'Yenziwe eChina' Inokwethenjelwa: Izinzuzo Nezingozi Zokuthola Impahla Evela E-China

Esikhathini esedlule abathengi abaningi bebengahle babheke amalebula athi 'Made in China'. Kodwa ukuthuthukiswa kobuchwepheshe nokukhiqiza kukushintshile lokho. Kulezi zinsuku i-'Made in China' ayisahlotshaniswa nemikhiqizo yekhwalithi ephansi, futhi abahlinzeki base-China bathola idumela lokukhiqiza izimpahla zekhwalithi ephezulu.

Okuqukethwe
Ukuzethemba okusha kulebula ethi 'Made in China'
Izinzuzo nobubi bokuthola usizo oluvela e-China
'Kwenziwe eChina' ngo-2022: Ingabe kufanele uvela eChina?

Ukuzethemba okusha kulebula ethi 'Made in China'

Imikhiqizo 'Yenziwe eShayina' ijwayele ukuhlotshaniswa nomsebenzi wezandla oshibhile, wekhwalithi ephansi kanye nemikhiqizo ekhishwayo. Nokho, izinto sezishintshile manje. Uphawu lokuzethemba izinga lezimpahla ezikhiqizwayo yilokho abatshalizimali manje sebeyamukela kangcono kumikhiqizo yasekhaya yaseShayina. Futhi empeleni, izinhlobo eziningana ezinkulu zaseShayina nazo ukwandisa imisebenzi yabo endaweni kanye nasemhlabeni jikelele.

I-AmCham Shanghai's 2021 China Business Report iphawula lokho cishe 60 amaphesenti ezinkampanini ezihloliwe zibike ukuthi zikhule ukutshalwa kwezimali ngo-2021 uma kuqhathaniswa no-2020. Izibalo zokuthekelisa zase-China nazo zihlale ziphilile, nokukhula okuqhubekayo kuyo yonke le minyaka. $ 2,723.25 billion ku-2020.

Lawa mathrendi akhombisa ukuthembela emandleni okukhiqiza e-China nokuthi abantu abasawathandi amalebula okuthi 'Made in China'.

Izinzuzo nobubi bokuthola usizo oluvela e-China

Ngalokhu kukhuphuka kokutshalwa kwezimali kanye nokuzethemba, amabhizinisi amaningi azobona abakhiqizi baseShayina bedlala indima enkulu kumaketanga abo okukhiqiza. Ngakho-ke kufanelekile ukucatshangelwa izinzuzo kanye nokubi kwempahla yokukhiqiza e-China.

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Izisebenzi ezinekhono ezanele nonjiniyela

Abasebenzi abanamakhono eShayina bakhula ngokushesha. Izisebenzi zaseShayina ezinamakhono zingenye yezinto ezibalulekile eziholela empumelelweni yayo yezomnotho kule minyaka engamashumi amathathu edlule nokuyinto ezoqhubeka nokunikeza iChina umngcele esikhathini esizayo.

Kusukela ngo-2016 kuya ku-2020, i-China ibone ukwanda okungaphezu kwalokho 10 abayizigidi ezingu abasebenzi abanamakhono aphezulu. Ngokusho koMnyango Wezabasebenzi kanye Nezokuphepha Komphakathi waseChina, zikhona abasebenzi abangaphezu kwezigidi ezingu-200 abanamakhono ezweni laseShayina, okuphakathi kwalo abangaphezu kwezigidi ezingu-50 abanamakhono aphakeme.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, irekhodi-phezulu nxazonke izigidi eziyisishiyagalombili abafundi abathweswe iziqu ezinhlelweni ze-undergraduate emakolishi omphakathi namanyuvesi e-China, cishe okuphindwe kabili kwalokho okwabonwa e-US ngo-2020. iminyaka emihlanu ezayo, i-China izogxila ekuhlakuleleni izisebenzi ezintsha, ezisebenzayo, nezinekhono kanye nokwandisa onjiniyela bayo kanye nenani labasebenzi abanamakhono.

Imali esetshenziswa kakhulu ku-R&D

Ukusetshenziswa kwemali okuphezulu ocwaningweni nasekuthuthukisweni (i-R&D) kukhombisa ukuzibophezela ekukhuthazeni ukusungula izinto ezintsha kanye nokwenza ngcono ukusebenza kahle kokukhiqiza kanye nekhwalithi yomkhiqizo. Ukusetshenziswa kwemali kwe-R&D kwase-China kufinyelele phezulu 2.44 amaphesenti yomkhiqizo wayo wasekhaya (GDP) ngo-2021, ikhuphuke ngamaphesenti angu-0.03 ukusuka onyakeni odlule.

Mayelana nezindleko eziphelele, i-China ingeyesibili emhlabeni jikelele echitha imali ku-R&D $ 468 billion uma kuqhathaniswa nokutshalwa kwezimali kwase-US kwe $ 582 billion ku-2018. Futhi abahlaziyi balindele ukuthi iChina iqhubeke nokuvala igebe. Ngokusekelwe ku imibiko yamuva Ukusetshenziswa kwe-R&D kwase-China kube njalo ekhuphuka kancane phakathi neminyaka eyishumi edlule futhi kubonakala sengathi ifinyelela e-US.

Ukusebenza kahle kokukhiqiza okuphezulu

I-China, umkhiqizi omkhulu wezinto ezikhiqizwayo emhlabeni, inesibopho sokukhiqiza okungaphezu kwekota yomhlaba wonke.

Njengesizinda esinamandla sokukhiqiza, iChina izodinga ukuncintisana emhlabeni wonke nabanye abakhiqizi abahamba phambili. Lokhu kuzoholela ekutheni amafemu amaningi azame konke okusemandleni awo ukugcina amakhasimende ngokuqinisekisa ukuthi akhiqiza izimpahla ezisezingeni eliphezulu.

Imvelo yebhizinisi esebenzayo

Ngaphandle kwekhono layo elibanzi lokukhiqiza, i-China inohlelo olubanzi lwezemvelo lwebhizinisi. Uchungechunge lokukhiqiza lubonakala luntula ochwepheshe nabahlinzeki ngakho izinkampani ezithola usizo eChina zizothola amakhono obuchwepheshe nezinsizakalo ezizidingayo zonke endaweni eyodwa.

Okumele sikuqaphele ukuthi amadolobha ahlukene e-China agxila ezimbonini ezahlukene. I-Shenzhen, isibonelo, iyindlela enhle kakhulu yamabhizinisi afuna ukwenza izinto zikagesi njengoba amaphesenti angama-90 ezinto zikagesi zomhlaba zenziwa lapho. Kumabhizinisi asembonini yezingubo, amadolobha aseNingizimu ne-China, njenge-Guangzhou, angase abe inketho engcono kunalokho. Umkhiqizo wemfashini osheshayo u-Shein uyisibonelo esivelele sebhizinisi elikhetha ukusungula ikomkhulu le-supply chain e-Guangzhou.

Ezinye zezinzuzo eziyinhloko zamaqoqo ezimboni ukutholakala kwezinsiza namandla amanethiwekhi okukhiqiza ngaphakathi kwendawo efanayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, amabhizinisi kungenzeka abe nezinye izinketho eziningi angabuyela kuzo uma kunezinkinga ohlelweni lokukhiqiza.

Ukunwetshwa kwemakethe okungenzeka

Ukukhiqiza e-China kuhle kakhulu kumabhizinisi afuna ukwanda e-Asia. I-China isendaweni ekahle, ngakho amabhizinisi angonga ezindlekweni zokuthumela uma epakisha futhi ethumela imikhiqizo yawo esuka e-China ngokuqondile.

Izindleko zabasebenzi eziphansi

Izindleko eziphansi zabasebenzi nazo ziyinzuzo ezinkampanini ezikhetha ukwenza izimpahla eChina. Izindleko zomsebenzi e-China ziphansi uma kuqhathaniswa nezindawo ezifana ne-Europe noma i-US. Ngo-2020, isilinganiso sezindleko zomsebenzi ngehora e-European Union sasingama-EUR 28.5, kuyilapho izindleko zokukhiqiza umsebenzi ngehora eChina zazimi ku-EUR. I-USD 6.5. Lokhu kungahumushela ekongeni kwezindleko ezinkulu uma ukukhiqiza kwenziwa ngezinga elikhulu.

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Izindleko zokuhambisa

Amabhizinisi angabona ukonga izindleko uma ethengisa e-Asia. Kodwa kumabhizinisi athengisa ngakolunye uhlangothi lomhlaba, izindleko eziphezulu zingase zenziwe lapho kuthunyelwa imikhiqizo emhlabeni wonke.

Ukuthumela kungase kungabi yinkinga emikhiqizweni yenani eliphezulu njengogesi noma izinto zikanokusho. Ngokuphambene, izindleko zokuthumela zingase zibe phezulu emikhiqizweni eshibhile yabathengi njengamapotimende. Ngaphandle kwezindleko zokuthumela kwamanye amazwe, amabhizinisi angase abhekane nezikhathi ezinde zokuthumela, ikakhulukazi lapho izimpahla zithuthwa ngolwandle.

'Kwenziwe eChina' ngo-2022: Ingabe kufanele uvela eChina?

Njengoba lesi sihloko sigcizelele, kunezinzuzo ezimbalwa zokukhiqiza eChina. Okubalulekile wukubheka abakhiqizi nabahlinzeki abathembekile ongabathemba ukuthi bazokulethela izimpahla zakho phakathi nesikhathi esithenjisiwe. Ngokwezithiyo, izikhathi zokuthumela nezindleko zingase zingenzeki kuwo wonke amabhizinisi. Noma kunjalo, ilebula ethi 'Made in China' isivele yagqama kakhulu phakathi kwabakhiqizi abasezingeni eliphezulu, kuyilapho izimboni zasekhaya zinikeza amathuba amahle kulabo abathanda ukuthola imikhiqizo nezimpahla zokukhiqiza.

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