Amandla Avuselelekayo Nemithombo Yawo

Amandla avuselelekayo noma aqhubekayo angumkhiqizo wezinqubo zemvelo futhi ahlala egcwalisa. Imithombo yala mandla ayipheli, njengelanga. Kodwa kunomkhawulo wokuvuselela amandla otholakala ngeyunithi ngayinye yesikhathi. Ngenxa yokunikezwa kwawo amandla ngendlela efanele kanye nokukhiqiza okuqhubekayo, amandla avuselelekayo ayindlela ehlukile emithonjeni eminingi evamile engasimeme, njengamalahle.

Ukuqwashisa umhlaba wonke mayelana namandla avuselelekayo kukhula ngokushesha. I-International Energy Agency ilindele amandla avuselelekayo ukuthi akhuphuke ngaphezu kwama-8% ngo-2022 uma kuqhathaniswa nonyaka odlule. Izodlulela kumaki angama-300 GW okokuqala ngqa.

Ukukhathazeka ngemvelo kuyisizathu esiyinhloko sokukhula okukhulu kwamandla avuselelekayo. Imithombo yala mandla izoba yingqikithi yalesi sihloko.

Okuqukethwe
Ukukhula kokusetshenziswa nomthelela wamandla avuselelekayo
Imithombo emine evamile yamandla avuselelekayo
Isiphetho

Ukukhula kokusetshenziswa nomthelela wamandla avuselelekayo

Ukuhlola ukukhula okunamandla kwamandla avuselelekayo kusinikeza isizathu esizwakalayo sokuba nethemba lokuthi kungashesha kangakanani ukuhlangabezana nezinjongo zesimo sezulu samanje. Kwe I-Outlook Yamandla Yaminyaka yonke 2022, I-EIA ibikezela ukuthi ukusetshenziswa kwamandla avuselelekayo e-US kuzoqhubeka nokukhuphuka ngo-2050.

Khonamanjalo, ukukhula kwamandla aluhlaza kwamanje kusho ukuthi umhlaba unama-GW angu-295 wamandla avuselelekayo, ngokusho kwe-EIA. Lokhu kuchazwe embikweni weWorld Economic Forum's Fostering Effective Energy Transition 2021 umbiko “njengokusheshisa okungakaze kubonwe ngaphambili” eminyakeni yamuva nje.

Lezi zibalo zikhomba ukukhula okungenzeka emkhakheni wamandla avuselelekayo.

Imithombo emine evamile yamandla avuselelekayo

Amandla avuselelekayo ayithikithi lethu lekusasa eliluhlaza. Ukushintshela kumandla avuselelekayo kuyisihluthulelo sokuxazulula inkinga yesimo sezulu kanye nokushoda kwamandla esifunda. Amandla e-solar photovoltaic ingenye yezindlela ezidume kakhulu zamandla avuselelekayo. Ngaphezu kwalokhu, inqwaba yeminye imithombo yamandla nayo ifakazela amandla ayo.

Nansi imithombo embalwa evamile yamandla avuselelekayo okufanele wonke umuntu azi ngayo:

 Amandla elanga

Amandla elanga abe khona isikhathi eside kunalokho esingakucabanga. Ingqamuzana lelanga lokuqala lasungulwa eFrance ngo-1839!

Uma kubhekwa unyaka wokutholakala kwawo, kunengqondo ukuthi kungani amandla elanga engenye yezindlela ezihlanjululwe kakhulu zamandla avuselelekayo namuhla. Esinye isizathu sokusetshenziswa kwayo ngezinga elibanzi ukuchichima kwayo. Ngokusho kweZizwe Ezihlangene, izinga lapho uMhlaba unqamula khona amandla elanga 10000 izikhathi ezinkulu kunezinga isintu esidla ngalo amandla.

UProfesa we-MIT, uWashington Taylor, esanda kukhuluma mayelana namandla amakhulu amandla elanga. Cabanga ngalokhu: amasistimu okushisa elanga ahlanganisa u-10% wezingwadule zomhlaba angakhiqiza ama-terawatt angu-15 wamandla. Lokhu kulingana nokukhula okubikezelwe kwesidingo samandla emhlabeni wonke engxenyeni yekhulu leminyaka ezayo.

Izinzuzo zokusebenzisa amandla elanga

Inani elikhulu amandla elanga ihlale ikhazimula eMhlabeni. Nokho, kuyinselele ukuyiguqula ibe yinsiza esebenzisekayo ngenani elingokongayo. Uma isetshenziswa ngokuhlakanipha, amandla elanga angaletha izinzuzo ezilandelayo:

• Ayikhiphi ikhabhoni eningi njengamafutha ezinsalela ngesikhathi sokukhiqiza ugesi.
• Kuyinsiza engapheli.
• Amaphaneli elanga namaseli kulula ukuwanakekela.
• Amagridi elanga anobungozi obuncane bokucisha ugesi.
• Amaphaneli elanga avumela ukusetshenziswa kwamandla okuphezulu.

Ngokuzayo, lapho othile ebuza, “Ingabe amandla elanga avuselelekayo?,” batshele ukuthi ingenye yezinhlobo zamandla ezingenabungozi ezitholakala Emhlabeni.

Izindleko kanye nokwamukelwa kwamandla elanga

I-Levelized Cost of Energy Analysis yaminyaka yonke kaLazard yembula ukuthi ukufaka izizinda ezintsha zamandla elanga kungase kufike ku-$10 nge-MWh ngayinye eshibhile kwezinye izimo kunokuqhubeka nokusebenzisa izimboni ezikhona ezisebenza ngamalahle.

Amazwe afana ne-USA kanye ne-UK agxumele embonini yelanga kudala. Baqaphela amandla amakhulu amandla elanga kanye nokukhanga kwawo kwezomnotho. UNdunankulu wase-UK u-Boris Johnson usanda kukhipha Isu Lezwe Lokuphepha Kwamandla. Kusho yena ukuthi ngo-2035, izwe lizokwengeza amandla alo elanga ngokuphindwe ka-5 ukusuka ku-14 GW njengoba linjalo manje.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, kunamandla amakhulu elanga lamandla elanga eYurophu naseMpumalanga Ephakathi. Amazwe asezifundeni zaseMpumalanga Ephakathi kanye naseNyakatho Afrika (MENA) abelokhu ethuthukisa amaphrojekthi amakhulu avuselelekayo ngosizo lwabatshalizimali nezinhlangano ze-EU.

Njengamanje kunamaphrojekthi wesikhungo samandla elanga angama-35 esifundeni se-MENA. Ngo-2050, lezi zitshalo zingagcwalisa kufika ku-15% wezidingo zikagesi zaseYurophu futhi zinikeze amandla angenayo i-carbon. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, iNingizimu Melika isibe yisifunda esihamba phambili sokukhiqiza amandla avuselelekayo (Mordor Intelligence). Umthamo wayo wamandla elanga kulindeleke ukuthi ukhule ube ngaphezu kuka-280 GW ngo-2050. Lokhu kungenxa yokukhanya kwelanga okuningi kanye nezinqubomgomo zikahulumeni ezisekelayo.

Lawa maqiniso akwenza kucace ukuthi amandla elanga yikusasa okufanele wonke umuntu acwaninge futhi alilungiselele.

Amandla omoya

Amandla ephiko ahlanganisa ukuthwebula amandla e-kinetic futhi awaguqule abe ugesi. Njengoba isuselwa enqubweni yemvelo, ihlukaniswa njengamandla avuselelekayo. Alikho ithuba lokuthi uMhlaba uphelelwe umoya.

Ngokusho the Imakethe Yomoya Entantayo Yomhlaba Wonke kanye Nombiko Wesibikezelo, ngaphezu kuka-26.2 GW womthamo womoya ontantayo ogwini lolwandle kuhlelelwe ukwakhiwa ngo-2035 emhlabeni wonke. Onjiniyela emazweni afana ne-Portugal ne-Japan benza amalungiselelo okuhlola ubuchwepheshe. Kule minyaka eyishumi edlule, amandla omoya ase-US akhule ngo-15% ngonyaka. Futhi manje, iwumthombo omkhulu wamandla avuselelekayo ezweni. Imvelo yayo engeyona enobuthi, yaphakade ikhulise ukutholwa kwayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, amandla omoya angamisa cishe i-12.3 GT yamagesi abamba ukushisa ngo-2050.

Ngalezi zizathu, amandla omoya angomunye wemithombo engcono kakhulu yamandla avuselelekayo ukuze ahlangabezane nesidingo samandla omhlaba.

Amandla wamandla

I-Geothermal energy iwuhlobo lwamandla avuselelekayo akhishwa enkabeni yoMhlaba. Itholakala ekushiseni okukhiqizwa ngesikhathi sokubunjwa kokuqala kweplanethi kanye nokubola kwemisebe yezinto zayo.

Ngokusho kwe-US Energy Information Administration (EIA), amandla akhiqizwa ezitshalweni ze-geothermal kulindeleke ukuthi akhuphuke asuka ku-17 billion kWh ngo-2020 aye ku-49.8 billion kWh ngo-2050. Ukusetshenziswa kwawo okuqondile kubandakanya ukushisisa kwesifunda nendawo, ukufuywa kwezilwane zasemanzini, izindawo zokugcina izithombo, kanye nezinqubo zokukhiqiza ezentengiselwano.

Umthelela omuhle wamandla e-geothermal Emhlabeni yisizathu esiyinhloko sokwamukelwa kwawo okubanzi. Umbiko we-US DOE Water Efficient Energy Production for Geothermal Resources Report wathola ukuthi unyaka nonyaka, amandla e-geothermal ase-US aqeda ukukhishwa kwamathani angu-80,000 e-nitrogen oxides kanye namathani ayizigidi ezingu-4.1 e-carbon dioxide.

Naphezu kwezinzuzo eziningi zamandla okushisa komhlaba, okwamanje athuthukiswa kakhulu amaphrojekthi ohulumeni asekelayo, nezinkampani zezinkampani mancane amathuba okuba zithuthukise futhi zikhuthaze izinhlelo zokusebenza ezinkulu ngokwazo.

IHydropower

I-Hydropower isebenzisa amandla okuhambisa amanzi ukusuka phezulu ukuya ezindaweni eziphansi. Ungomunye wemithombo yamandla avuselelekayo emidala kakhulu Emhlabeni, abalimi ekuqaleni ababewusebenzisela imisebenzi yemishini efana nokugaya. Bathole le ndlela yokuvuselela amandla futhi bayisebenzisela ukunika amandla imisebenzi yabo eyisisekelo.

Ngokushesha phambili kuze kube yilolu suku, futhi ugesi wamanzi usungomunye wemithombo yamandla avuselelekayo efunwa kakhulu emhlabeni. Ubuchwepheshe obuncane bokuphehlwa ngamanzi buyindlela ehlukile kunezindawo zamadamu amakhulu. Lokhu sekudale ukukhula kwe imakethe encane yamandla kagesi, okulindeleke ukuthi idlule ama-dollar ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezi-3 ngo-2024.

La mandla avuselelekayo aletha ezinye izinzuzo eziningi ngaphandle kokuphehla ugesi. Ilawula izikhukhula, isekela ukuchelela, futhi inikeza namanzi okuphuza ahlanzekile. Ukufakwa kwezitshalo zikagesi ngamanzi kuyathengeka futhi kunokuqina okuphezulu uma kuqhathaniswa neminye imithombo yamandla avuselelekayo.

Isiphetho

Umfutho ocacile womhlaba mayelana namandla avuselelekayo ukhuluma ngokusebenza kwawo. I-World Health Organization (WHO) ithole ukuthi u-99% wabantu emhlabeni uphefumula umoya oweqa imingcele yekhwalithi yomoya. Umthombo wamandla avuselelekayo osebenza kahle futhi onokwethenjelwa uyadingeka ukuhlukanisa inketho yokunikezwa kwamandla.

Lesi sihloko sihlanganisa imithombo yamandla avuselelekayo ebalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukuthi abantu banemininingwane eyengeziwe lapho bekhetha umthombo wabo wamandla. Bheka izici ezifana nezindleko nezinzuzo ukuze ukhethe okulungile. Futhi, hlola Chovm.com ukuze uthole izindaba zakamuva emkhakheni wamandla avuselelekayo.