika ezishisayo, ukusika kwe-laser kuyinqubo esheshayo iyonke futhi inikeza ikhwalithi ephakeme yokusika. Ukusika i-laser kunezinzuzo ezilandelayo:

1. Izinga eliphezulu lokusika: Ngenxa yobuningi bamandla amakhulu kanye nokunemba kwendawo yokuxhumana ye-laser, ukusika kwe-laser kuveza imiphumela engcono.

a. Ukusika i-laser kudala ukusika okuncane kakhulu. Ububanzi bokusika obukhiqizwe ngokusikwa kwe-laser bungaphansi kuka-0.001 intshi, futhi ukunemba kobukhulu bunembe ngendlela ehlukile cishe ku-± 0.0005 intshi.

b. Ukusika i-laser kudala imiphetho ebushelelezi ngokwedlulele, okusho ukuthi ingasetshenziswa njengesinyathelo sokugcina ekukhiqizeni ngaphandle kokucutshungulwa okwengeziwe kwemishini okudingekayo.

c. Ukusika i-laser kudala ukuwohloka okuncane endaweni yokusebenza futhi akuthinti into eseduze nokusikwa. Umumo we-slit nawo uhlala unxande.

2. Ukusebenza kahle kokusika: Yonke inqubo yokusika i-laser ingalawulwa ngokugcwele yi-CNC ngaphandle kwesidingo sanoma yimuphi umsebenzi owenziwe ngezandla. Ngesikhathi sokusika kwe-laser, abasebenzisi badinga kuphela ukumisa uhlelo lokulawula ukunyakaza. Ukucupha kungasetshenziswa kumajamo ahlukene. Ngaphezu kwalokho, imishini yokusika i-laser ingafakwa ngamathebula amaningi okusebenza e-CNC, athuthukisa kakhulu ukusebenza kahle lapho usebenza ngama-workpieces amakhulu noma amaningi.

3. Isivinini sokusika ngokushesha: I-laser enamandla angu-1200 W ingafinyelela isivinini sokusika esingu-600 cm/min lapho isika ipuleti le-carbon steel eliwugqinsi elingu-2 mm. I-laser yamandla afanayo ingafinyelela isivinini sokusika esingu-1200 cm/min lapho isika ibhodi le-polypropylene resin engu-5 mm obukhulu. Impahla ayidingi ukucindezelwa futhi ilungiswe phakathi nenqubo yokusika i-laser, engavimbela ukulimala kumathuluzi asetshenziswayo futhi inciphise isikhathi esidingekayo sokulayisha nokukhipha ama-workpieces.

4. Ukusika i-laser ngaphandle kokuthinta: Ithoshi yokusika ayinakho ukuthintana ne-workpiece, okuqinisekisa ukuthi i-zero kuya ekugqokeni okuncane kumathuluzi asetshenzisiwe. Ngaphezu kwalokho, asikho isidingo sokushintsha noma yimaphi amathuluzi okucubungula izingxenye ezahlukene kanye nokuma. Abasebenzisi bamane badinga ukushintsha amapharamitha okukhiphayo we-laser. Inqubo yokusika i-laser iphinde ikhiqize umsindo ophansi, ukudlidliza okuncane, futhi akukho kungcola.

5. Ububanzi bohlelo lokusebenza: Uma kuqhathaniswa nokusika kwe-oxyacetylene nokusika kwe-plasma, ukusika kwe-laser kulungele uhla olubanzi lwezinto ezibonakalayo, ezihlanganisa insimbi nezingezona zensimbi kanye nezinto ezihlanganisiwe ezisekelwe ensimbi nezingezona ezensimbi. Izinto ezisetshenziswayo ezihlukene zinamazinga ahlukene okufaneleka kokusika i-laser ngenxa yezindawo zazo ezihlukene ze-thermo-physical.

Izicelo

Iningi labasiki be-laser namuhla lilawulwa izinhlelo ze-CNC noma lenziwa amarobhothi azenzakalelayo. Ngakho-ke, ukusika kwe-laser kulungele cishe zonke izinto zokwakha zonke izinhlobo zomumo, zombili-ntathu kanye nezintathu-ntathu.

Emkhakheni wokukhiqiza izimoto, ukusika kwe-laser kusetshenziswa kabanzi ukusika amajika ayinkimbinkimbi njengamashidi omzimba, ama-hood, uphahla, amafasitela emoto, amashubhu, izingxenye zesikhwama somoya, nezinye izingxenye ezahlukahlukene. Emkhakheni we-aerospace, ubuchwepheshe bokusika i-laser busetshenziselwa ukusika izingxenye ezikhethekile zezindiza ezifana namashubhu enjini yomlilo, amafreyimu ezindiza, amaphaneli amaphiko omsila, ama-rotor anophephela emhlane, nokunye okuningi.

Ubuchwepheshe bokusika i-laser bubuye busetshenziswe kabanzi ezintweni ezingezona ezensimbi. Ukusika i-laser ngeke kusetshenziselwe kuphela izinto ezinobulukhuni obuphezulu kanye nokuqina njenge-silicon nitride, izitsha zobumba, ne-quartz, kodwa futhi nezinto eziguquguqukayo njengendwangu, iphepha, amapuleti epulasitiki kanye nerabha. 

Izitayela zesikhathi esizayo

1. Ukusika i-laser kuzoqhubeka nokuqhubekisela phambili inguquko yezimboni.

Ukusika i-laser kulethe izinzuzo eziningi zezomnotho kubakhiqizi abasha nabadala. Ingxenye yayo ewumgogodla, umthombo wokukhanya we-laser, iyingxenye ebalulekile enquma ikhono lokusika le-laser cutter.

Eminyakeni engu-40 edlule kusukela ukuqaliswa kwe-laser cutter, ukuthuthukiswa kwezobuchwepheshe okubaluleke kakhulu ngemithombo yokukhanya ye-laser ukushintshwa kwemishini yokusika i-CO2 laser nge-fiber laser cutting. 

Uma ubuza ukuthi kuzoba khona yini umthombo wokukhanya we-laser omusha oshibhe kune-fiber lasers, osebenza kangcono, futhi ohlinzeka ngohlaka olungcono, impendulo ngaphandle kokungabaza inguyebo. Kodwa uma ubuza ukuthi kungaba uhlobo olunjani lwe-laser, ngeke ukwazi ukunikeza impendulo enembile manje. Akudingekile ukusho, imithombo yokukhanya kwe-laser nakanjani izobona intuthuko eminingi esikhathini esizayo.

2. Ama-laser fiber anamandla aphezulu azoba amandla avelele emakethe yomshini wokusika i-laser.

Imishini yokusika i-fiber optical yamabanga ahlukahlukene wamandla ingenise inkathi enkulu yokukhiqiza. Le mishini yokusika i-laser iza ngamajamo nobukhulu obuhlukene, ngamunye unamacala awo okusebenzisa. Kodwa-ke, uma ucabanga ukuthi hlobo luni lomshini wokusika we-laser ongasetshenziswa kabanzi kuyo yonke imikhakha esikhathini esizayo, i-laser ye-fiber enamandla aphezulu ingukubheja okuphephe kakhulu.

Le mishini iletha amandla aphezulu, ukunemba okuphezulu, namandla amakhulu okusika kubuchwepheshe bokusika i-laser, futhi izoba nomthelela omkhulu emakethe yokusika i-laser, ngokusho kochwepheshe bezimboni, izazi, kanye nabasebenzisi.

Ngakho-ke, inani elikhulu labakhiqizi bemishini yokusika i-fiber laser enamandla amakhulu babophezelekile ukuletha ukuncintisana okuqinile kwemakethe, ekugcineni ukuze kuzuze abathengi. Lokhu kuzophushela imvilophu phambili ngokwemibandela yokulawulwa kwekhwalithi kanye namazinga okukhiqiza esikhathini esizayo esiseduze, lapho kuphela izinkampani ezinekhwalithi yomkhiqizo ehamba phambili, ukugxila okuqhubekayo ku-R&D, kanye nokuba ingcweti kobuchwepheshe bokuncintisana obuyinhloko ezingahlala phezulu.

3. Inkathi yobuhlakani iyeza.

Intuthuko yezobuchwepheshe emhlabeni wonke “njenge-Industry 4.0” yaseJalimane kanye nokwenyuka kokwamukelwa kwamafekthri e-China kuyizinkomba ezicacile zento eyodwa: uguquko lwesine lwezimboni luyeza. Futhi ngalokho, inkathi yokukhiqiza ehlakaniphile izofika embonini yokusika i-laser. Lokhu kuhlanganisa ukuhlanganiswa okukhulu kobuchwepheshe benethiwekhi, ubuchwepheshe bezokuxhumana, kanye nesofthiwe yekhompyutha enemishini yokusika i-laser ye-CNC enembayo ephezulu. 

Ngokuvumelana nalokhu, ukuthuthukiswa kwemishini yokusika i-laser ezenzakalelayo kuye kwathuthukisa kakhulu umthamo wokukhiqiza kanye nokuzenzakalelayo kwama-workshops ensimbi. Njengendlela yokunemba, imishini yokusika i-laser nakanjani izosebenzisa amakhono okuxhumana enethiwekhi enziwe ekhaya ukuze ixhumane nemishini ehlukahlukene ezimbonini zeshidi lensimbi, okuhlanganisa imigqa yokuqaqa amaphepha, imishini yokugoba, imishini yokubhoboza ye-CNC, amayunithi ahlangene e-welding (riveting), imishini yokudubula, nemigqa yokumboza.

Okunye okokusebenza okushumekwe ohlelweni oluhlanganisiwe lokukhiqiza, umsebenzi, kanye nohlelo lokuhlola lokuhlola kuzobaluleka ekuphathweni kweshabhu yensimbi yeshidi. Ngenxa yalokho, inani elikhulu umshini wokwehlisa laser abakhiqizi bazoshintsha kancane kancane babe osonkontileka bokwenza insimbi esikhathini esizayo.

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