Amathrendi akamuva ku-Metal Melting Furnace Technology

Ama-Foundries amahle. Lezi ziko ezinkulu zikhipha ukushisa futhi zinamandla okuguqula izingqimba ezinkulu zensimbi zibe uketshezi oluvuthayo, kube lula izimangaliso zesayensi ezingavamile nsuku zonke.

Lesi sihloko sihlola inqubo yokuncibilika kwensimbi futhi sinikeza ukukhanya ezinhlotsheni ezahlukene ze amaziko ancibilikisa ama-Foundry.

Okuqukethwe
Inqubo yokuncibilika kwensimbi
Izinhlobo zeziko lokuncibilika kwe-Foundry
Indlela yokukhetha isithando somlilo esincibilikayo?
Isiphetho sendaba

Inqubo yokuncibilika kwensimbi

Sekuyizinkulungwane zeminyaka, ukuncibilika kwensimbi, ingilazi nezinye izinto kube yindlela ebalulekile yempucuko yokwenza izinto. Inqubo yokuguqula izinto eziqinile zibe uketshezi zivumela ukuthi zithelwe kuzo isikhunta ngaphambi kokuqina kube yizimo eziwusizo. Yonke inqubo yokuncibilikisa insimbi isekelwe ezinyathelweni ezilandelayo:

Ukuphothula isilinganiso sokuxuba insimbi

Njalo Ukuxoshwa Isicelo sinezidingo ezahlukene zezakhiwo zabo zemishini yensimbi. Abakhiqizi basungula ifomula yabo yokuxuba izinsimbi ngokuya ngesigaba sezinto ezisetshenziswayo kanye nezidingo zabo ezithile.

Isibonelo, isilinganiso sokuxuba kwe-aluminium ezindaweni eziningi ezitholakalayo singama-40% izinsimbi ze-aluminium + 50% i-aluminium scrap + 10% abanye. I-10% yezinye ihlanganisa izinto ezingeziwe njengethusi, i-silicon, ne-zinc, njll.

Ilayisha insimbi

Ngaphambi kokufaka ama-ingots nezinsimbi zensimbi ku- isithando somlilo, kumelwe zihlanzwe, zishiselwe futhi zomiswe. Lesi yisinyathelo esibalulekile, ukususa noma imuphi umswakama kanye nokungcola ensimbi ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi isithando somlilo a sonakali noma singcolile.

Amanye amandla angase alahleke lapho izinto ezisetshenziswayo zilayishwa esithandweni. Uma isithando somlilo silayishwa lapho singashisi ngokwanele, inqubo izokwenziwa ingasebenzi kahle njengoba kuzothatha isikhathi eside ukuncibilikisa yonke into. Kodwa-ke, uma isithando somlilo sisebenza njalo, lokhu kuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle ngoba akudingi ukushiselwa njalo uma okuthile kuncibilika.

Nokho, ukushisa okuningi kungaphuma lapho kuvulwa isithando somlilo esishisayo ukuze kufakwe izinto ezengeziwe. Kunezindlela eziningi zokulungisa le nkinga, okuhlanganisa ukusebenzisa isithando somlilo esiseceleni, lapho insimbi eshisayo ibuyiselwa khona esithandweni ukuze ishiswe kabusha ngesikhathi sokulayisha.

Insimbi encibilikayo

Ngenxa yokuthi zisebenza emazingeni okushisa ashisa kakhulu futhi zithintana ngokuqondile nezinsimbi ezincibilikisiwe, izilenge eziko, amagesi, nophethiloli oshile, iziko kufanele ziqine ngokukhethekile. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kumelwe bakwazi ukumelana nokushisa okukhiqizwa imithombo kaphethiloli njenge-coke, igesi yemvelo, noma ugesi osetshenziselwa ukuncibilikisa izinto.

Ngokuvamile, izithando zomlilo kufanele zikwazi ukukhiqiza noma yikuphi ukushisa kusuka ku-350 ° C kuya ku-2000 ° C ukuze kuncibilike insimbi, noma ifinyelele endaweni yokuncibilika kwensimbi - iphuzu lapho iphenduka isuka kokuqinile iye oketshezini.

Ukucwengwa kanye nokwelashwa kwensimbi

Ukucwenga kulapho uhlanza futhi uthuthukisa ikhwalithi yensimbi encibilikisiwe ngokususa noma yikuphi ukuphambana okungafuneki njengezicucu eziqinile ezisele noma amabhamuza egesi. Umqondo uwukuqinisekisa ukuthi insimbi inengxube efanele yezinto.

Ngaphambi kokuba insimbi ibunjwe ibe yisimo esiqinile, ukwengeza ezinye izinto noma ukuhlanza okwengeziwe kungasiza ukuyenza ibe namandla, iguquguquke noma iqine. Lesi sinyathelo sibalulekile ngoba singathinta indlela umkhiqizo wokugcina ophuma ngayo.

Ukuthuthwa kwensimbi encibilikile

Uma insimbi isincibilikile, idluliselwa esithandweni ukuya emgqeni wokubumba usebenzisa uhlelo lokuthulula.

Izinhlobo zeziko lokuncibilika kwe-Foundry

Izithando ezincibilikayo zisetshenziselwa ukushisisa izinto eziqinile zize zibe uketshezi. Lokhu kuguqulwa komzimba kuncike kokubili ukucindezela kanye nezinga lokushisa; isithando somlilo esincibilikayo sidinga ukukwazi ukudala nokugcina izinga lokushisa elithile ukuze izinto ezingaphakathi zincibilike ngokulinganayo.

Izinhlobo eziningana zesithando somlilo zisetshenziselwa ukwenza ukuhlukahluka kule nqubo. Okuphawuleka kakhulu kulokhu kufaka:

Izithando zomlilo

Izithando zomlilo ziwuhlobo olulula lwesithando somlilo olusetshenziselwa ukuncibilikisa insimbi. I-crucible isitsha esikwazi ukumelana nezinga lokushisa eliphezulu kakhulu futhi ngokuvamile senziwe nge-ceramic noma enye into ephezulu ekwazi ukumelana nokushisa.

Namuhla, abenzi bobucwebe, abathanda ukuzilibazisa, nezinye izimboni ezincane zisebenzisa iziko ezicijile ukuze zincibilikise insimbi ngamaqoqo amancane. Ama-crucibles eza ngosayizi abahlukene, kusukela kwezincane zokuncibilika kwensimbi nge-blowtorch kuya ezinhlobonhlobo ezinkulu ezingabamba kufika ku-50lbs wensimbi.

Iziko le-Cupola

Iziqhumiso zeCupola zasetshenziswa isikhathi eside ukuncibilikisa insimbi ukwenza insimbi eyinsimbi, esezingeni elingcono kunensimbi yengulube. Phezulu kwesithando somlilo se-cupola kuvame ukufakwa ikepisi ukuze kuvinjwe amagesi amabi ukuthi angaphumi futhi kuvinjwe amanzi emvula.

Ukuncibilika kwensimbi esithandweni se-cupola nokwengeza i-coke, i-carbon, nezinye izinto, kudala izinhlobo ezahlukene zensimbi nensimbi. Namuhla, izithando zomlilo ze-cupola azisetshenziswa ngokuvamile ngoba i-arc kagesi nezindlela zokungeniswa zisebenza kahle kakhulu ekukhiqizeni ukushisa okudingekayo.

Izithando ze-arc zikagesi

Izithando zama-arc zikagesi zisetshenziselwa ukwenza insimbi nge-iron ore. Isithando somlilo senza ukushisa okuvela ku-arc kagesi okukhishwe njengengxenye yokusabela phakathi kwama-electrode amabili. Umoya-mpilo uvuthela esithandweni kanye ne-lime nezakhi ukuze kuqedwe izakhi ezingafuneki futhi kwenziwe i-slag. I-ayina encibilikisiwe isuke ithululwa ku-spout empompini.

Izithando ze-arc zikagesi zincibilikisa i-material ngokuthintana ngqo nogesi we-arcing, odlula ezintweni. Lokhu kwenza inqubo yokuncibilika isebenze kahle kunezinye izindlela ezithembele ekushiseni kwangaphandle.

Iziko lokungeniswa

Iziko lokungeniswa ube nesitsha sensimbi noma ikamelo elizungezwe ikhoyili enamandla kagesi agelezayo kuyo. Lokhu kudala ama-eddy currents ensimbi, ekhiqiza amazinga okushisa aphezulu adingekayo ukuze incibilike futhi yenze ama-alloys anezinhlanganisela ezinembile.

Ukushisa kukhiqizwa ama-molecule athakazelisayo ensimbi ngokwayo ngaphandle kokwengezwa komoya-mpilo noma amanye amagesi. Nakuba lokhu kwenza kube lula ukuncibilika kwezinto ngoba kukhona okuguquguqukayo okumbalwa okumele ukhathazeke ngakho, kuphinde kusho ukuthi isithando somlilo asikwazi ukusetshenziselwa ukwenza insimbi yekhwalithi ephezulu, njengoba noma yini efakwa esithandweni iphuma ngokufanayo.

Indlela yokukhetha isithando somlilo esincibilikayo?

Yikuphi ukuncibilika kwesithando somlilo esetshenziswayo izoba nomthelela ekusebenzeni kwe-Foundry kanye nokulingisa kokugcina. Ngakho-ke, kubalulekile ukucabangela ukuthi yimiphi imiphumela edingekayo njengoba lokhu kuzothonya ukuthi ibuphi ubuchwepheshe besithando somlilo obudingekayo.

Izinto ezilandelayo zizosiza ekunqumeni ukuthi yisiphi isithando somlilo esincibilikayo esizofanelana nemisebenzi ethile ye-Foundry:

• Isikhala esitholakalayo
• Ama-alloys ethagethi nendawo yawo yokuncibilika
• Ukutshalwa kwezimali
• Ukusebenza kwamandla
• Izidingo zesondlo
• Inani lensimbi elidingekayo
• Izinkinga zemvelo

Qaphela ukuthi akukho usayizi owodwa olingana konke kuyo yonke imisebenzi yokusakaza. Isikhungo ngasinye singaba nemibandela eyahlukene yesikali sokukhiqiza kanye nezidingo zemakethe. Ukuhlola wonke amabhokisi ngaphambi kokwenza ucingo lokugcina lokuthi ibuphi ubuchwepheshe besithando somlilo kanye nenqubo yokuncibilika iyonke edingekayo ebalulekile.

Isiphetho sendaba

Emashumini ambalwa eminyaka adlule abone intuthuko eminingana kubuchwepheshe bokuncibilika kwensimbi. Noma kunjalo, kunezinyathelo eziningi eziyisisekelo kanye nezinqubo ezingasiza izinsimbi zensimbi ukuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kokuncibilika kwensimbi futhi zinciphise ukulahlekelwa kwensimbi ngesikhathi sokukhiqiza. Ngakho-ke, kubalulekile ukuthi abasunguli babheke ekushintsheni ubuchwepheshe futhi bazivumelanise nezimo zemakethe.