I-e-commerce ewela umngcele iye yavela njengendlela eguqukayo yamabhizinisi afuna ukukhula okungakaze kubonwe kanye nokufinyelela kwamanye amazwe esikhathini lapho imakethe yomhlaba wonke ixhumene kakhulu kunangaphambili. Ngo-2023, ukuthengiswa okuphelele kwehle US $1.63 trillion, futhi ochwepheshe baphakamisa ukuthi imakethe izokhuphuka ngo-107% ukuze ifinyelele e-US $3.37 trillion ngo-2028.
Nakuba amandla okufinyelela amakhasimende ngale kwemingcele yendawo ebonakala ethembisa, ukuzulazula ezinkingeni zohwebo oluwela imingcele kungaba inselele, ngakho-ke, kudinga inhlawulo yamaqhinga nokuzivumelanisa nezimo. Kulo mhlahlandlela, sizongena ezintweni eziyisisekelo ze-e-commerce ewela imingcele, sihlole usayizi wemakethe yayo, okuhle nokubi, kanye namathiphu okuphumelela ekuhwebeni kwe-inthanethi phesheya kwezilwandle.
Okuqukethwe
Iyini i-e-commerce ewela umngcele, futhi inkulu kangakanani imakethe?
Izinzuzo ze-e-commerce ewela imingcele
Izinselelo ze-e-commerce ewela imingcele
Izinyathelo ezi-6 zokuphumelela ekuhwebeni kwe-e-border
Isiphetho
Iyini i-e-commerce ewela umngcele, futhi inkulu kangakanani imakethe?
I-Cross-border e-commerce isho inqubo yokuthengisa imikhiqizo namasevisi kumakhasimende aphesheya ngenkundla ye-e-commerce noma isitolo se-inthanethi. Nakuba i-e-commerce ewela umngcele iqondile ukuthengisa online, leli gama libhekisela ekuthengiseni izethameli zamazwe ngamazwe ngaphandle kokucaciswa kwenkundla. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuhwebelana kwemingcele kungaba ku-inthanethi noma okungaxhunyiwe ku-inthanethi.
Imakethe ye-e-commerce ewela umngcele inkulu. Ngokuvumelana ne Isitatimende, ochwepheshe bezimakethe baqaphe imakethe ngamanani ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingama-US $785 ngo-2021 futhi balindele ukuthi ikhule futhi ifinyelele e-US $7.9 trillion ngo-2030. Ukwanda kwamawebhusayithi e-e-commerce kanye nezinqubo ezilula zokubhalisa i-VAT kwenze kwaba lula ukuthengisela amakhasimende awela imingcele. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuvela kwezimakethe zamazwe ngamazwe ezichumayo ezifana IBrazil, Turkey, neNdiya ikhuthaza osomabhizinisi ukuthi balisebenzise leli thuba ukukhulisa amabhizinisi abo.
Abadlali abagqama kakhulu kwezentengiso ye-elekthronikhi ewela imingcele yi-Amazon, i-Chovm, i-AliExpress, ne-eBay, ehweba ngemikhiqizo emazweni ngamazwe ngamanani ancomekayo.
Izinzuzo ze-e-commerce ewela imingcele
Ukuzibandakanya e-commerce ewela umngcele kuyisinqumo esikhulu kunoma yiliphi ibhizinisi. Ngakho-ke, kubalulekile ukuqonda izinzuzo zayo. Nazi ezinye zezinzuzo:
1. Amathuba okwandisa amazwe ngamazwe
Inzuzo ye-e-commerce ewela umngcele ukuthi iveza amabhizinisi ezimakethe ezintsha. Ukwandisa ibhizinisi lakho ngale kwemingcele kungakhuphula isisekelo samakhasimende akho, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ibhizinisi lakho lenza kanjani ngaphambili. Thatha isitolo se-inthanethi se-Apple, apple.com, isibonelo, lapho amakhasimende angamazwe angathenga amagajethi ezindaweni zawo. Lokhu kufinyelela kwemakethe okunwetshiwe kuthuthukisa isisekelo samakhasimende abo, ekugcineni kukhulise umugqa wawo ophansi.
2. Ukubonakala komkhiqizo
Ukuqwashisa ngomkhiqizo kubalulekile kunoma yiliphi ibhizinisi elihlose ukuba yibhizinisi lamazwe ngamazwe. Ngokunweba ibhizinisi lakho lidlule imingcele, amakhasimende akuhlonza njengomholi womhlaba, ngaleyo ndlela enze kube nokwenzeka ukwakha umphakathi wabathengi abathanda imikhiqizo yakho.
Isibonelo, ngo-2021, uNike wabona US $17.2 billion, noma u-39% yokuthengiswa kwayo emhlabeni wonke, ivela eNyakatho Melika, kanye nama-61% avela kwamanye amazwe. Ngenxa yokubonakala komkhiqizo, i-Europe, Middle East, kanye ne-Afrika ilethe ama-US $11.5 billion, ama-US $8.3 billion avela e-Greater China, kanye nama-dollar ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-5.3 avela eLatin America nase-Asia-Pacific.
3. Isidingo unyaka wonke
Ukukhawulela ibhizinisi lakho endaweni eyodwa kungaba kubi, ikakhulukazi ezinkathini zonyaka lapho ukwehla kwesidingo sezinto. Ngokuhwebelana kwemingcele, amabhrendi emfashini athanda nezingubo e-Switzerland idayisela izethameli zomhlaba izingubo zokugqoka zasebusika ngisho nasehlobo eSwitzerland futhi ngokuphambene nalokho. Ngakho-ke, inkampani ingagxila emisebenzini yayo yebhizinisi ezifundeni ezinesidingo esikhulu, ngisho nalapho isidingo semikhiqizo kwezinye izindawo sehla.
4. Ukwenyuka kokusimama kwebhizinisi
Abathengi banamuhla bakhangwa amabhizinisi alungele imvelo. Ngokwenhlolovo evela McKinsey & Company, u-66% wabo bonke abaphendula kanye no-75% wabaphenduli beminyaka eyinkulungwane bayavuma ukuthi ukusimama kuthonya izinqumo zabo zokuthenga. Ukuze uphumelele emingceleni yamazwe ngamazwe, amabhrendi amaningi aphendukela kwezentengiselwano ezisimeme.
Isibonelo ukuthi Unilever, esebenzisa izinto zokusetshenziswa ezisimeme ezifana namafutha esundu atholwe ngendlela efanele ukuze kuliwe nomthelela wawo kwezemvelo. Inkampani iphinde yathembisa ukuthi izonciphisa imfucuza yokupakisha ngo-2025 futhi isungule izinhlelo eziningi zokuvuselela kabusha ukuqinisa imizamo yayo yokuphinda isetshenziswe.
5. Ukufinyelela okungeziwe kumakhasimende wokugcina
Ukwehlukanisa ibhizinisi lakho libe izimakethe zamazwe ngamazwe kukunikeza ukufinyelela kubathengi bokugcina abengeziwe. Isibonelo yilesi I-Procter & Gamble, ethengisa imikhiqizo yayo ezigidini zamakhasimende emazweni angaphezu kuka-180. Ezinye zemikhiqizo yazo zihlanganisa Ama-Pampers, Gillette, I-Tide, Futhi Crest.
6. Inzuzo yokuncintisana
Ebhizinisini, ukuncintisana kuholela izinkampani ukuthi zithole amathuba angasebenzela zona. Phakathi kwamasu amabhizinisi ahlakaniphile awasebenzisayo ukukhomba abathengi bamazwe ngamazwe ukuze banqobe izimbangi zakuleli. Ukuba ngowokuqala ukungena ezimakethe ezintsha kukusiza ukuthi uthole inzuzo yokuqala, okukuvumela ukuthi wakhe isisekelo samakhasimende aphesheya ngaphambi kwesimbangi. Izibonelo zezinkampani ezinenzuzo yokuncintisana zihlanganisa Chovm, EBay, Futhi Amazon.
Izinselelo ze-e-commerce ewela imingcele
Ngenkathi ukukhulisa ibhizinisi lakho ngaphesheya kwemingcele kunezinzuzo, kukhona ukwehla, njenganoma yiliphi elinye ibhizinisi. Ngokuqonda lezi zinselele, izinkampani zingakha amasu okuzinqoba. Nakhu ukubheka izinselelo ezinkulu ongahlangabezana nazo nge-e-commerce ewela umngcele.
1. Izingqinamba zokulawula nezomthetho
Ubuchwepheshe bokulawula nomthetho yizinselelo lapho uhweba ngemikhiqizo yakho phesheya kwezilwandle. Kunoma yiliphi izwe lapho ofisa ukwenza khona imisebenzi yebhizinisi, kufanele ubhekane nehlukile imithetho neziqondiso zentela, amalayisense, kanye nenqwaba yamaphepha okungadambisa futhi kudideke.
Uma ungenalo ubungcweti ezindabeni zomthetho, ukukhiphela izinsizakalo enkampanini yezinkampani zangaphandle kungakhulula ukucindezeleka kokusingatha yonke into ngokuzimela, ikakhulukazi mayelana nesizwe sangaphandle. Ungenza futhi ucwaningo lwakho ukuze unqume izinto ezifana nemithetho yokungenisa nokuthumela ngaphandle, amasiko nemisebenzi, kanye nezidingo zama-invoyisi.
Ubambiswano olusemthethweni ngokusebenzisana namanye amabhizinisi asebenza ezweni okuhlosiwe lungakusiza futhi ukuthi unqobe izinkinga zomthetho phesheya. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukusebenza nochwepheshe bokuphatha ukuthobela noma abameli bebhizinisi bamazwe ngamazwe kungaqinisekisa ukuthi ibhizinisi lakho aliguquki mayelana nezindaba zezomthetho.
2. Umgoqo wamasiko nolimi
Ukuhwebelana kwelinye izwe kuvame ukubeka izinselelo zamasiko nezolimi phakathi kwakho nabathengi bakho. Ungabhekana nalezi zinselele usebenzisa amathuluzi olimi noma wenze okwasendaweni iwebhusayithi yakho ye-e-commerce.
Amathuluzi afana nesofthiwe yokuhumusha yokudala okuqukethwe okuhumushiwe noma ukuxhumana okwenzelwe amakhasimende ezweni langaphandle, kanye nama-plugin esiphequluli azihumusha ngokuzenzakalelayo, angasiza ukubhekana nezinkinga zesithiyo solimi.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ukwenza iwebhusayithi yakho ibe eyasendaweni ukuze iqondise izethameli ezinokwehluka kwezilimi kudala ukuxhumana okujulile nokuba nomthelela namakhasimende ezweni elifanele.
3. Ukukhwabanisa kwenkokhelo
Ukukhwabanisa kwenkokhelo kuvamile ngemisebenzi ewela imingcele, inselele engaphezu kwalokho isigamu samabhizinisi sibhekene. I-Stripe ikuchaza njengohlobo lokukhwabanisa kwezezimali lapho umuntu esebenzisa ngamabomu ulwazi olungamanga noma oluntshontshiwe ukuze athenge. Amakhadi esikweletu ngokuvamile asetshenziselwa ukwenza izinkokhelo ze-inthanethi, futhi yilapho ukukhwabanisa okuningi kwenzeka khona.
Ungabhekana nalolu daba njengomthengisi waku-inthanethi ngokusebenzisa amasistimu okuqinisekisa ikheli, noma i-AVS, egunyaza amakhasimende ukuthi asebenzise amakhadi esikweletu. Ungaphinda uthuthukise izindlela zokulwa nokukhwabanisa njengokuqinisekisa okuqinile noma izindlela zokukhokha ezivikelekile njenge izinkokhelo zeselula.
4. Izinkinga zokushintshisana kwamanye amazwe
Ukuphatha izimali zakwamanye amazwe kungalimaza imizamo ye-e-commerce ewela imingcele. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi esinye sezizathu ezenza amakhasimende ashiye ngaphambi kwesikhathi iwebhusayithi ye-e-commerce kungenxa yokungakwazi ukuguqula uhlobo lwemali lwesitolo lube yimali yabo yasendaweni.
Amabhizinisi angabhekana nalolu daba ngokufaka izinhlelo noma ama-plugin ukuze abale futhi aguqule izimali kumawebhusayithi e-e-commerce.
5. Izithiyo zokuhamba kanye nokuthunyelwa kwemikhumbi
Noma yiliphi ibhizinisi elisebenza kwezohwebo lwamazwe ngamazwe kungenzeka lihlangabezane nezinkinga zezokuthutha nezokuthuthwa kwemikhumbi. Lezi zinkinga kungaba iphutha lomuntu, ukuphatha izinto ngendlela engafanele, ukubambezeleka kokungena imvume yokuba okuthile kwenzeke, nezinkinga zobuchwepheshe.
Ukuze kuncishiswe lezi zinkinga, amabhizinisi adinga ukucabangela izikhathi zokuthumela, imisebenzi, nezintela, kanye nezinsiza namathuluzi adingekayo ukuze kube nenqubo yokuthumela ngokushelelayo.
Izinyathelo ezi-6 zokuphumelela ekuhwebeni kwe-e-border
Ukuphumelela ekuhwebeni kwe-e-border kudinga indlela yamasu yokuzulazula ebunzimeni bayo. Nazi izinyathelo eziyisithupha ezibheka ukuthi ungachuma kanjani ekuhwebeni kwe-e-border.
1. Thola izimakethe ezifanele zemikhiqizo yakho
Ngaphambi kokukhulisa ibhizinisi lakho eliku-inthanethi ngale kwemingcele yasekhaya, khomba izimakethe ezihambisana nemikhiqizo ohlose ukuyithengisa. Uzodinga ukwenza ucwaningo olunzulu ukuze uqonde isidingo, isiko, kanye nemithetho yokulawula yezimakethe ezingaba khona. Ukwengeza, izici ezifana ne-GDP yezwe, inani labantu, ukuziphatha kwabathengi, namandla okuthenga kubalulekile uma ufuna amazwe ongawaqondisa.
Ezinye izindlela zokukusiza ukuthi ukhombe izimakethe ezingaba khona lapho umkhiqizo wakho uzophumelela zihlanganisa ukusebenzisa amathuluzi ocwaningo afana I-Country Commercial Guides ukuhlaziya amathrendi aku-inthanethi. Khumbula ukuhlola ukuncintisana emakethe ngayinye ukukusiza ukuthi ulungise indlela yakho ngendlela efanele futhi uhlukanise iminikelo yakho.
2. Hlola ukuthi imikhiqizo yakho iwela ngaphansi kwezinto zohwebo ezivinjelwe
Ngemuva kokunciphisa imakethe ehlosiwe engahle ibe khona, udinga ukuqonda ukuthi yiziphi izinto ezivunyelwe noma cha kuleso sifunda. Izindawo ezihlukene zinemithetho neziqondiso ezihlukene, futhi imikhiqizo ethile ingase ibe ngaphansi kokuvinjelwa kokungenisa, izimfuneko zamalayisense, noma izindinganiso zekhwalithi. Nakuba kungase kube nemakethe enkulu yemikhiqizo yakho ngaphandle, ungase ungafuni ukuba sohlangothini olungalungile lomthetho.
Ungaphinda uqinisekise ukuthi uthobela imithetho yendawo ngokuxoxisana nabezomthetho noma ngokuthintana nezigungu ezilawulayo ezifanele. Ukuqonda nokuthobela imithetho yokungenisa kuvimbela izinkinga ezingokomthetho ezingaba khona futhi kwakha isithunzi esinokwethenjelwa emakethe yomhlaba.
3. Thola amasu entengo alezi zimakethe ezintsha
Intengo iyingxenye ebalulekile ye-e-commerce ewela umngcele. Njengosomabhizinisi, ufuna ukuqinisekisa ukuthi unokucabangisisa kahle isu lamanani. Lokhu kuzobandakanya ukucatshangelwa okufanele kwezinto ezifana nezilinganiso zokushintshisana ngemali, izinkambiso zentengo yendawo, kanye nezindleko zokwenza ibhizinisi emakethe ngayinye eqondiwe.
Ezinye izinto okudingeka uziqaphele zihlanganisa izintela ezivela kwamanye amazwe, intela yempahla, nezinye izinhlawulo ezingase zithinte umthengi wokugcina. Uma usuzimisile izintengo zakho, xhumana nezinhlaka zentengo kumakhasimende akho ngenkathi uhlanganisa zonke izindleko ezihambisanayo ukuze ugweme izimanga enqubweni yabo yokuthenga.
4. Sebenzisa ngokugcwele izinsiza zomhlinzeki wezinto ezisetshenziswayo (i-3PL).
Ukuthumela phesheya kwezilwandle kungaba inselele, futhi ukulandelela ngempumelelo wonke ama-oda futhi uwathumele kumakhasimende, ukusebenzisa izinsiza zokuhlela zezinkampani zangaphandle kungakongela ikhanda elibuhlungu emgwaqeni. Ochwepheshe bezokuthutha banesibopho sakho konke ukuthumela nezinye izinkonzo, njengokugcina impahla kanye nokusabalalisa. Abanye babahlinzeki abahamba phambili emhlabeni jikelele bahlanganisa i-DHL, Americold, I-FedEx, kanye ne-UPS.
5. Ukwesekwa kwamakhasimende kwangaphandle
Udinga uhlelo olusebenzayo lokusekela amakhasimende ukuze wakhe ukwethenjwa futhi uqinisekise ukwaneliseka kumakhasimende akho ezimakethe zaphesheya. Nokho, ukuphatha imibuzo yamakhasimende, izithiyo zolimi, kanye nokwehluka kwendawo yesikhathi kungaba inselele. Ukuze unqobe lezi zingqinamba, nikeza ukwesekwa kwamakhasimende kuma-ejensi wendawo noma uqashe abasebenzi abasekela izilimi eziningi. Lokhu kuzoqinisekisa ukuthi amakhasimende akho athola usizo ngesikhathi nokuthi ukukhathazeka kwawo kusingathwa ngolimi angaluqonda.
6. Yakha isu ongaliphinda
Ukungaguquguquki kuyisihluthulelo ku-e-commerce ewela umngcele. Ngakho-ke, udinga ukwakha isu eliphindaphindekayo ongalisebenzisa kuzo zonke izimakethe ezahlukahlukene. Lokhu kubandakanya ukubhala phansi izici eziyimpumelelo zendlela yakho, okuhlanganisa namaqhinga okungena emakethe, amasu entengo, kanye izixazululo Logistics. Kufanele futhi uhlole njalo futhi ulungise isu lakho ngokusekelwe empendulweni yemakethe, imithetho eshintshayo, namathrendi ashintshayo wabathengi ukuze uhlale uvumelana nezimo futhi unokuncintisana.
Isiphetho
I-Cross-border e-commerce iyindlela enhle yokuthuthukisa isithombe somkhiqizo wakho ngenkathi uzibonakalisa njengomholi wemakethe yomhlaba. Nakuba ukusungula ibhizinisi eliku-inthanethi ngale kwemingcele yakho kunezinzuzo zako, ukuqonda izinselelo zalo akufanele kubukezwe phansi. Ngamathiphu akulo mhlahlandlela, ungavula amandla amakhulu ezimakethe zamazwe ngamazwe futhi wakhe ubukhona bomhlaba obuzinzile.
