I-PA6 vs. PA66: Ukuqonda Umehluko kanye Nezinhlelo zokusebenza

Okuqukethwe:
Uyawazi umehluko phakathi kwe-PA6 ne-PA66?
Ukugcwalisa nokuhlanganisa, kungakanani okwaziyo mayelana nezindlela zokuguqula ze-PA6 ne-PA66?

Uyawazi umehluko phakathi kwe-PA6 ne-PA66?

I-Polyamide resin, eyaziwa nangokuthi inayiloni (Inayiloni), igama elivamile lama-polymers aqukethe amaqembu e-amide. Ingenye yamapulasitiki amakhulu amahlanu wobunjiniyela anomthamo omkhulu wokukhiqiza, izinhlobonhlobo ezibanzi kakhulu, kanye nohlu olubanzi kakhulu lokusetshenziswa, futhi isetshenziswa kabanzi esikhundleni sezinto zendabuko ezifana nensimbi nokhuni.

Izinhlobo ezimbili eziyinhloko zenayiloni inayiloni 6 (PA6) kanye nenayiloni 66 (PA66), ethatha isikhundla esiphezulu embonini yenayiloni. Ngakho-ke yimuphi umehluko obalulekile phakathi kwe-PA6 ne-PA66?

Okokuqala, kunomehluko oyisisekelo ezicini zomzimba. Inayiloni 6 i-polycaprolactam, kuyilapho inayiloni 66 iyi-polyadipic acid adipic acid, ngakho-ke i-PA66 iqinile ngo-12% kune-PA6. Nakuba i-PA6 inezinto ezifanayo zamakhemikhali-ngokomzimba ne-PA66, inephuzu elincibilikayo eliphansi kanye nezinhlobonhlobo zamazinga okushisa enqubo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-PA6 inokumelana nomthelela ongcono kanye nokumelana nokuncibilika kune-PA66, kodwa futhi i-hygroscopic.

I-PA66 iyi-semi-crystalline material enephuzu lokuncibilika eliphakeme, eligcina amandla nokuqina kwayo emazingeni okushisa aphezulu.

Umehluko wesibili usekusebenzeni komkhiqizo. I-PA6 inokuqina okuhle kakhulu kokushisa nokumelana nokushisa, ukuzinza okuhle kohlangothi, ikhwalithi ephezulu yendawo, kanye nezakhiwo ezinhle zokulwa nokungqubuzana. I-PA66 inokumelana okuhle nokuhuzuka kanye nokumelana nomthelela ophezulu, futhi ukuzinza kwayo kobukhulu nakho kuhle kakhulu.

Umehluko wokugcina usekusetshenzisweni kwazo. I-PA6 ivame ukusetshenziswa ezingxenyeni zezimoto, izingxenye zemishini, imikhiqizo kagesi kanye nekagesi, kanye nezinsiza zobunjiniyela. I-PA66 isetshenziswa kabanzi embonini yezimoto, amagobolondo wezinsimbi, kanye nemikhiqizo enomthelela omkhulu kanye nezidingo zamandla aphezulu, njengophephela basolwandle, amagiya, ama-roller, ama-pulley, amaphampu ama-pulley, ama-fan blades, izindawo zokuvala ezinomfutho ophezulu, izihlalo zamavalvu, ama-gaskets, ama-bushings, izinhlobonhlobo zezibambo, amafreyimu asekelayo, izingqimba zocingo.

Ukugcwalisa nokuhlanganisa, kungakanani okwaziyo mayelana nezindlela zokuguqula ze-PA6 ne-PA66?

I-PA6 ne-PA66 yizinto ezijwayelekile ze-polyamide, ezaziwa nangokuthi inayiloni. Anamandla okubumba ibhondi ye-hydrogen futhi angasabela ngaphansi kwezimo ezithile. Lezi zinto zinezici ezinhle kakhulu zemishini, ukumelana ne-abrasion, ukumelana nowoyela, ukumelana nokugcotshwa kwe-self-lubrication, kanye nokukhunta okuhle nokumelana nokugqwala. Kodwa-ke, ngenxa ye-polarity eqinile ye-PA, inokumuncwa okuphezulu kwamanzi, okuthinta izakhiwo zikagesi nokuzinza kwe-dimensional, futhi kunesidingo sokuthuthukisa ukumelana nokushisa kanye namandla omthelela ophansi.

Izinto ze-PA zishintshwa kalula futhi zingalungiselelwa zibe yizinhlanganisela noma ama-alloys ngokuqiniswa kwe-fiber, ukugcwaliswa kwe-inorganic, nokuxutshwa namanye ama-polyamides.

Ukuguqulwa kokugcwalisa, izindlela ezintathu zingasetshenziswa: ukuqinisa i-fiber, ukuqinisa amaminerali emvelo, nokugcwaliswa kokwenziwa kokugcwalisa. I-fiber reinforcement ingasebenzisa imicu yengilazi, imicu ye-carbon, nemicu ye-asbestos. Ukuqinisa amaminerali emvelo kungasebenzisa i-calcium sulfate, i-calcium carbonate, i-kaolin, i-talc, ne-zeolite. Izihlungi zokwenziwa ezifana ne-molybdenum disulfide, igraphite, i-silicone powder, ne-polytetrafluoroethylene nazo zingasetshenziswa. Ukusetshenziswa kanyekanye kwefayibha kanye namanayiloni aqinisiwe okugcwalisa ngokuvamile kubangela umkhiqizo olinganiselayo onenhlanganisela ephakeme yezakhiwo.

Imvelo ye-filler ithinta izakhiwo ze-resin. Umumo, usayizi wezinhlayiya, kanye nendawo engaphezulu yesigcwalisi konke kunomthelela ekucubunguleni izakhiwo, izakhiwo zemishini, ukuzinza kwe-dimensional, kanye nekhwalithi yokubukeka.

Ukuguqulwa kokugcwalisa nokusebenzisa i-PA66

Okwempahla ye-PA66, iyimpahla esetshenziswa kakhulu ye-polyamide, eyaziwa nangokuthi inayiloni 6-6. Ngokufana ne-PA6, womabili angama-polymer aqukethe amaqembu e-amide. I-PA66 inomthamo omkhulu wokukhiqiza, izinhlobonhlobo ezibanzi kakhulu, kanye nohlu olubanzi kakhulu lwezinhlelo zokusebenza phakathi kwamapulasitiki obunjiniyela. Inekhono elihle kakhulu lokufaka imibala kanye nokulawula ukushwabana. Ngaphezu kwalokho, imelana nezinyibilikisi eziningi, kodwa imelana kancane nama-acids namanye ama-agent ane-chlorinated. I-PA66 iphinde ibe nezindawo ezinhle kakhulu zokuvimbezela amalangabi, futhi amazinga ahlukene okuncipha komlilo angafinyelelwa ngokungeza izinto ezivimbela amalangabi ahlukene.

I-PA66 eguquliwe isetshenziswa kakhulu emishinini, ezintweni ezisetshenziswayo, ezingxenyeni zezimoto, ezintweni zikagesi neze-elekthronikhi, embonini kaloliwe, izinto zikagesi zasendlini, ezokuxhumana, emishinini yendwangu, ezemidlalo nezimpahla zokungcebeleka, amapayipi kaphethiloli, amathangi kaphethiloli, kanye nemikhiqizo yobunjiniyela enembayo. Ngokukhethekile, emkhakheni wezimoto, i-PA66 isetshenziselwa ikakhulukazi abalandeli bokupholisa, izibambo zeminyango, izembozo zethangi likaphethiloli, ama-grille okungenisa umoya, amakhava ethangi lamanzi, izisekelo zamalambu, nezinye izingxenye. Emkhakheni wezinto zikagesi nezikagesi, i-PA66 ivame ukusetshenziswa kuzixhumi, ama-spools, izibali sikhathi, amakhava ama-circuit breaker, switch housings, nezinye izinto zokusebenza. Ezindaweni zabathengi nezimboni, i-PA66 ivamise ukusetshenziswa ekwenzeni amafreyimu amabhayisikili, izisekelo zeskate, izithuthuthu zendwangu, ama-pedals, ama-pulleys, ama-bearings, ama-fan blades, neminye imikhiqizo.

Ukuguqulwa kokugcwalisa nokusebenzisa i-PA6

I-PA6 iyimpahla ye-polyamide, eyaziwa nangokuthi inayiloni 6. I-polymer ecwebezelayo eshintshashintshayo noma e-opaque enobuningi obusuka ku-1.12 ukuya ku-1.14 kg/m3. I-PA6 inezici ze-thermoplasticity eqinile, isisindo esilula, ukuqina okuhle, ukumelana namakhemikhali, nokuqina. Iphinde ibe nezici ezilandelayo:

Okokuqala, i-PA6 inamandla okusebenza aphezulu kanye nokuqina okuhle, okuyivumela ukuthi imelane nokushuba okuphezulu kanye namandla acindezelayo. Okwesibili, inokumelana nokukhathala okuhle kakhulu, igcina amandla ayo okuqala emishini ngisho nangemva kokugoba okuphindaphindiwe. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-PA6 inokumelana nokugqwala okuhle, okuyenza imelane nezixazululo ze-alkaline, izixazululo eziningi zikasawoti, ama-asidi abuthakathaka, uwoyela, uphethiloli, ama-hydrocarbon anephunga elimnandi, nezinyibilikisi ezijwayelekile.

I-PA6 inobuso obushelelezi, i-coefficient ephansi yokungqubuzana, futhi imelana nokugqokwa. Iyazithambisa futhi ikhiqiza umsindo ophansi ezingxenyeni zemishini ezihambayo. Kuzinhlelo zokusebenza ezinokungqubuzana okumaphakathi, okokugcoba kungase kungadingeki. Ukwengeza, i-PA6 iyazicisha ngokwayo, ayinabuthi, ayinaphunga, imelana nesimo sezulu, ayingeni ekugugulekeni kwezinto eziphilayo, futhi inezindawo ezinhle zokulwa namagciwane kanye nesikhunta.

I-PA6 futhi ikhombisa izakhiwo zikagesi ezinhle kakhulu, kufaka phakathi ukufakwa kahle kukagesi kanye nokumelana nevolumu ephezulu. Ingasetshenziswa njengendawo yokuvikela imvamisa yezimboni ezindaweni ezomile futhi isagcina izakhiwo ezinhle zokuvikela ugesi ngisho nasezindaweni ezinomswakama ophezulu.

I-PA6 eguquliwe isetshenziswe kabanzi ezingxenyeni zezimoto, izingxenye zemishini, imikhiqizo kagesi nekagesi, izingxenye zobunjiniyela, neminye imikhakha. Emkhakheni wezimoto, i-PA6 ivamise ukusetshenziswa kumabhokisi erediyetha, ama-radiator, amakhava ethangi lamanzi, izibambo zeminyango, ama-grille okungenisa umoya, nezinye izingxenye. Emkhakheni wezinto zikagesi nezikagesi, i-PA6 ivamise ukusetshenziswa kumafreyimu amakhoyili, izixhumi zikagesi, izingxenye zikagesi, amagobolondo kagesi ane-voltage ephansi, amatheminali, nezinye izingxenye. Embonini yemishini, i-PA6 ivamise ukusetshenziswa kuma-bearings, amagiya ayindilinga, ama-roller ahlukahlukene, ama-gaskets amelana nowoyela wokuvala uwoyela, iziqukathi ezimelana nowoyela, amakheji athwalayo, nezinye izingxenye.

Ukuguqulwa kokuhlanganiswa kubhekisela ekushintsheni izakhiwo ze-polymer eseyakhiwe kakade ngokungeza amanye ama-polymer kuyo. Ekuguquleni ingxube, kuyadingeka ukwakha uhlelo lwe-multiphase olungaphelele futhi kuzuzwe ngisho nokuhlakazeka phakathi kwama-polymers amabili ukuze kuzuzwe umphumela wokuguqula ofisa.

Ukuhlanganisa i-PA ne-PE ye-plastic yenjongo evamile kungathuthukisa izakhiwo zokuvimbela i-PE kumoya-mpilo, ama-hydrocarbon, nezinye izincibilikisi. Nokho, ngenxa yezinhlaka ezihlukene zamangqamuzana, ukuhambisana phakathi kwe-PA ne-PE kubi. Ukuthuthukisa ukusebenzisana kobuso phakathi kwe-HDPE ne-PA, uXu Xi et al. isebenzise imisebe ye-UV ukwethula amaqembu asezindaweni ezishisayo ochungechungeni lwamangqamuzana e-PE, eyivumela ukuthi isabele ngokwekhemikhali namaqembu e-amide noma ama-amine abulalayo kuketango lamangqamuzana e-PA.

Ukuhlanganisa i-PA ne-PP kungathuthukisa umbala nokuqina komoya. Lapho uhlanganisa ama-polymer ahlukene, kufanele kuqashelwe ukuhambisana kwawo. Uma ama-polymer amabili enokuhambisana okungalungile, ingxenye yesithathu ehambisana kahle ivame ukungezwa njenge-ejenti yobuningi.

Inayiloni-6 ne-polypropylene azihambelani kahle kangangokuthi azikwazi ukuhlanganiswa ngokulinganayo kusetshenziswa amandla emishini kuphela. Kodwa-ke, uma inani elincane le-polypropylene elixhunywe nge-anhydride ye-maleic lengezwa, ukuhambisana phakathi kwe-nylon-6 ne-polypropylene kungathuthukiswa kakhulu ngenxa yokusabela kwamakhemikhali phakathi kwe-anhydride ye-maleic kanye namaqembu e-amide enayiloni-6.

I-Polyphenylene ether (PPO) iyipulasitiki yobunjiniyela be-thermoplastic enhle kakhulu enezakhiwo ezinhle ze-thermomechanical kanye ne-physico-mechanical. Kodwa-ke, inezihibe ezifana ne-viscosity ephezulu yokuncibilika, ukungahambi kahle kwamanzi, ukucubungula okunzima nokubunjwa, kanye nokusetshenziswa kwamandla okuphezulu, okunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwayo. Ukuguqulwa kokuhlanganisa njengamanje kuyindlela ebaluleke kakhulu yokuthuthukisa ukusebenza kwe-PPO nokwandisa izindawo zayo zokusebenza.

Nakuba ama-alloys e-PPO/PS kanye ne-PPO/HIPS anezakhiwo ezinhle kakhulu zemishini, izinga lokushisa lawo lokuhlanekezela ukushisa liphansi, futhi anowoyela ongemuhle nokumelana ne-solvent. Ngakho-ke, ukuthuthukiswa kwezinhlelo ezingahambelani ezifana ne-PPO/PA kanye ne-PPO/PBT kuyadingeka, okubalulekile kuwukuthuthukisa ukuhambisana phakathi kwama-polymers.

Inayiloni 6 kanye ne-chitosan-silver/titanium dioxide composite ejenti ye-antimicrobial yayixutshwe ngokulinganayo, yancibilika futhi yahlanganiswa, yapholiswa, yafakwa i-pelletized, futhi yomiswa kusetshenziswa i-conical twin-screw extruder ukuze kutholwe amapellets e-PA6 enziwe ngamagciwane. Lawa ma-pellets aguquliwe anosayizi ofanayo kanye nokuhlakazeka okuhle ngaphandle kwe-agglomeration esobala, ukufeza umphumela olindelekile we-antimicrobial. Ngenxa yomphumela we-doping we-ejenti ye-antimicrobial ehlanganisiwe, ukwakheka kwamapellets aguquliwe kuba kuzinzile, izinga lokushisa lokuqala lokubola liyakhuphuka, futhi ukuzinza kokushisa kuyathuthuka.

Imicu ye-nayiloni elwa namagciwane ekhiqizwa kusetshenziswa indlela ye-masterbatch ehlanganisiwe futhi indlela ye-viscose ine-spectra ebanzi ye-antimicrobial, imiphumela enamandla futhi ehlala isikhathi eside ye-antimicrobial. Inqubo yokukhiqiza ilula, futhi ingakhiqizwa kusetshenziswa imishini evamile yokuphotha. Izakhiwo ezingokomzimba zale micu ihlangabezana nezidingo zemicu evamile, ezenza zifanelekele ukusetshenziswa okubanzi.

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