Ungasusa Kanjani Ukugqwala Ezingxenyeni Zensimbi Namathuluzi Ngemizuzwana

Ngemva kokusetshenziswa isikhathi esithile, ezinye izingxenye zensimbi noma amathuluzi azoqala ukugqwala. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi umoya namanzi endaweni ezungezile kubangela i-oxidation nezinye izinkinga.

Ukugqwala kulezi zindawo zensimbi kuzonciphisa impilo yesevisi yamathuluzi ensimbi noma izingxenye futhi kwenze ukusebenzisa lezi zitsha zensimbi kube nzima. Ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuhlanzeka okuhle kanye nokuqina kwalezi zindawo zensimbi, ukwakheka kwazo kufanele kususwe ukugqwala.

Kunesisho embonini yokulwa nokugqwala esibonisa ukubaluleka kokususwa kokugqwala; ithi “kunamaphuzu ayisikhombisa okukhipha ukugqwala namaphuzu amathathu okudweba.” Kodwa umuntu angakususa kanjani ukugqwala endaweni eyinsimbi? Futhi zingaki izindlela ezilula zokukwenza?

Ungasebenzisa amathuluzi kagesi noma amakhemikhali ukuze uhlanze amathuluzi ensimbi agqwalile, noma ungasebenzisa isikhiphi sokugqwala esenziwe ekhaya ukuze uhlanze ukugqwala ezingxenyeni zensimbi. Izinketho ezibalwe ngezansi zenza isifinyezo sami sezindlela ezingcono kakhulu eziyi-18 zokususa ukugqwala ensimbi ngokushesha.

Okuqukethwe
Izihlanzi ze-laser zokukhipha ukugqwala
Amathuluzi wamandla okususa ukugqwala
Isikhiphi sokugqwala samakhemikhali
Rust isiguquli
Isikhiphi sokugqwala esenziwe ekhaya
Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa

Izihlanzi ze-laser zokukhipha ukugqwala

Ukususwa kwe-laser rust

Imishini yokukhipha ukugqwala kwe-laser iwuhlobo lwethuluzi lokuhlanza ukugqwala eliphathwayo elisebenzisa i-laser beam ukususa ukugqwala noma ukunamathela endaweni yensimbi. Le mishini ivamise ukusebenza ngesibhamu sokususa ukugqwala kwelaser esiphathwa ngesandla esinesivinini esikhulu.

buhle

Izisusa zokugqwala nge-laser zisebenza kahle kakhulu, ziyashesha, zibiza kancane, futhi azilimazi i-substrate. Awekho amanzi noma isincibilikisi esidingekayo futhi imfucuza kulula ukuyiqoqa futhi ayingcolisi imvelo. Futhi ziphephile futhi zithembekile, futhi azilimazi impilo yabaqhubi bazo.

Izisusa zokugqwala kwe-laser zinezinhlobonhlobo zezinhlelo zokusebenza zokususa ukugqwala, isikali, ukungcola, kanye nezingubo zokuqina nokuqanjwa okuhlukahlukene. Inqubo yokuhlanza kulula ukuzenzela ngenxa yokusebenza kwayo kokulawula kude. Ingasetshenziselwa kokubili umsebenzi wokususa ukugqwala kwe-laser ngezinga elincane noma elikhulu.

bawo

Ububi bokusebenzisa ukususwa kokugqwala kwe-laser ukuthi kudinga i-laser ngokwayo, kanye nezinto ezihambisanayo ezisekelayo. Zonke lezi zisetshenziswa ziyabiza, okwenza kube utshalomali olubalulekile lwesikhathi esisodwa. Kodwa-ke, uma lokhu sekukhokhelwe akukho zindleko zokuyilungisa.

Amathuluzi wamandla okususa ukugqwala

Ukususwa kokugqwala kwe-ultrasonic

Ngokususa ukugqwala kwe-ultrasonic, isignali yokudlidliza ephezulu kakhulu emenyezelwe ijeneretha ye-ultrasonic iguqulwa ibe ukudlidliza kwemishini okunemvamisa ephezulu yi-transducer bese isakazwa phakathi nendawo. Amabhamuza amancane omoya oketshezini aqala ukudlidliza ngaphansi komphumela wenkundla yomsindo. Khona-ke, lapho umfutho womsindo usufinyelele inani elithile, la mabhamuza omoya azokhula ngokushesha abese evala ngokuzumayo, abangele igagasi lokuthuka. Lokhu kulimaza ukungcola okungancibiliki, ukukukhulula futhi kuqhubekele kwisisombululo sokuhlanza. Phakathi nale nqubo, izinhlayiya eziqinile zihlukaniswa, ngaleyo ndlela zisusa ukugqwala ebusweni bezingxenye zensimbi.

Ukususwa kwe-sandblaster rust

Ukukhipha ukugqwala kwe-sandblaster kusebenzisa isibhamu se-sandblasting ukuqhuma izinhlayiya zesihlabathi ezincane ngomoya ocindezelwe endaweni egqwalile yengxenye yensimbi. Le ndlela ayigcini nje ngokufeza ukususwa kokugqwala okusheshayo kodwa futhi ilungiselela indawo yokudweba, ukufutha, i-electroplating, nezinye izinqubo.

Ukuqhunyiswa kwesihlabathi kwengxenye yensimbi ezophathwa kushintsha ukubukeka noma ukuma kwendawo yensimbi, kanye nokuthuthukisa izakhiwo zemishini kanye nokumelana nokukhathala kwengxenye yensimbi, kwandise ukunamathela kwayo kupende, nokwandisa ukuqina kwefilimu kapende. Kuyasiza futhi ekulinganiseni nasekuhlobiseni upende.

Isihlabathi se-quartz sivame ukusetshenziselwa le ndlela ye-sandblasting. Yenziwe nge-quartz sand ore yemvelo yekhwalithi ephezulu, ecwengisiswa ngokuchotshozwa ngomshini, ukuwasha, ukuhlunga, ukomiswa, ukuhlolwa kwesibili, nezinye izinqubo. Isihlabathi se-quartz sinamandla amakhulu emishini, akukho ukungcola, ukucindezelwa nokumelana nokugqokwa, ukuzinza okuhle kwamakhemikhali, izinhlayiya ezifanayo, ukusebenza kahle okuphezulu, kanye nokusetshenziswa kabusha.

Isibhamu samanzi esinomfutho ophezulu wokukhipha ukugqwala

Ngaphansi kwezimo ezijwayelekile, kungcono ukusebenzisa isibhamu samanzi sokucindezela okuphezulu ukuze ugeze futhi ususe ukugqwala ezindaweni zensimbi. Ngokuvamile, iphampu eqhutshwa ngamandla iqeda inqubo yokumunca nokukhipha amanzi, iguqule la manzi ajwayelekile abe amanzi anomfutho ophezulu kanye namanzi ahamba kancane. Bese, ithumela amanzi epayipini elinomfutho ophezulu, iqinisekise ukuthi ifinyelela emlonyeni womfutho ophezulu onenani elithile lamandla. Izingxenye zokuhlanza izibhamu zamanzi ezinomfutho ophezulu bese zimunca isihlabathi ekhanda le-sandblasting bese lixuba nekholomu yamanzi anesivinini esikhulu kanye nomfutho ophezulu. Ikholomu yamanzi esivinini esikhulu kanye nomfutho ophezulu ixuba isihlabathi ngenkathi isidubula endaweni yensimbi. Ngale ndlela, isibhamu samanzi esinomfutho ophezulu sihlanganisa ukungqubuzana kwesihlabathi namandla okugeleza kwamanzi anomfutho ophezulu ukuze kususwe kalula upende noma ukugqwala.

Ama-angle grinders okukhipha ukugqwala

Ukususa ukugqwala kwe-abrasive kudinga umsebenzi wezandla omningi. Nokho, kuyindlela ephumelela kakhulu.

I-angle grinder ingenye yamathuluzi anjalo angasetshenziselwa indlela yakhe. Kuphinde kube yithuluzi elifinyeleleka kalula njengoba abagayi besebenzisa uboya bensimbi, obungathengwa kunoma yisiphi isitolo sendawo. Uma ingxenye yensimbi inkulu futhi kunokugqwala okuningi, noma kunjalo, i-sander yamandla ingase ibe usizo kakhulu. Qala ngezinhlamvu ezimahhadlahhadla futhi usebenze ngendlela yakho ukhuphukele kuzinhlamvu ezicolekile ukuze unciphise umonakalo engxenyeni yensimbi. Amanye amathuluzi esandla, njengama-screwdrivers, angakusiza ukuthi ukhiphe ukugqwala, kodwa qiniseka ukuthi usebenzisa i-fine-grit sandpaper ukuze ususe noma yikuphi ukuklwebheka uma usuqedile.

Isikhiphi sokugqwala samakhemikhali

Uma ungafisi ukusebenzisa amathuluzi, ungakhetha amakhemikhali azoncibilikisa ukugqwala. Nokho, la makhemikhali ngokuvamile enziwa nge-oxalic noma i-phosphoric acid, engalimaza isikhumba sakho. Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, udinga ukuqaphela kakhulu lapho uwasebenzisa futhi uhlale ugqoke amagilavu ​​lapho uphatha imikhiqizo yamakhemikhali. Ukwengeza, qiniseka ukuthi ulandela imiyalelo ethile yokusetshenziswa yomkhiqizo, njengoba izinhlelo zokusebenza zingahluka kumkhiqizo ngomkhiqizo.

Izisusi zamakhemikhali eziningi zithatha isikhathi esifanelekile ukusebenza futhi ngokuvamile zidinga ibhulashi ngemva kwalokho. Le mikhiqizo ingamba eqolo, yingakho isikhiphi sokugqwala samakhemikhali sivame ukusetshenziselwa ukususa ukugqwala okuncane.

Rust isiguquli

Esikhundleni sokususa ukugqwala, iziguquli zisebenza ngokusabela ngokugqwala okukhona ukuze kumiswe ukuqhubeka kwe-oxidation. Iziguquli zokugqwala zibukeka njengopende wesifutho futhi zisetshenziswa njengesiqalo samajazi kapende amasha ensimbi. Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, abaguquli bokugqwala bayisinqumo esihle uma uhlela ukudweba amathuluzi akho ensimbi noma izingxenye.

QAPHELA: Uma usebenzisa izinto ezikhipha ukugqwala ngamakhemikhali noma iziguquli zokugqwala, qiniseka ukuthi ungaphandle endaweni enomoya omuhle.

Isikhiphi sokugqwala esenziwe ekhaya

Isikhiphi sokugqwala se-citric acid

Ukuze wenze lesi sikhiphi sokugqwala sasekhaya, hamba esitolo sakho sasekhaya futhi uthenge ibhokisi elincane le-citric acid powder. Thela i-asidi esitsheni sepulasitiki bese wengeza amanzi ashisayo — udale uketshezi olwanele ukuvala ithuluzi lensimbi noma ingxenye. Gcoba ingxenye noma ithuluzi enhlanganisweni futhi ubuke amabhamuza ekhuphuka. Shiya ithuluzi noma ingxenye enhlanganisela ubusuku bonke, uyihlanza ngamanzi ekuseni ukuze ekugcineni ususe ukugqwala ensimbi.

Isikhiphi sokugqwala kwe-diesel

Kulesi sikhiphi sokugqwala esenziwe ekhaya, thenga ilitha likadizili (hhayi isithasiselo sikaphethiloli). Thela idizili esitsheni bese ufaka ithuluzi eligqwalile noma ingxenye yalo. Vumela ingxenye noma ithuluzi kuhlale kudizili cishe amahora angama-24. Ngemva kokuba lesi sikhathi sesidlulile, susa ingxenye noma ithuluzi bese ukhuhla ngebhulashi lethusi. Bese usula ithuluzi noma ingxenye nge-rag ehlanzekile. Ungakhohlwa ukonga udizili ukuze uyisebenzise esikhathini esizayo, njengoba kungase kudingeke ukuthi uphinde ususe ukugqwala esikhathini esizayo. Faka idizili embizeni evalwe ngci ukuze igcinwe.

I-vinegar rust remover

Uviniga omhlophe uhlangana nokugqwala, uwuncibilikise engxenyeni yensimbi noma ithuluzi. Isizathu sokuthi uviniga uphumelele kangaka njengesikhiphi sokugqwala kungenxa yokuthi i-acetic kuviniga iyasabela futhi yakhe i-iron III acetate, okuwuketshezi oluncibilika emanzini. Lokhu kusho ukuthi uviniga ungasusa ukugqwala emanzini kodwa hhayi kumathuluzi noma izingxenye, ngakho-ke uzodinga ukuxubha noma ukusula ukugqwala.

Ukuze usebenzise isikhiphi sokugqwala sikaviniga, mane ucwilise ithuluzi lensimbi noma ingxenye kuviniga omhlophe amahora ambalwa bese uxubha unamathisele ogqwalile. Uma ukugqwala kubonakala kuluhlaza futhi kungasuki kalula, cwilisa ucwecwe lwe-aluminium kuviniga bese uxubha ukugqwala usebenzisa lokho. Ungakwazi futhi ukususa ukugqwala kalula ngokusebenzisa ibhulashi lensimbi noma uboya bensimbi.

Ngifaka isikhathi esingakanani insimbi kuviniga ukuze ngisuse ukugqwala?

Uma usebenzisa uviniga ojwayelekile, inqubo isazosebenza kodwa kuzothatha isikhathi eside ukufeza imiphumela oyifunayo - cishe amahora angama-24. Izindaba ezinhle ukuthi ngemuva kwalawo mahora angama-24, cishe ngeke udinge ukukhuhla okuningi ukuze ususe ukugqwala.

Isikhiphi sokugqwala sikalamula nosawoti

Uma usebenzisa okokususa ukugqwala kwe-lime nosawoti, gcoba indawo egqwalile kakhulu ngosawoti bese ufafaza umcako phezu kwengubo. Yiyeke isikhathi esiningi ngangokunokwenzeka, kodwa umthetho ojwayelekile wukuvumela ingxube ukuthi isethwe okungenani amahora ama-2 ngaphambi kokuyisula. Ngincoma ukuxubha ingxube nge-lime rind. Ngale ndlela, uzosusa ngokuphumelelayo ukugqwala ngaphandle kokubangela umonakalo owengeziwe ensimbi. Zizwe ukhululekile ukusebenzisa ilamula esikhundleni se-lime.

I-baking soda ukususa ukugqwala

I-baking soda iyisisusa sokugqwala esisebenziseka kalula nesisebenzayo sezingxenye zensimbi namathuluzi. Okokuqala, hlanza futhi usule ithuluzi noma ingxenye. Bese, engeza i-baking soda emanzini bese uxuba kuze kube yilapho uthola unamathisele obunzima ongakwazi ukuwusakaza phezu kwensimbi egqwalile. Gcoba inhlama bese uyiyeka ngaphambi kokuyikhuhla ngokucophelela ngebhulashi. Ngezindawo ezincane, ungasebenzisa isixubho ukuze ususe unamathisele. Ekugcineni, hlambulula ingxenye noma ithuluzi ngamanzi ahlanzekile futhi wome.

Amazambane kanye nensipho yesitsha yokususa ukugqwala

Esinye isisusa sokugqwala esenziwe ekhaya sihlanganisa ukusebenzisa amazambane nensipho yezitsha. Okokuqala, usike amazambane abe yisigamu bese usula ukuphela kwengxenye eyodwa ngensipho yesitsha. Bese, gcoba le ngxenye yamazambane ensimbi futhi uyivumele ihlale amahora ambalwa. Ngokuvamile, izincibilikisi zisebenza kahle namazambane kanye nokugqwala ukuze zisuse ukugqwala kalula, ngakho-ke uma ungenayo insipho yezitsha ungasebenzisa futhi i-baking soda namanzi. Hlanganisa isoda namanzi namazambane bese ulandela inqubo efanayo njengoba ubungenza ngensipho yesitsha ukuze ususe ukugqwala engxenyeni yensimbi noma ithuluzi.

Isikhiphi sokugqwala se-oxalic acid

Uma usebenzisa i-oxalic acid yokugqwala, udinga ukuqaphela futhi uthathe izinyathelo zokuphepha. Okokuqala, qiniseka ukuthi unepheya lamagilavu, izingubo zokuzivikela, nezibuko sezilungile. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ungabhemi lapho useduze nendawo yokukhipha ukugqwala noma uhogele intuthu evela ku-asidi.

Isinyathelo sokuqala lapha ukugeza ingxenye egqwalile noma ithuluzi ngesisombululo sokuhlanza, bese uhlanza kahle futhi uyeke ukuthi yome ngokuphelele. Okulandelayo, hlanganisa amathisipuni amahlanu e-oxalic acid cishe namamililitha angama-300 amanzi afudumele. Uma usuqedile, cwilisa ingxenye noma ithuluzi engxenyeni ye-asidi cishe imizuzu engama-20 bese ukhuhla izingxenye ezigqwalile ngebhulashi lethusi. Okokugcina, hlambulula ithuluzi noma ingxenye ngamanzi ahlanzekile bese uvumela ukuthi yome.

Ijusi kalamula ukususa ukugqwala

Ijusi kalamula ine-asidi kakhulu futhi isusa ukugqwala ngokushesha. Odinga ukukwenza nje ukuhlikihla amathuluzi akho agqwalile noma izingxenye ngosawoti othile, engeza ujusi kalamula phezulu, bese uwuyeka uhlale imizuzu embalwa. Ungavumeli ijusi kalamula ukuthi ihlale ethuluzini noma engxenyeni isikhathi eside noma izolimaza kakhulu. Lena inhibitor enhle yemvelo yokugqwala eshiya amathuluzi akho nezingxenye zinuka njengesithelo sewolintshi. Uma ufuna ukwenza ijusi kalamula isebenze nakakhulu, mane ungeze uviniga emithini.

Isikhiphi sokugqwala se-Coca-Cola

Wake wazibuza ukuthi i-Coca-Cola ingakwazi yini ukususa ukugqwala? Impendulo inguyebo, kungenzeka ngoba iCoca-Cola iqukethe i-phosphoric acid. Lesi yisithako esivamile emikhiqizweni eminingi yokususa ukugqwala njengoba isusa ukugqwala.

Kulesi sikhiphi sokugqwala esenziwe ekhaya, okudingeka ukwenze nje ukucwilisa ithuluzi eligqwalile noma ingxenye ku-Coke imizuzu embalwa futhi ubuke ukuze ubone ukuthi ukugqwala kuyaxega futhi kuwa ensimbi. I-Coca-Cola ingasetshenziswa ukususa ukugqwala ezintweni ezihlukahlukene zensimbi, okuhlanganisa amantongomane, amabhawodi, amatheminali ebhethri, ngisho nezinto zokusika. Okuwukuphela kwecala lale ndlela ukuthi iyinqubo enamathelayo, okusho ukuthi kufanele uhlanze ingxenye yensimbi noma ithuluzi kahle uma usuqedile.

I-soda ne-ketchup yokugqwala ukususa

Ukuze uthole lesi sikhiphi sokugqwala esilula futhi esithengekayo, okumele ukwenze nje ukuxuba amanzi nesoda yokuwasha. Bese, fafaza insimbi egqwalile ngamanzi anesoda bese uxubha indawo egqwalile ngeketchup. Okulandelayo, vumela i-ketchup nesoda kuhlale endaweni egqwalile imizuzu engu-120 bese ugeza ngamanzi ukuze uveze insimbi ehlanzekile ngaphansi.

Isikhiphi sokugqwala somuthi wokugqwala

Wonke umuntu unomuthi wokuxubha ekhaya, okwenza isikhiphi sokugqwala sokugqwala kube indlela engabizi yokususa ukugqwala kumathuluzi noma izingxenye. Ukuze usebenzise le ndlela, faka umuthi wokuxubha esiqeshini sendwangu bese uhlikihla ingxenye noma ithuluzi, ugxile ku-patch egqwalile. Okulandelayo, shiya unamathisele ensimbi cishe imizuzu eyi-10 bese ugeza. Ukuze uthole imiphumela engcono kakhulu, sebenzisa umuthi wokuxubha omhlophe, hhayi uhlobo lwejeli.

Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa

Kuyini ukugqwala?

Ukugqwala kubhekisela kuma-oxide akhiqizwa phezu kwezinsimbi (kuhlanganise nama-alloys). Ukugqwala kwakhiwe ukusabela kwe-redox phakathi kwensimbi nomoya-mpilo, ngezimo ezihlukene ezikhiqiza izinhlobo ezahlukene zokugqwala. Ukugqwala kwakhiwe ikakhulukazi i-ferric oxide hydrate Fe2O3 · nH2O kanye ne-ferric hydroxide (FeO(OH), Fe(OH)3).

I-aluminium ingaba oxidized, kodwa ngokuvamile ayibizwa ngokuthi ukugqwala ngoba i-aluminium oxidation ihamba kancane kakhulu. I-Aluminium ingena kwinqubo eyaziwa ngokuthi i-passivation, lapho umoya-mpilo wenza ifilimu eliminyene le-aluminium oxide ngaphezulu. I-ayoni, ngakolunye uhlangothi ingaba yi-oxidized ngokuphelele ukuze igle ngemva kwesikhathi esanele lapho kukhona umoya-mpilo owanele namanzi.

Kungani insimbi igqwala?

Ukugqwala ukusabela kwamakhemikhali okuyi-oxidation yezinsimbi. Okuvame kakhulu ukugqwala kwenzeka lapho imikhiqizo yensimbi iye yachayeka emoyeni isikhathi eside, okungabangela ukusabela kwe-oxidation phakathi kwensimbi nomoya-mpilo. Enye into evamile yokugqwala yilapho insimbi iguguleka umoya-mpilo osemanzini bese iba ama-oxide.

Indlela ukususa ukugqwala?

Ungasebenzisa amathuluzi ahlukahlukene ukuqhuma noma ukucwilisa ukugqwala endaweni yensimbi. Yiqiniso, indlela engcono kakhulu ihlala ukususwa kwe-laser rust, njengoba le ndlela ingasheshi futhi ihlanzekile kuphela, kodwa futhi ivimbela ukulimaza okuqhubekayo kwendawo yensimbi. Ngemva kokukhipha ukugqwala, ingaphezulu lensimbi kufanele lihlale liphathwa, limbozwe ngongqimba lomthofu, bese lipendwe noma lihlanganiswe nezinye izinsimbi ezingagqwali kalula.

Indlela yokuvimbela insimbi ukuthi ingagqwali?

Ukumboza indawo yensimbi ngesendlalelo sokuzivikela kuyindlela evamile futhi ebalulekile esetshenziselwa ukuvimbela ukugqwala kwemikhiqizo yensimbi. Ukugcina izindawo zensimbi zihlanzekile futhi zomile kuyindlela enhle yokuvimbela ukugqwala. Yiqiniso, kunezindlela zokusebenzisa ama-alloys ensimbi ukushintsha isakhiwo sangaphakathi sensimbi futhi kwandiswe ukumelana nokugqwala.

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