Amathiphu Okukhetha Imishini Yebhizinisi Lezolimo

Kuqashwe umkhakha wezolimo 874 abayizigidi ezingu abantu abakhona 2020. Lokhu kufana noku 27% yabasebenzi bomhlaba wonke. Phakathi 2000 futhi 2019, inani lokukhiqizwa kwezitshalo eziyinhloko lenyuke ngo 53%, okuyi 9.3 billion amathani. Konke lokhu kuhambisana nomkhakha wezolimo odlondlobalayo emhlabeni jikelele.

Kulabo abasebhizinisini lezolimo, ukwazi amathuluzi afanele ongawasebenzisa epulazini kungazuzisa kakhulu inzuzo, futhi kuvumele umuntu ukuba asebenzise amandla epulazi lakhe. Lesi sihloko sizochaza amathiphu abalulekile okukhetha umshini wemishini yezolimo, ukuze abathengi bakwazi ukuthenga ngokuzethemba ngezidingo zabo.

Okuqukethwe
Amatrakta
Amandla nama-rotary tillers
Abalimi
Amageja
Abavuni
Ama-Shellers
Abasabalali bakamanyolo
Sprayers
Imicabango yokugcina

Amatrakta

A ugandaganda umshini ohlinzeka nge-torque ephezulu ngesivinini esiphansi.

Izinto okufanele zicatshangelwe lapho ukhetha ugandaganda

Ukusebenza kalula

70% umonakalo kugandaganda kungenxa yokuntula ulwazi lokuthi uqhutshwa kanjani ugandaganda. Amabhizinisi kufanele akhethe a ugandaganda ezingasetshenzwa kalula. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kubalulekile ukuba nezifundo zokusebenzisa ugandaganda ngaphambi kokuwuthenga.

Cost

Izindleko zikagandaganda zihlukaniswe kabili: ukuthengwa kokuqala kanye nezindleko zezingxenye. Izindleko zokuqala kufanele ziqhathaniswe nesabelomali sikagandaganda. Amabhizinisi akufanele asebenzise imali engaphezu kwesabelomali sawo esihlongozwayo. Izingxenye ezithengiwe kufanele zibe sezingeni eliphezulu futhi. Nokho, akusho ukuthi kufanele kube izingxenye ezibizayo. Kunalokho, amabhizinisi kufanele abheke izingxenye zangempela ezithengekayo kuzo.

Ukususwa kwamandla

Ogandaganda besimanje banomshini wokukhumula ugesi otholakala ngemuva noma ngaphambili kukagandaganda futhi lokhu kunikeza amandla okujikeleza emishinini emile nedonsayo. I-shaft inikeza amandla kumshini, iqeda isidingo somthombo wamandla ofakwe ngokuhlukile. Ogandaganda besimanje bazophinde banikeze amandla engeziwe e-hydraulic noma kagesi. Amabhizinisi adinga ukwazi ukuthi ukungeza amasistimu okukhipha amandla kuzozithinta kanjani ezinye izingxenye zikagandaganda.

transmission

Ogandaganda banezinhlobo ezahlukene zokudlulisa. Ihlanganisa ukuhanjiswa kwegiya, iCVT transmission, hydrostatic transmission, kanye ne-power shuttle transmission. Lokhu kudluliswa kwamandla kunezinzuzo futhi kusebenza kangcono kunezinye ezimweni ezithile. Ngakho-ke abathengi kufanele bacabangele izinzuzo zokusebenzisa ugandaganda abawuthengayo.

Engine

Injini kagandaganda ikala amandla kumandla amahhashi. Ukucatshangelwa okuhle kakhulu okufanele kwenziwe lapho ukhetha injini ubukhulu bomhlaba ezosetshenziswa kuwo. Kunconywa ukusebenzisa eyodwa hp ngoba 2 hectares zomhlaba. Ngakho-ke ipulazi elingamahektha angama-40 lizodinga ugandaganda 20 - 25hp.

Ukwesekwa komthengisi

Amabhizinisi kufanele athenge izingxenye kumabhrendi aziwayo ukuze athole izingxenye ezihlala isikhathi eside nezinekhwalithi. Uma bethenga emakethe yangemuva, ibhizinisi lingase longe ezindlekweni zezingxenye kodwa lichithe imali eningi ekulungiseni ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Ngaphezu kwalokhu, kunconywa ukuthenga izingxenye kumkhiqizi kagandaganda.

Emission ejwayelekile

Ibhizinisi kufanele futhi licabangele izinga lokukhishwa kwegesi lenjini ekhethiwe. Amazinga amanje yi-EU 6 e-UK kanye ne-Tier 5 e-USA. Ukwazi lokhu kuzosiza ibhizinisi ukuthi liqoke ogandaganda abangayiphathi kahle imvelo.

Amandla nama-Rotary tillers

A Amandla ne-rotary tiller ingumshini oshayelwa yinjini enama-blade ajikelezayo okuphuka nokulinywa komhlabathi.

Izinto okufanele uzicabangele lapho ukhetha i-power noma i-rotary tiller

Uhlobo lomhlabathi

Amathila amancane angalima kahle inhlabathi ethambile. Kodwa-ke, izokweqa izingxenye eziningi zenhlabathi enamatshe futhi eqinile esikhundleni sokulinywa. Ngakho-ke kuhle ukusebenzisa i-tiller enkulu ezindaweni eziqinile. Noma, umshini wokulima kufanele usetshenziswe ngaphambi kokusebenzisa i-mini tiller ezindaweni eziqinile.

Usayizi wepulazi

Umlimi othengwa yibhizinisi uzothikamezeka ngobukhulu bomhlaba ozowutshala. Usayizi womhlaba ungaphansi 1500 m² izodinga i-mini-tiller, kuyilapho indawo ephakathi nendawo ingaphansi 5000 m² izodinga i-tiller nge 5 hp. Umhlaba omkhulu kuno 5000m² izodinga i-tiller enezingaphezu kwalokho 6 hp.

Uhlobo lwenjini

Kunezinhlobo ezine zezinjini. Amathila kagesi, asebenza ngesandla, anamandla ebhethri, nasebenza ngegesi. Amathila asebenza ngegesi yiwona anamandla kakhulu, kodwa angama-tiller ayinkimbinkimbi ukusetshenziswa. Amathila kagesi ayathengeka futhi athandwa kakhulu. Anikwa amandla ngokuxhunywa kumthombo wamandla wamapayipi amakhulu. Amathila asebenza ngesandla awanayo injini. Umsebenzisi kuyodingeka azenzele wona wonke umsebenzi kuyilapho amathila asebenza ngebhethri engenayo intambo kagesi. Basebenzisa ibhethri ukunika amandla injini. Amabhizinisi kufanele akhethe i-power tiller esekelwe enjini ewafanele kangcono.

Ukujula nobubanzi bokulinywa okuphezulu

Izinhlamvu zethila zinquma ukujula umshini ongafinyelela kuzo. Amathayina angama-blade ajikelezayo wethila. Kunezinhlobo ezimbili zama-tines. Amathila angaphambili angakwazi ukumba kuze kube Amasentimitha angu-8 kujule, kuyilapho amathila angemuva ekwazi ukulima I-6 kuya ku-12 amayintshi.

Abalimi

A Umlimi uwumshini obhidliza umhlabathi futhi usiphule ukhula.

Izinto okufanele uzicabangele lapho ukhetha umlimi

Usayizi wengadi

Izingadi ezinkulu ezizungeza amamitha-skwele angama-6000 zidinga abalimi abanobuncane be-6 hp. Izingadi ezinosayizi omaphakathi ezingaphezu kwamamitha-skwele ayi-1500 zizosebenza kahle ngomlimi one-5 hp, kuyilapho izingadi ezincane zidinga abalimi abancane.

Sebenzisa

Uma ibhizinisi lifuna a umlimi ukudiliza ubumba olunzima lombhede omusha, kufanele bathenge umlimi omkhulu. Abalimi abakhulu beza nezinto ezinamathiselwe njenge-wood chipper noma inqola efanelekile amapulazi amakhulu. Uma umlimi ezosetshenziswa ku-loam nasenhlabathini, khona-ke umlimi ophakathi nendawo ufanelekile. Ama-cultivators amancane asetshenziswa kangcono emibhedeni emisiwe. Abalimi abancane beza nezinto ezinamathiselwe njengama-mid tiller okuhlakula engadini.

Isisindo kanye nokuhamba kahle

Amabhizinisi kufanele athenge ama-cultivators kuye ngokuthi ubani ozowasebenzisa. Umlimi omkhulu unesisindo esingaphezu kwamakhilogremu angu-200, kanti umlimi ophakathi unesisindo esiphakathi kuka-100 no-200 wamaphawundi. Abasebenzi kufanele bakwazi ukuyiphatha.

Design

Ama-tine angaphambili anezinhlamvu ngaphambi komshini namasondo ngemuva. Inselelo yalaba balimi ukuthi amasondo agingqika endaweni esanda kulinywa, abangele ukucinana. Abalimi be-tine yangemuva banamasondo ngaphambili nama-tines ngemuva. Abanakho ukuhlangana. Abalimi abashintshashintshayo banezinhlamvu eziya kolunye uhlangothi.

umthombo Power

Abalimi basebenzisa amafutha noma ugesi njengomthombo wamandla, kuye ngobukhulu bawo. Abalimi abancane basebenzisa ugesi njengoba bengadingi amandla amaningi. Athulile, alula, futhi anokwethenjelwa uma kuqhathaniswa nabalimi abasebenzisa uphethiloli, abakhiqiza amandla engeziwe futhi makhudlwana, asindayo futhi anomsindo. Bangaba ne I-200 cc injini ekhiqiza phakathi 6.5 - 9 hp kuyilapho ezikagesi zikhiqiza cishe ingxenye yalokhu.

Amageja

A Khanyisa iyithuluzi lokulima elinama-blade amakhulu aphendulela inhlabathi bese enza imisele phansi ngaphambi kokutshala imbewu.

Izinto okufanele zicatshangelwe lapho ukhetha igeja

Uhlobo lomhlabathi

Amabhizinisi kufanele acabangele ukuthi yisiphi isigaba senhlabathi afuna ukusilima. Inhlabathi ye-Sandier idinga ukulinywa okuncane ngoba ifudumala futhi yome ngokushesha. Umhlabathi wobumba uzodinga ukulinywa okwengeziwe ukuze ugqibe ezinye zezinsalela, ngakho zifudumala ngokushesha entwasahlobo.

Hlanganisa ukuzungeza

Abalimi abashintshanisa izitshalo zabo eminyakeni emithathu bazodinga ukulinywa okuncane. Lokhu kuzoholela ekuphathweni okungcono kwezinsalela epulazini labo. Kodwa-ke, lapho abalimi betshala uhlobo olulodwa lwezitshalo, njengommbila, iminyaka engaphezu kwemi-3, kufanele basebenzise ukulima kanzima ukuze balawule izinsalela epulazini. Kukhona ezinye izindlela, njengokusebenzisa igeja le-moldboard, nakuba lokhu kungase kubangele izinga eliphezulu lokuguguleka kwenhlabathi njengoba kuveza inhlabathi eningi phezulu.

Isitayela 

Lapho inhlabathi inomthambeka wokudlula 3%, ukujula nokuqina kwegeja kufanele kuncishiswe ukuze kuvikelwe inhlabathi. Amabhizinisi kufanele aqaphele ngokuba namageja avumela ukulungiseka ekulimeni ukukhanya ukuze kufake izidingo zemithambeka ehlukene.

Abavuni

A Umvuni iyithuluzi lasepulazini elisetshenziselwa ukuvuna izitshalo ngokuzenzakalelayo epulazini.

Izinto okufanele uzicabangele lapho ukhetha umshini wokuvuna

Isigaba esifanele

Abavuni bahlukaniswa ngezigaba. Amabhizinisi kufanele aqinisekise ukuthi umshini unamandla afanele kanye nendawo yokuhlanza izicathulo edingwa yibhizinisi. Lapho ikilasi liphakeme, kuyanda amakhono. Ngakho-ke kubalulekile ukucabangela amakilasi umkhiqizi anikezayo ngaphambi kokuthenga.

Umthamo

Amabhizinisi kufanele aqinisekise ukuthi umthamo womvuni akufanele ube ngaphezu kwalokho okungenziwa isihlokwana sokusanhlamvu. Kunezihloko eziningana zokusanhlamvu: i-auger, i-windrow, i-draper, ne-stripperheads. Ngaphezu kwalokhu kukhona izihloko zokusanhlamvu eziqondile ngesilimo ngasinye. Ukukhetha unhlokweni ofanele kuzosiza ukunciphisa ukulahlekelwa.

Iphrosesa efanele

Ukuze ibhizinisi likhethe iphrosesa efanelekile, kuzodingeka liqaphele izitshalo elizitshalayo. Abakhiqizi bahlinzeka ngezilungiselelo zokulungisa ukuvuleka kwe-concave kanye nokuvuleka kwezicathulo kuye ngezitshalo ezivuniwe. Ngakho-ke, kuyadingeka ukwazi izilungiselelo ezisetshenziswayo. Isibonelo, uma isethingi yesivinini ishesha futhi imvume ye-concave incane, ingaholela ezinhlamvu ezilimele. 

Ikhebhu elungile

Ikhebhu yomsebenzisi kufanele ikhululeke futhi ivumele amahora amaningi okusebenza. Imikhiqizo ehlonishwayo iqinisekise ukuthi amakhebhu anendawo yokugcina, izici zokuphepha, nokuxhumana futhi ayashisisa noma ayapholiswa. Ngaphandle kwalokhu, amanye amakhabethe anezinhlelo zokuzijabulisa zokuqinisekisa ukunethezeka komqhubi. Amabhizinisi kufanele akhethe amakheshi anokunethezeka.

Ukuphathwa kwezinsalela

Ukuphathwa kwezinsalela kuyisici esibalulekile okufanele sicatshangelwe. Amabhizinisi kufanele akhethe izivuni ezivumela amakhono okusika nokugwedla ngaphandle kokushintshanisa izingxenye. Abakhiqizi bathuthukisa izivuni ezinokuthintana kwenhlabathi okwengeziwe, ukusabalala okubanzi, nokugawula kahle ukuze kube nesivuno esingcono. Amamodeli amasha azovumela u-opharetha ukuthi ashintshe phakathi kwamamodi afana namamodi okusabalalisa ne-windrow.  

Ama-Shellers

Ama-Shellers imishini yokulima esusa igobolondo lembewu njengamantongomane.

Izinto okufanele uzicabangele lapho ukhetha i-sheller

Ukugcinwa kwe-sheller

Ama-shellers nakanjani abe nothuli oluningi oluvela ezinhlamvwini abawagoqayo. Ukugcinwa kwazo kubalulekile. Ngakho-ke amabhizinisi kufanele acabangele ukuthenga kubakhiqizi abanikeza ukwesekwa kokuthi isetshenziswa kanjani futhi inakekele i-sheller. Kufanele futhi bacabangele ukutholakala kwezingxenye eziyisipele kanye nabasebenzi abangazilungisa.

Cost

Intengo ye-sheller izohluka ngokuya ngobukhulu kanye nobuchwepheshe obusetshenzisiwe. Ama-sheller okwenziwa ngesandla wezinhlamvu ezahlukene athengiswa phakathi US $30 - US $60. Izigobolondo ezinkulu ezisetshenziselwa izinjongo zezimboni I-US $ 2100 nangaphezulu. Ayazenzakalela futhi awadingi noma yimuphi umsebenzi wezandla. Amasheli aphakathi nendawo abiza phakathi US $300 - US $800. Banenjini kaphethiloli exhunywe ukubanika amandla.

Abasabalali bakamanyolo

Abasabalali bakamanyolo yimishini esakaza ubulongwe ngokulinganayo epulazini.

Izinto okufanele zicatshangelwe lapho ukhetha isisakazeli sikamanyolo

Izinto okufanele zisakazwe.

Ama-spreaders ahlukene azosakaza umanyolo ngokuhlukile. Umcako, umquba, i-gypsum, udoti, nomanyolo kunokuhambisana okuhlukene, okuqukethwe umswakama, nokuminyana. Zonke zidinga ama-fertilizer ahlukene ukuze ziwaphathe. 

Spread iphethini

Iphethini ebanzi ayifaneleki lapho insimu encane idinga amaphasi ambalwa kuphela. Amaphethini abanzi anconywa ezinkambu ezinkulu ezinamaphasi ambalwa ukuze kuncishiswe umsebenzi odingekayo kanye nesikhathi esithathwayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuze kwandiswe isivuno sensimu, ukulingana kokusabalala kubalulekile ngokufanayo.

Iwaranti nomkhiqizi ohloniphekile

Amabhizinisi ayelulekwa ukuthi akhethe izisakazi zikamanyolo ezivela kubakhiqizi abahloniphekile. Kufanele baqaphele noma iyiphi iwaranti kanye nezaphulelo ezinikezwa ngumkhiqizi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kufanele bahlole ukutholakala kwezingxenye ezisele kanye nabasebenzi ukuze banakekele umshini. Abanye abakhiqizi banikeza ukuqeqeshwa kwabasebenzisa umshini kanye nendlela yokunakekela isisakazeli sikamanyolo.

Sprayers

Sprayers yizinto zasepulazini ezisetshenziselwa ukufafaza imithi yokubulala ukhula nezibulala-zinambuzane ezitshalweni epulazini.

Izinto okufanele zicatshangelwe lapho ukhetha isifutho

Ubukhulu bendawo ezofuthwa

I-sprayer encane izofaneleka izingcezu ezincane zomhlaba. Amabhizinisi athenga izifutho ngezinjongo zokuthengisa kuzodingeka athathe izifutho ezinamandla amakhulu, njengesifafazi esingamagaloni angama-400. Umthamo omncane wokufafaza umshini wokufafaza wamalitha ayi-15. Iphathwa ngesandla futhi ingasetshenzwa ngumuntu oyedwa ukufutha ingadi.

Izimo zezulu

Ukufafaza izitshalo ngamakhemikhali kungase kube usizo. Kodwa-ke, izitshalo zidinga ukufafazwa ngamakhemikhali ahlukene. Ngakho-ke amabhizinisi kufanele acabangele izimo zezulu zendawo ngaphambi kokufafaza. Izinga lokushisa kanye nomswakama lizonquma ukuthi amakhemikhali azongena yini emhlabathini. Usayizi wombhobho kufanele uvumele ukulungiswa kosayizi wamaconsi kanye nokunemba kwesifutho.

Uhlobo lwezitshalo ezifuthwayo

Izitshalo ezifuthwayo zonke zinezidingo ezahlukene. Ezinye zingadinga ukunemba ngenkathi ziqondise izinambuzane endaweni ethile, kanti ezinye zingadinga ukufafaza isitshalo sonke. Kunconywa ukuthi amabhizinisi aqinisekise nabathengisi bawo izitshalo abafuna ukuzifafaza ukuze belulekwe ngesifutho esingcono kakhulu.

Isikhathi nomzamo ngokumelene nezindleko zomshini

Amabhizinisi kufanele futhi akale izindleko zesifutho ngokuqhathanisa nesikhathi nomzamo odingekayo wokusisebenzisa. Isifutho esincane sizobiza phakathi US $ 20 - US $50. Kungase kuthathe isikhathi esiningi ukufafaza ngaphezu kwamahektha ayi-100. Kungaba ngcono ukutshala imali ethe xaxa uma ubukhulu bomhlaba bukhulu ukunciphisa umzamo wokufafaza.

Imicabango yokugcina

Ukwazi amathuluzi okulima afanele kungasiza amabhizinisi ukuthi alondoloze izindleko ezitholwe ngesikhathi sokulima. Ngaphezu kwalokho ukwanda kwesivuno kanye nezinqubo zokulima ezingcono. Lesi sihloko sisize ukukhombisa amabhizinisi ukuthi yini okufanele ayibheke lapho ethenga izinto zokulima, futhi kulabo abafuna ukwazi okwengeziwe, kunezinhlobonhlobo zemishini yokulima etholakalayo Chovm.com.