Ungawukhetha Kanjani Umshini Wokwenza Umkhiqizo Wephepha Osezingeni Eliphezulu?

Ohulumeni abaningana bavala imikhiqizo yepulasitiki, ngaleyo ndlela baqhubekisela phambili isidingo semikhiqizo yephepha elilahlwa njengezinkomishi, amapuleti, utshani nezinye izitsha. Le mikhiqizo yephepha ikhiqizwa ngamanani amakhulu kusetshenziswa imishini yokwenza umkhiqizo wephepha. 

Imishini inezinhlaka ezihlukene, okuhlanganisa ingxenye yabezindaba, indawo yokubumba, indawo yokufa, kanye nengxenye yeshejuli. Ukushintshela emikhiqizweni yephepha kunomthelela ekwehliseni ukungcola kanye nezimo zenhlanzeko ezithuthukisiwe. Njengoba imikhiqizo yephepha ithola ukuthandwa emhlabeni wonke, isidingo sayo sithuthukisa isidingo semishini yomkhiqizo wephepha.

Okuqukethwe
Isibikezelo semakethe semishini yokwenza umkhiqizo wephepha
Izinto okufanele zicatshangelwe lapho ukhetha imishini yephepha
Izinhlobo zemishini yomkhiqizo wephepha
Abadlali bemakethe ababalulekile

Isibikezelo semakethe semishini yokwenza umkhiqizo wephepha

Imakethe yomhlaba wonke yezinhlelo zemishini yamaphepha kulindeleke ukuthi ikhule ngo- I-CAGR ye-5.5% phakathi kuka-2021 kuya ku-2026, ifinyelela ku-$2.6 billion ngo-2026. Ukwanda kwesidingo somhlaba wonke samabhodi wamaphepha kanye amaphepha okupakisha kulindeleke ukuthi iqhubekisele phambili imakethe yemishini yokwenza umkhiqizo wephepha. 

Izinzuzo zemvelo nezomnotho zezinhlelo zemishini yephepha nazo kulindeleke ukuthi zikhuthaze ukukhula kwazo emhlabeni jikelele. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuguquguquka kwemishini nekhono lokukhiqiza imikhiqizo eminingi efunwa kakhulu njengezicubu, amaphepha, izinhlanga namanabukeni, kuyenza ibe omunye wemishini efunwa kakhulu. I-Industry Arc iphakamisa ukuthi isidingo semishini yenqubo ye-kraft nokusebenza kwayo kahle kwezindleko, isabelomali esiphansi, ukukhiqiza okuphezulu, kanye nekhwalithi yomkhiqizo nakho kuqhuba imakethe yemishini yomkhiqizo wephepha. 

Izinto okufanele zicatshangelwe lapho ukhetha imishini yokwenza umkhiqizo wephepha

Ukuthenga umshini wokwenza umkhiqizo wephepha kungaba utshalomali olunenzuzo enkampanini. I-investimenti ingafinyelela imigomo yayo efiselekayo uma inkampani yenze ucwaningo olwanele. Ngenhlanhla, lo mhlahlandlela wokuthenga uhlinzeka ngezinto ezimbalwa inkampani engazicabangela lapho ithenga umshini wokwenza umkhiqizo wephepha. 

Ikhwalithi yomshini

Ibhizinisi lingakhula liye ezingeni elilandelayo uma abanikazi betshala imali emshinini wokwenza umkhiqizo wephepha njengoba wehlisa izindleko futhi uthuthukisa ukukhiqiza. Inkampani efuna ukutshala imali emishinini yomkhiqizo wephepha kufanele iqinisekise ukuthi ithenga umshini osezingeni. Cabangela amaphuzu athile okufanele uwakhumbule:

• Qinisekisa ukuthi umshini wakhiwe ngekhwalithi ephezulu impahla eluhlaza ukuvimbela ukulahlekelwa okungadingekile. 
• Qinisekisa ukuthi umshini uyasebenza ukuze ubone ukuthi uyathuthukisa yini ukusebenza kwebhizinisi. 
• Inkampani kufanele futhi iqinisekise ukuthi umkhiqizo unophawu lwezinga noma ikhwalithi evela ku-bureau enomthwalo wemfanelo. 

Isevisi yokudayiswa

Ukusebenzisa umshini kuza nezinselelo zakho, futhi umnikazi webhizinisi omusha angase angabi nawo wonke amakhono obuchwepheshe adingekayo ukuze awuqhube kahle. Inkampani ethengayo kufanele ibuze ukuthi ingabe umenzi unikeza ukwesekwa kobuchwepheshe noma ukufaka. Kuyoba ubuwula ukuthenga umshini oyinkimbinkimbi ongenawo umsebenzi wangemva kokuthengisa ukuze ukhanyisele abasebenzisi ngokufaka, ukusebenza, nokugcinwa. 

Inani

Yize intengo inqunywa amandla okukhiqiza nezici, ukuhlolwa kwesabelomali kuyingxenye yokuthatha izinqumo kosomabhizinisi. Ibhizinisi lizokwenza ukuhlaziya kwezindleko zenzuzo ukuze lihlole ukuthi iyiphi imishini yokwenza umkhiqizo wephepha elizotshala kuyo. Izinga lokusebenza libuye linqume uhlobo lomshini nezindleko. Ibhizinisi elifuna ukukhiqiza imikhiqizo eminingi yephepha lizohlomula ngokutshala imali emshinini omkhulu, ongabiza ngaphezulu. 

Ukufa okukodwa vs. Ukufa okukabili vs. Ukufa okuningi

Ibhizinisi lingakhetha umshini owodwa, ophindwe kabili, noma omningi wokwenza umkhiqizo wephepha. Lokhu kukhetha kuncike enanini lomkhiqizo kanye nesivinini ibhizinisi elifuna ukukhiqiza ngalo imikhiqizo yalo yephepha. Imishini yomkhiqizo wephepha eliphindwe kabili neningi ivamise ukusetshenziswa ekukhiqizeni okukhulu ngenani elincishisiwe lokukhiqiza, kanti ukufa okukodwa kulungele ukusebenza okuncane. 

Production umthamo

Umthamo wokukhiqiza inani lamapuleti akhiqizwa umshini ngehora. Iyahlukahluka kuye ngenombolo yomshini wokufa, usayizi wepuleti, namandla emoto. Ibhizinisi elihlose ukukhiqiza imikhiqizo yephepha enkulu lizothenga imishini enosayizi bamapuleti amakhulu, ama-multiple dies, namandla aphezulu emoto.  

Ihlala Isikhathi Esingakanani I

Imishini yomkhiqizo wamaphepha iyi-investimenti enkulu, futhi osomabhizinisi bafuna ukubona i-ROI ephezulu. Ukubuyisela ekutshalweni kwezimali kuncike kwikhwalithi nempilo yemishini yomkhiqizo wephepha. Uma ihlala isikhathi eside isebenza ngaphandle kwamaphutha ezobuchwepheshe noma ukuwa, iba nenzuzo eyengeziwe. Inkampani ethengayo ingabheka imishini enamawaranti amade. 

Ukucaciswa kwephepha 

Imikhiqizo yamaphepha iza ngosayizi nobukhulu obuhlukene, okusho ukuthi inkampani kufanele ithenge imishini efanelekile yokwenza umkhiqizo wephepha ekwazi ukuthwala imininingwane ehlukahlukene yephepha. Umshini ozenzakalelayo uyisibonelo semishini engakhiqiza amapuleti ephepha anobukhulu obuhlukahlukene nobukhulu ngaphandle kwezilawuli nezinkinobho. Imvelo ezenzakalelayo yemishini inciphisa izindleko zabasebenzi njengoba kudingeka ukuthintana komuntu okuncane ekuyisebenziseni nasekuyinakekeleni. Imishini yesimanje yokwenza umkhiqizo wephepha ingenziwa ngendlela oyifisayo ukuze ithwale osayizi bephepha abahlukene njenge-A4, A3, A2, kanye ne-A5 enobukhulu nezisindo ezihlukene. 

Izinhlobo zemishini yomkhiqizo wephepha

Imishini yomkhiqizo wephepha ingahlukaniswa ngokuya ngomkhiqizo wokugcina ewukhiqizayo. Lesi sigaba sizogxila emishinini eyahlukene, okuhlanganisa izinkomishi zephepha, utshani, izicubu, nemishini yokwenza izikhwama zephepha.  

Umshini wokwenza inkomishi yephepha

Imishini yokwenza inkomishi yephepha ukusiza ukukhiqiza izinkomishi zephepha ezihlanganiswe ohlangothini olulodwa noma oluphindwe kabili ukunikeza iziphuzo ezibandayo nezishisayo kanye nezinto zokudla. Izindlela zokusebenza zomshini zingashintshwa ukuze zikwazi ukukhiqiza izitsha zephepha eziningana. 

Njengoba umshini wokwenza inkomishi yephepha uzenzakalela futhi usebenza ngesivinini esikhulu, wenza kube lula ukukhiqiza ngobuningi futhi wonga izindleko zabasebenzi. Lo mshini futhi ukhiqiza izinkomishi ezingasindi, ezilungele, nezihlanzekile zezindawo zokudlela nezindawo zomphakathi. Njengoba umhlaba uqhubeka uluhlaza futhi imikhiqizo yepulasitiki idangele, imishini yokwenza izinkomishi zephepha ingaba utshalomali olufanele. 

Ibanga lentengo yezinkomishi zephepha nemishini yokwenza amapuleti lilungile futhi liyahlukahluka enkampanini eyodwa kuya kwenye. Abakhiqizi abaningi bahlukanisa amanani abo kusuka ku-$5400 kuya ku-$5,800 ucezu ngalunye.

Umshini wokwenza utshani

The umshini wokwenza utshani wephepha alahlwayo ilungele ukukhiqiza osayizi abahlukene botshani, okuhlanganisa u-5, 6, 8, 10, no-12 mm. Njengoba i-othomathikhi, ayidingi opharetha, ngaleyo ndlela ilondoloze izindleko zokusebenza zebhizinisi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, umklamo othuthukisiwe uza nedivaysi yokusika kanye nesivinini sokukhiqiza esikhulayo. 

Ukusungulwa kwale mishini cishe kuzonciphisa isibalo samapulasitiki alahlwa emanzini, okuwenza abe imishini evikela imvelo. Umshini uneyunithi eyodwa noma eboshwe kabili kanye nesistimu yemimese eminingi elawulwayo ukuze usike ama-straws ngokunembile. 

Ezinye izici eziyingqayizivele zalo mshini zihlanganisa isivinini esikhulu nokuzinza. Ibuye yenziwe ngezinto ezisezingeni eliphezulu, ngaleyo ndlela ikhulise ukuphila kwayo isikhathi eside nokuqina. Izintengo zemishini eminingi yokwenza utshani zisukela ku-$10,000 kuya ku-$20,000, lapho amabhizinisi angakhetha khona kuye ngesabelomali sawo. 

Umshini wokwenza izicubu

Imishini yokwenza izicubu sebenzisa imiqulu ukwenza amasayizi ahlukahlukene wephepha le-napkin. Umshini uqala ngokuphakelwa izinto ezingavuthiwe, ezibe seziqoshwa, zigoqwe, zisikwe bese zipakishwa. Imishini eyahlukene yokwenza izicubu ikhiqiza iphepha le-napkin elinosayizi ohlukile, kuye ngezidingo zebhizinisi. 

Ngaphambi kokuthenga umshini wokwenza izicubu, inkampani kufanele icabangele izici ezimbalwa. Bazofuna ukwazi ukuthi isisetshenziswa esisha, sivuselelwe, noma senziwe kabusha. Kubalulekile futhi ukuhlola amandla emishini okunweba ngokwezobuchwepheshe noma ngokomzimba ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nezidingo zesikhathi esizayo.

Ibanga lentengo lemishini yokwenza iphepha lethishu lisuka ku-$460,000 liye ku-$550,000 ucezu ngalunye kuye ngokusebenza kahle komshini kanye nomkhiqizo.

Umshini wokwenza isikhwama sephepha

Imishini yokwenza izikhwama zephepha ihlukaniswe yaba yi-manual, i-semi-automatic, ne-automatic. Imishini yokwenza izikhwama zephepha ngesandla zishibhile futhi zingalingana nabaqalayo abangafuni ukuchitha imali eningi ocezwini lomshini. Kodwa-ke, izinkampani ezisunguliwe ezifuna ukukhulisa umkhiqizo zizohlomula ngesivinini esikhulu imishini yokwenza izikhwama zephepha ezizenzakalelayo.

Imishini ezenzakalelayo isebenzisa iphepha eligoqayo eliphrintiwe noma iphepha eligoqayo elinombala oyisisekelo njengephepha elinemigqa ensundu, i-kraft paper, iphepha le-medico, noma iphepha elimbozwe ukudla ukwenza imikhiqizo oyifunayo. Inqubo yokwenza izikhwama zephepha ihilela ukubhoboza, ukunamathisela ohlangothini, ukunamathisela phansi, ukugoqa, kanye nokwakhiwa kwezikhwama. 

Ngenhlanhla, le mishini kulula ukuyisebenzisa, iyasebenza, futhi ayinyakazi ekwenzeni izikhwama zamaphepha ezihlukene. Isakhiwo sokuphakamisa esishintshashintshayo somshini we-hydraulic kanye nokushuba okungaguquki okuzenzakalelayo kwenza ukulayisha nokuthulula impahla eluhlaza Kalula nakakhulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuzenzekelayo kwenqubo yokwenza izikhwama zephepha konga isikhathi, kunciphisa izindleko zokukhiqiza, kuthuthukisa ikhwalithi yomkhiqizo, konga abasebenzi, futhi kuqondise ukukhiqizwa. Ukutshala imali emshinini wokwenza izikhwama zephepha osezingeni eliphezulu kungaba yilokho okudingwa yibhizinisi ukuze libambe imakethe futhi lihlinzeke ngemikhiqizo enenzuzo.  

Amanani ayahlukahluka ngokuya ngomthamo wemishini kanye nemikhiqizo futhi asukela ku-$5,000 kuya ku-10,000. 

Abadlali bemakethe ababalulekile

• Alpha Napkin Machines 
• I-Beston Machinery Paper Machine
• Aman Impex
• Amabhizinisi aseGreenland 
• Inkampani ye-NSK Ltd.
• Imboni yomshini we-HOBEMA 
• I-Popp Maschinenbau GmbH
• Parason
• I-Rajshree Enterprise

Isiphetho

Ngenxa yokukhathazeka kwemvelo, ukuvinjelwa kwemikhiqizo yepulasitiki kwabangela imboni yemikhiqizo yephepha ephumelelayo. Le mboni inomthelela ekufuneni okuphezulu kwemishini yomkhiqizo wephepha ngabakhiqizi bemikhiqizo yephepha. Ngenxa yalokho, ukutshala imali emikhiqizweni yephepha kungase kube umzamo onenzuzo. Amabhizinisi angakhiqiza okuningi ngezindleko zokukhiqiza eziphansi, ngaleyo ndlela enze ngcono umnyombo. Njengoba umhlaba wamukela ubuchwepheshe obuluhlaza ukuxazulula ukuguquguquka kwesimo sezulu, amabhizinisi angakwazi ukwenza amasu enzuzo yawo yesikhathi esizayo ngokutshala imali emikhiqizweni eqhubekayo njengemishini yomkhiqizo wephepha.