Okuqukethwe
● Isingeniso
● Uhlolojikelele lwemakethe
● Izinhlobo zamakhadi ezithombe
● Indlela yokukhetha ikhadi elifanele lemifanekiso
● Isiphetho
Isingeniso
Ukubaluleka kwamakhadi ezithombe kuyaqhubeka kukhula, kudlulela ngalé kokudlala nje ukuya ezindaweni zokudalwa kokuqukethwe okuphrofeshinali kanye nemisebenzi yekhompyutha eyinkimbinkimbi. Lawa makhadi manje abalulekile ekuthuthukiseni ukusebenza kanye nekhwalithi ebonakalayo yezinhlelo zokusebenza kusukela kumageyimu evidiyo agxilile kuye kwisofthiwe yokuklama eyingcaca kanye nezinhlelo zokusebenza eziqhutshwa yi-AI. Ukuvela okusheshayo kobuchwepheshe be-GPU kuholele kumamodeli asebenza kahle kakhulu, anamandla, nawonga amandla abhekelela izidingo ezihlukene zobungcweti nezabathengi. Njengoba amakhadi ezithombe eba yingxenye yentuthuko yezobuchwepheshe kanye nekhompyutha yansuku zonke, ukuqonda amakhono awo nokukhetha elilungile akukaze kubaluleke kakhulu.
Ukubukwa kwemakethe
Imakethe yamakhadi ezithombe ibone ukuthuthuka okubalulekile kwezobuchwepheshe, ikakhulukazi ekuthuthukisweni kwezakhiwo ezisebenza kahle kakhulu kanye nokuthembeka kwezithombe okuthuthukisiwe, okuhambisana nokwenza ngcono ukusebenza kahle kwamandla. Lokhu kuthuthukiswa kubalulekile njengoba abakhiqizi besabela ekwandeni kokuzwela kwabathengi mayelana nezindleko zamandla kanye nomthelela wemvelo. Ngokusho kwe-Digital Trends, amayunithi akamuva okucubungula ihluzo (GPUs) abonisa ukuthuthuka ekusebenzeni kahle kwamandla cishe ngo-25%, kuyilapho eletha ukukhuphuka okufika kokungu-35% kokuphumayo kwezithombe uma kuqhathaniswa nesizukulwane sangaphambilini. Lokhu kuphendukela kwemvelo kuhambisana nesidingo esikhulayo sokulungiswa okuphezulu, ukuzizwisa okugxilile ezinhlelweni ezifana namageyimu neqiniso eliwumbukwane, ogcizelela ukuzibophezela kwemboni ukuphusha imikhawulo yobuchwepheshe bokucubungula izithombe.
Ngaphambili kwesidingo sabathengi, imakethe ihlala iguquguquka, inezidingo ezihlukile kumasegimenti ahlukene. Abadlali bamageyimu banomthelela ikakhulukazi, isidingo sokushayela samakhadi emifanekiso esebenza kahle kakhulu asekela izici eziphambili ezifana nokulandela umsebe wesikhathi sangempela kanye nezithuthukisi eziqhutshwa yi-AI ezifana ne-Deep Learning Super Sampling (DLSS). Lezi zici zisebenzisa ukufundwa komshini ukuze kukhuliswe kakhulu ikhwalithi yesithombe nokusebenza, nge-DLSS iyodwa ethuthukisa izilinganiso zozimele ngokufika ku-40%, njengoba kugqanyiswe yi-TechRadar. Abasebenzisi abangochwepheshe emikhakheni efana nokuhlela ividiyo kanye nomklamo wengcaca babeka phambili amakhadi anikeza ukunemba futhi akwazi ukuphatha kahle imisebenzi eyinkimbinkimbi yokuhlinzeka. Ngaphezu kwalokho, njengoba ukuhlanganiswa kwe-AI kubuchwepheshe be-GPU kuya kujula, kube nokukhuphuka okuphawulekayo kumakhono e-GPU, ngamamodeli amasha abika ukukhuphuka okungama-50% kwamandla okucubungula. Ngokusho kwe-TechRadar, imboni iphinde ibone ukwanda kwezingxenyekazi zekhompiyutha ezikhethekile eziklanyelwe ukuphatha imisebenzi ethile efana nokubala kwe-AI ngendlela ephumelela kakhudlwana, enentuthuko efana nokwenyuka kwama-30% ezibalo eziyinhloko kanye nokwanda okubalulekile komkhawulokudonsa wenkumbulo, okubalulekile ekulawuleni amadathasethi amakhulu kanye nezidingo eziyinkimbinkimbi zekhompyutha.
Izinhlobo zamakhadi ezithombe
Amakhadi ezithombe zokudlala
Kubadlali bamageyimu, izimfuno zamakhadi ezithombe ziphezulu kakhulu, okudinga izixazululo eziqinile ezisingatha ukucutshungulwa kwezithombe ngaphandle kokuyekethisa. Lawa makhadi afakwe inkumbulo ethuthukisiwe ye-GDDR6X, ehlinzeka ngomkhawulokudonsa odingekayo wegeyimu enesinqumo esiphezulu kanye nemiphumela yokubuka eyinkimbinkimbi. Izibalo eziphezulu ze-GPU zibenza bakwazi ukuphatha izindawo ezinemininingwane neziguqukayo ngaphandle komthungo, okuqinisekisa ukudlalwa kwegeyimu okushelelayo ngisho nangaphansi kwezimo ezinzima. Ukwengeza, ubuchwepheshe bokupholisa obuthuthukisiwe njengamasistimu okupholisa uketshezi noma ukusetha abalandeli abaningi kujwayelekile ukuze kulawuleke ukushisa okubalulekile okukhiqizwa phakathi nezikhathi zokudlala ezinde. Ukuhlanganiswa kobuchwepheshe bokulandelela imisebe yesikhathi sangempela kuqhubezela phambili kuphushe umngcele wokwangempela, okuvumela ukukhanya okumangalisayo nemiphumela yethunzi ethuthukisa ukuzizwisa okugxilile kwemidlalo yesimanje.
Amakhadi ezithombe ezichwepheshile
Emkhakheni wokudala okuqukethwe okuphrofeshinali, amakhadi ezithombe enzelwe ukuletha ukunemba nokuphatha amasethi edatha amakhulu ngempumelelo. Lawa ma-GPU afakwe amanani amakhulu e-VRAM, abalulekile ekucubunguleni izithombe namavidiyo anokulungiswa okuphezulu emisebenzini efana nokunikezwa kwe-3D kanye nokugeleza komsebenzi kwemiphumela yokubuka eyinkimbinkimbi. Amakhadi ochwepheshe avame ukufaka amakhompiyutha akhethekile asheshisa ukuhlinzeka nezinqubo eziqhutshwa yi-AI, okubalulekile ekusheshiseni izikhathi zokukhiqiza kuzilungiselelo zochwepheshe. Inkumbulo yekhodi yokulungisa iphutha (ECC) nayo ivame ukuvimbela ukonakala kwedatha, ukuqinisekisa ukunemba nokwethembeka phakathi nemisebenzi ebalulekile. Ibhalansi yamandla, isivinini, nokunemba kwenza lawa makhadi abe amathuluzi abaluleke kakhulu kochwepheshe abasezindaweni ezidinga izithombe.
Amakhadi ehluzo alula
Idizayinelwe ukusetshenziswa kwansuku zonke, amakhadi ezithombe ahlelekile abhekelela abasebenzisi abadinga ukusebenza okuyisisekelo okubonakalayo kwemisebenzi efana nokusakaza-bukhoma imidiya, ukuhlela izithombe okulula, nezinhlelo zokusebenza zasehhovisi. Lawa makhadi ngokuvamile asebenzisa izakhiwo ezonga amandla nezixazululo ezilula zokupholisa ukuze anikeze ukusebenza okwanele kwemisebenzi evamile yekhompuyutha. Ukucushwa kwenkumbulo okufana ne-GDDR6 kuvamile, okuthi nakuba kuhamba kancane kune-GDDR6X esetshenziswa kumakhadi anamandla, kusahlinzeka ngokusebenza okwanele kwezinhlelo zokusebenza ezingasebenzisi kakhulu. Lawa ma-GPU afinyelela ibhalansi elungile phakathi kwezindleko nokusebenza, enikeza umsebenzisi wansuku zonke isixazululo esingabizi kakhulu ngaphandle kwezinsimbi namakhwela amakhadi ezithombe athuthuke kakhulu.
Amakhadi ehluzo ayiHybrid
Amakhadi ezithombe eziyingxubevange asiza abasebenzisi abaxazulula izidingo phakathi kwamageyimu asebenza kahle kakhulu kanye nekhompyutha evamile. Lawa ma-GPU ahlukahlukene, afakwe isibalo esimaphakathi se-GPU nenkumbulo ye-GDDR6, ekwazi ukusekela imidlalo engavamile, ukudlalwa kwevidiyo, nemisebenzi yezithombe edingeka kakhulu kunomsebenzi ovamile wasehhovisi. Zivame ukuza nezixazululo ezisebenzayo zokupholisa ezihlala zithule ngaphansi komthwalo, okuzenza zilungele izindawo zamahhovisi asekhaya lapho amazinga omsindo ekhathaza khona. Amakhadi e-Hybrid amelela indawo emaphakathi, ahlinzeka ngokusebenza okungcono kunamamodeli aqondisiwe ngaphandle kwethegi yenani eliphezulu lemidlalo yezinga eliphezulu noma ama-GPU angochwepheshe.
Amakhadi ezithombe ezikhethekile
Ngaphandle kwezigaba ezijwayelekile, imakethe iphinde ibone amakhadi emifanekiso akhethekile aklanyelwe izinhlelo zokusebenza ze-niche. Lokhu kufaka phakathi ama-GPU alungiselelwe imisebenzi efana nezimayini ze-crypto currency namamodeli ahlangene ahloselwe ama-PC amafomu amancane lapho isikhala siphezulu kakhulu. Lawa makhadi akhethekile angase afake ukuzivumelanisa nezimo njengokunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwamandla, izinketho zokuxhuma ezithuthukisiwe zezibonisi eziningi, noma amasistimu okupholisa angenzi lutho ukuze alingane nezidingo zomsebenzisi ezihlukile. Njengoba izidingo zabasebenzisi zihlukahluka, lawa makhadi ezithombe ezikhethekile ahlinzeka ngezixazululo ezenzelwe wena ezisekela izinhlelo zokusebenza ezithize ngale kwemidlalo evamile kanye nezimo zokudala okuqukethwe.
Ukukhetha ikhadi lemifanekiso elilungile
Ukusebenza okusekelwe kuhlelo lokusebenza
Lapho ukhetha ikhadi lezithombe, ukuhlola izidingo zokusebenza ngokusekelwe kuhlelo lokusebenza oluhlosiwe kubalulekile. Kubadlali bamageyimu, ikhadi lezithombe kufanele liphathe ukucutshungulwa kwezithombe okujulile, okuhlanganisa ukusekelwa kokulandela umsebe wesikhathi sangempela kanye nezithuthukisi eziqhutshwa yi-AI njenge-DLSS (Deep Learning Super Sampling). Lobu buchwepheshe buthuthukisa kakhulu ikhwalithi yokubuka nokuphendula kwemidlalo, okuvumela ukuzizwisa okungokoqobo nokugxilile kwemidlalo. Ngokusho kwe-TechRadar, amakhadi ezithombe analawa makhono awanikezi nje kuphela ikhwalithi yesithombe ephezulu kodwa futhi agcina amanani ozimele aphezulu, abalulekile ukuze uthole ulwazi lwegeyimu olushelelayo. Lokhu kwenza izici ezinjalo zibaluleke kakhulu ekusethweni kwemidlalo yesimanje, ikakhulukazi kulabo abadlala imidlalo edinga umdwebo.
Ukuqinisekisa ukuhambisana kwesistimu
Ukuhambisana namasistimu akhona kuyisisekelo ekukhetheni ikhadi elifanele lezithombe. Kubalulekile ukuthi ikhadi lezithombe lihambisane nesixhumi esibonakalayo sebhodi lomama—imvamisa i-PCIe—futhi lilingana nobukhulu bekesi lekhompyutha yomsebenzisi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukunikezwa kwamandla kufanele kube nomthamo owanele wokusekela izidingo zamandla ekhadi; ukungafani lapha kungaholela ekungazinzini kwesistimu noma ukwehluleka kwehadiwe. Abasebenzisi badinga ukuhlola ukusethwa kwesistimu yabo yamanje ukuze baqinisekise ukuthi ingakwazi ukusekela izingxenyekazi zekhompuyutha ezintsha ngaphandle kokudinga ukuguqulwa okubalulekile noma ukuthuthukiswa, okuqinisekisa ukuhlanganiswa okungenazihibe kwe-GPU entsha ohlelweni lwabo olukhona.
Ukusebenzisa intuthuko yezobuchwepheshe
Umthelela wentuthuko yezobuchwepheshe efana nokulandela imisebe kanye nezithuthukisi eziqhutshwa yi-AI kumakhadi ezithombe azikwazi ukugcizelelwa. Ubuchwepheshe bokulandelela i-ray buthuthukisa ukukhanya kwesikhathi sangempela kanye nethunzi, kwenze izindawo ezibonakalayo zifane nempilo, isici esesivame kakhulu emakhadini ezithombe asezingeni eliphezulu. Izithuthukisi ze-AI ezifana ne-DLSS azithuthukisi nje kuphela amanani ozimele kodwa futhi nokulungiswa kwesithombe ngaphandle kokuphazamisa ukusebenza. Lezi zici ezithuthukisiwe, ezake zaba ngamamodeli abiza kakhulu, manje sezifinyeleleka kalula futhi zimisa izindinganiso ezintsha zalokho abasebenzisi abakulindele ku-hardware yabo, ngokusho kwe-Digital Trends. Intuthuko enjalo ibalulekile kubasebenzisi abadinga amasistimu abo ukuthi baphathe isofthiwe yakamuva nemidlalo, elokhu ikhula ngokuba yinkimbinkimbi.
Ihlola imininingwane ngenani
Ukuhlola ikhadi lemifanekiso ngokusekelwe ekucacisweni kwalo kunentengo yalo kuqinisekisa ukuthi lihambisana nezidingo zesikhathi eside zomsebenzisi. Izinto ezibalulekile okufanele zicatshangelwe zifaka phakathi inani lama-GPU cores, uhlobo nenani lenkumbulo (isb., GDDR6 vs. GDDR6X), kanye nokusekelwa kwezithuthukisi zakamuva zobuchwepheshe. Umhleli wevidiyo ochwepheshe, ngokwesibonelo, angase abeke phambili ikhadi lemifanekiso elinenani elikhulu le-VRAM nokusekelwa kwememori ye-ECC ukuze isingathe imisebenzi eyinkimbinkimbi yokucubungula ividiyo kahle. Le ndlela isiza abasebenzisi ukuthi bagweme ukukhokhela izici ezingadingeki kuyilapho beqinisekisa ukuthi i-GPU ingakwazi ukusingatha imisebenzi yabo ethile, edinga ukusebenza kanzima.
Ukuhlelela izidingo zesikhathi esizayo
Ukukhetha ikhadi elifanele lezithombe kuhlanganisa ukulinganisa phakathi kwezidingo zamanje zobuchwepheshe kanye nokulindela amathrendi azayo. Njengoba isimo sobuchwepheshe bezithombe siqhubeka sishintsha, ukutshala imali ekhadini lezithombe elihlanganisa ukuthuthukiswa kwakamuva kunganikeza inani elingcono lesikhathi eside ngokwelula impilo esebenzisekayo yehadiwe. Le ndlela yamasu ayigcini nje ngokukwanelisa izimfuneko zokusebenza ezisheshayo kodwa futhi ilungiselela isistimu yesofthiwe nemidlalo yesikhathi esizayo, okungenzeka ukuthi inezidingo eziqinile zehadiwe. Ngokuhlelela izidingo zesikhathi esizayo, abasebenzisi bangakwazi ukukhulisa ukutshalwa kwezimali kwabo ekhadini lemifanekiso elisha, baqinisekise ukuthi lihlala linamandla futhi lihambisana nobuchwepheshe obuthuthukayo ngokushesha.
Isiphetho
Imakethe yamakhadi ezithombe iphrezenta izinhlobonhlobo zemikhiqizo eklanyelwe ukuhlangabezana nezidingo ezithile zezentengiso, kusukela kuzinketho ezisebenza kahle kakhulu ezifanele amageyimu nokudalwa kwemidiya ukuya kumamodeli awonga amandla ekhompuyutha yebhizinisi evamile. Izici ezihlukile ezifana nama-GPU cores athuthukile, izinhlobo zenkumbulo ezisezingeni eliphezulu, nezixazululo zokupholisa eziqinile zidizayinelwe ngobuchule ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukusebenza kwekhadi ngalinye ezindaweni eziqondisiwe zochwepheshe. Ngentuthuko yezobuchwepheshe efana nokulandela umsebe okuthuthukisiwe kanye nezici eziqhutshwa yi-AI ezakha isimo sezwe, lawa makhadi ezithombe asethelwe ukuthi athuthukise kakhulu amandla okukhiqiza nokusebenza kuzo zonke izimboni ezihlukahlukene. Kumabhizinisi afuna ukutshala ku-hardware entsha, ukukhetha ikhadi lemifanekiso elihambisana nezidingo zamanje nezilindelwe kubalulekile. Lokhu kuqinisekisa ukuthi ukutshalwa kwezimali akugcini nje ngokuhlangabezana nezidingo zokusebenza ezisheshayo kodwa futhi kubeka ibhizinisi ngokunenzuzo izinguquko zobuchwepheshe zesikhathi esizayo, kuthuthukise imbuyiselo yesikhathi eside nokugcina umkhawulo wokuncintisana.
