Amathrendi Emakethe Yemishini Yezimayini

Imakethe yemishini yezimayini ikhula ngokushesha kunangaphambili. Ukukhula kubangelwa imisebenzi eminingi yokwakha emhlabeni wonke ethembele emishinini yezimayini ukuze kukhishwe isihlabathi, amatshe amatshe, i-limestone, ne-gypsum.

Amazwe nezinkampani zizoqhubeka nokwakha imigwaqo, izakhiwo, amabhuloho nezimboni, ngaleyo ndlela kuqhubekisele phambili isidingo semishini yezimayini.

Lesi sihloko sigxile kuzitayela ezivelayo zobuchwepheshe kanye nezwe emakethe yemishini yezimayini kanye nendlela ezithinta ngayo umkhiqizo. Lolu lwazi ngokungangabazeki luzosiza amabhizinisi ukuthi avune ekukhuleni kwemboni.

Nakhu ukuqagela kwemakethe yomhlaba wonke.

Okuqukethwe
Imakethe yomhlaba wonke yemishini yezimayini
Izitayela zemakethe yezimayini emazweni ahlukene
Izitayela zobuchwepheshe

Imakethe yomhlaba wonke yemishini yezimayini

Ngo-2021, imakethe yemishini yezimayini emhlabeni wonke yalinganiselwa ku-$133 billion futhi bekulindeleke ukuthi ikhule ngezinga lokukhula elihlanganisiwe lonyaka. (CAGR) ka-4.1% ifinyelele ku-$185 billion ngo-2030.

Ezinye zezinto ezithuthukisa ukukhula kwemakethe yemishini yezimayini zifaka:

- Ukwenyuka kokusetshenziswa kwemishini ezenzakalelayo yokumba ngaphansi komhlaba

- Ukwandiswa okulindelekile koxhaxha lwemigwaqo nololiwe ezindaweni ezinamagquma emazweni afana neChina neNdiya

- Ukuqamba okusha kwedijithali okuthuthukisiwe embonini yezimayini eminyakeni embalwa ezayo

- Ukwesekwa okukhulisiwe kukahulumeni kanye nokutshalwa kwezimali ezinhlelweni ezihlukene zedijithali

- Ukuqamba kanye nokuthuthukiswa kwemishini yokukhipha kanye nobuchwepheshe

Izibalo zemboni ezinhle ziheha isasasa elikhulu kubatshalizimali ezindaweni ezahlukene.

Izitayela zemakethe yezimayini emazweni ahlukene

Izimboni ezimbalwa zomhlaba zithembele ezintweni ezimbiwa phansi ezikhishwe ngaphansi komhlaba, njengamalahle ukuze zithole amandla nensimbi nensimbi ukuze kwakhiwe.

Lokhu kuholele ekukhuleni ngokushesha kwemakethe yezimayini kusuka ku-$2,064.72 billion ngo-2022 kuya ku-$3,358.82 billion ngo-2026 I-CAGR ye-12.9%. Lokhu kukhula kungachazwa ngezinqubomgomo ezahlukene zikahulumeni ezeseka imboni yezimayini. Cabangela ezinye izitayela zezizwe ezihlukahlukene.

Brazil

I-Brazil iyisizinda sezimayini somhlaba wonke esithatha indawo yabahlanu abahamba phambili phakathi kwabakhiqizi bezimbiwa emhlabeni jikelele abanemithombo efakazelwe yezimpahla ezibalulekile. Ingumkhiqizi wokuqala we-niobium emhlabeni jikelele futhi ine-ore yesibili ngobukhulu ye-manganese nensimbi.

I-Brazil iphinde ikleliswe njengomunye wabakhiqizi abahamba phambili be-tin ne-bauxite futhi inothe ngamadiphozithi egolide, i-nickel, ama-phosphates, ithusi, i-aluminium, nomhlaba ongavamile. Izwe linikele izindawo ezimbalwa kwezezimayini, okuholele ezinkambisweni eziphawulekayo.

Izwe liphethe inkampani yezimayini yesithathu ngobukhulu emhlabeni kanye nomkhiqizi omkhulu wensimbi—i-Vale.

Imboni yezimayini yaseBrazil inikeza amathuba ambalwa okutshala imali, okuhlanganisa:

- Ukuthengiswa kwemishini yezimayini njengamaloli azimele, izinto ezisindayo, izithuthi zamabhande, imishini enyakazisa umhlaba, imishini yokugaya, nemishini yokumba.

- Izinsizakalo zokunakekela zokuhlola, ukwenza imephu, ukumba, kanye nemishini yokukhipha.

– Ukusatshalaliswa kwempahla yokumba engaphansi komhlaba, esesigabeni sokuthuthukiswa kwezwe.

Australia

Izimayini ziyinsika enkulu yezomnotho yase-Australia, izwe elingenisa imali enkulu ngokuthumela izinsiza ezimbalwa ezibalulekile kwamanye amazwe. Imboni yezimayini impompa amakhulu ezigidigidi zamadola ase-Australia emnothweni futhi iqashe izinkulungwane zama-Aussies.

Le mboni iphinde ibe nesandla ekuthelekeni kwabantu bokufika abafuna izimpilo ezingcono.

Izwe lemba futhi lithumele kwamanye amazwe amalahle, insimbi, igolide, i-alumina, i-bauxite, nezinye izimbiwa, kanti amalahle ayiwona mthombo omkhulu wamandla kuleli.

I-Australia nayo inakho izindawo zokugcina zegolide ezinkulu kunazo zonke emhlabeni futhi ungumholi womhlaba wonke kumaminerali e-lithium efunwa kakhulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izwe linegesi yemvelo eyanele kanye nezakhi zomhlaba eziyivelakancane, okunomthelela enkambweni yezimayini zase-Australia.

Izimayini zase-Australia zinikeza amathuba ayingqayizivele kubatshalizimali bomdabu nabangaphandle. Lawa mathuba ahlanganisa:

- Ukunikezwa kwemishini yezimayini yobuchwepheshe obuphezulu njengezimoto ezingashayeli, ama-drill, kanye nezimbambi ezivela eJapan, USA, China naseJalimane

– Ukwenyuka kokuthunyelwa kwempahla kwamanye amazwe

- Ukunikezwa kwamandla avuselelekayo ngokukhiqizwa kwe-hydrogen eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka

Indonesia

Imboni yezimayini neyensimbi yase-Indonesia inegalelo elikhulu ezweni I-GDP ngo-4-6%. Ngo-2020, lo mkhakha wanikela ngemali eyizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingama-35.6 zamaRandi, okusho ukuthi a I-CAGR ye-11.6% kusuka ku-2016.

Leli zwe lase-Asia-Pacific lineziqhingi ezingaba ngu-17,000 80 ezikhiqiza amaminerali amakhulu nezinqolobane, njengamalahle, igolide, ithusi, i-bauxite, i-nickel ne-tin. I-Indonesia ingeyesithathu ngobukhulu emhlabeni ngokukhiqiza amalahle, ithumela kwamanye amazwe amaphesenti angama-XNUMX okukhiqizwa kwayo kukaphethiloli owomile.

Imboni yezimayini yase-Indonesia inikeza amathuba kubatshalizimali, okuhlanganisa:

- Ukuhlinzekwa kwezixazululo ezintsha ekucutshungulweni kwamalahle namaminerali

- Ukuqanjwa kabusha kwamandla avuselelekayo njengoba izwe lihlose ukususa imboni yalo yezimayini isuka kumafutha ensalela phansi iye kwi-solar, hydro, kanye ne-biomass

- Ukuhlinzekwa kwezimoto zikagesi nezonga amandla ukuze zihlole izimayini ezingaphansi komhlaba

Chile

I-Chile ingelinye izwe elinemboni enkulu yezimayini egxile ekukhiqizeni ithusi. Ikhiqiza u-29% wethusi womhlaba futhi ithatha isikhundla sesibili ekukhiqizeni i-lithium (22% wesabelo somhlaba wonke).

I-Chile ikhiqiza inani eliphezulu le-rhenium, iodine, ne-potassium nitrate. Ngo-2021, imboni yezimayini yaqhuma $ 317 billion kwi-GDP yezwe, okungamaphesenti ayi-15 okuthunyelwa kwayo kwamanye amazwe.

Leli zwe lase-Andean libonise ukuthi libamba iqhaza elikhulu embonini yezimayini. Nakuba ithusi liyinsimbi eyinhloko eChile, izinkampani zezimayini zibuye zivune isiliva, i-molybdenum, negolide.

Abatshalizimali kufanele baqaphele ukuthi intuthuko yezobuchwepheshe embonini ikhiqize amathuba amaningana ahlukile afana nalawa:

– Isidingo esikhulu sezimoto zikagesi

– Imithetho yezimayini evumayo eyenza kube lula kubatshalizimali ukusungula izinkampani zezimayini ezweni

Izitayela zobuchwepheshe

Imakethe yemishini yezimayini nayo ithintwa izitayela ezimbalwa zobuchwepheshe ezihloselwe ukukhulisa umkhiqizo, ukunciphisa izindleko, nokuvikela imvelo. Cabangela eminye yale mikhuba.

Amasistimu we-automation
Imboni yezimayini yamukela ubuchwepheshe ngokuthola amathuluzi nemishini emisha. Imishini emisha ihloselwe ukukhulisa umkhiqizo kanye nokunciphisa izingozi zezingozi ezimayini.

Eminye imishini emisha yezimayini ihlanganisa amarobhothi ezimayini ngaphansi komhlaba, amaloli kagesi okumba izimayini asebenza ngebhethri, ama-rockers kagesi angaphansi komhlaba, ama-drill & breaker, izimoto ezizimele, kanye nemishini.

Amasistimu e-automation aphinde anciphise ukuthembela ngokweqile emsebenzini wabantu futhi anikeze idatha enembile ukuze kuthathwe izinqumo.

Ukufunda komshini

Imboni yezimayini isebenzisa i-AI ukuze ithuthukise ukusebenza kwempahla futhi ibikezele ukugcinwa komshini, ngaleyo ndlela yehlise isikhathi sokuphumula esingalindelekile.

Ukufunda ngomshini kusiza abahloli ukuthi bathole izinto zokusetshenziswa, bathuthukise ukuphathwa kwe-ore, futhi bathuthukise izilawuli zezempilo nokuphepha.

Ngaphandle kwezilawuli zokuphepha, ukufaka izinhlelo ze-AI njengezinzwa ezithola ukuwohloka kwensimbi kuholela ekongeni kwezindleko ezibalulekile.

Ukusatshalaliswa kobuchwepheshe obusha

Ukwamukelwa kobuchwepheshe obusha obufana nesofthiwe yetafula yamaqhinga nesebenzayo e-Brazil kusiza izinkampani zezimayini ukuthi zihlole uchungechunge lwechweba lemayini yesitimela. Lokhu kuhlola kungadambisa umthelela wokuwohloka kukaloliwe noma imishini.

Isofthiwe ingakwazi futhi ukubona ukuphazamiseka komzila wesitimela, ixwayise ithimba, futhi ibale kabusha umzila wesitimela omusha.

Ubuchwepheshe obuluhlaza

Ukushintsha kwesimo sezulu kanye nomthelela wako kwezemvelo kunomthelela ekwamukelweni kobuchwepheshe bezimayini eziluhlaza. Izinkampani zezimayini zamukela ubuchwepheshe bamandla ahlanzekile ukuze kuncishiswe ukukhishwa kwamagesi abamba ukushisa emkhathini.

Lezi zinkampani zihlangene amasistimu we-solar PV, umoya, igesi, nebhethri ukunciphisa i-carbon footprint yabo yemayini. Balandelela ukukhishwa kwekhabhoni yabo ukuze banqume izindawo abangazithuthukisa ukuze bahlangabezane nezinjongo zikahulumeni zokunciphisa ikhabhoni.

Impilo nokuphepha

Omunye umkhuba wezimayini ukwanda kokugxila empilweni nokuphepha kwabavukuzi ngokutshala imali izigqoko ezihlakaniphile nezinto ezigqokwayo. Ukuvimbela nokuvikela abavukuzi emsebenzini kubalulekile ekusizeni izinkampani ukuba zithole imboni engenabungozi.

Ngaphandle kokubhekana nempilo yabasebenzi basezimayini, kunokugxila okwengeziwe empilweni yengqondo yabasebenzi.

Amandla avuselelekayo/athuthela emnothweni onekhabhoni ephansi

Amazwe amaningana ezimayini asebenzise intela ye-carbon, okuphoqa izinkampani zezimayini ukuthi zenze izinhlelo zokwamukela ubuchwepheshe bekhabhoni ephansi. Izinkampani eziningi zicabanga ukufaka esikhundleni noma ukugcwalisa amafutha enziwe ngezinto ezimbiwa phansi ngamandla avuselelekayo njenge-biomass, i-solar, kanye nezisetshenziswa ezisebenza ngogesi.

Izimayini ezihlakaniphile kanye ne-inthanethi Yezinto

Imboni yezimayini ihlanganyele nabahlinzeki benethiwekhi ye-5G, ngaleyo ndlela yenza kube lula ukuthunyelwa kwezimayini ezihlakaniphile. Izimayini ezihlakaniphile kulindeleke ukuthi zithuthukise ukuphepha emsebenzini kwabavukuzi ngokunciphisa ubungozi bokulimala.

Ukwengeza, izimayini ezihlakaniphile zihlanganisa ukusebenzisa ubuhlakani bokwenziwa kanye nedatha enkulu ukusiza ekuthathweni kwezinqumo ngokushesha. Kuzosiza futhi ukusebenzisa amasistimu ahlukahlukene, izindlela, kanye nezinqubomgomo zokusekela ukusebenza kwezinkampani eziningi.

3D zokunyathelisa

Izinkampani zezimayini zibambisana nezinkampani zokuphrinta ze-3D ukuthuthukisa ukukhiqizwa kwezingxenye zemishini yezimayini. Ngobuchwepheshe bokuphrinta be-3D, imboni ibheke ngabomvu ekudaleni amathani ezingxenye zomshini nsuku zonke.

Imisebenzi ekude

Enye yezindlela ezinkulu zokumba izimayini ukwamukelwa kokusebenza kude, okwasheshiswa yilolu bhubhane. Nakuba ezinye izinkampani bezithuthukisa futhi zithuthukisa izixazululo zokusebenza ezikude, imboni yezimayini ibinovalo ngakho.

Kodwa-ke, ngedijithali, eminye imisebenzi ingenziwa ukude, ngaleyo ndlela kuncishiswe ukuminyana kwesizinda kanye nezingozi ezingaba khona. Imisebenzi yokuzimela iphinde ikhuthaze ukusebenza okukude lapho imishini ingaqhubeka nokusebenza ngaphandle kokuthi abantu bangene ngokoqobo ezimayini.

Isiphetho

Izinkampani zezimayini nabatshalizimali abaqondise ama-ore ahlukahlukene emhlabeni wonke bangazuza kuzitayela eziningi kulawa mazwe. Wonke amazwe anezimayini anobuchwepheshe obusafufusa kanye nezitayela ezithintwa umthetho nemithetho yomhlaba.

Umuntu angasebenzisa amathrendi ukuze atshale imali emishinini yesimanje ukuze athuthukise ukukhiqiza futhi anciphise umthelela wendawo. Lezi zindlela zingasiza futhi abatshalizimali behlise izindleko zokusebenza futhi bahambisane nezindinganiso zezimayini zamazwe ngamazwe.