Amathrendi Ayisithupha Okufakwa Kwepulasitiki Okumangalisayo

Ipulasitiki iveza inketho esebenza ngempumelelo uma iqhathaniswa nezinye izinto zokupakisha. Esikhundleni sokusebenzisa ingilazi engaphezu kwamaphawundi angamashumi amane ukuthutha iziphuzo noma ngaphezulu, amabhizinisi angathola umsebenzi ngamakhilogremu amabili epulasitiki.

Umehluko usobala! Futhi amabhrendi angonga izindleko ngokutshala imali kupulasitiki. Nazi amapulasitiki amahlanu aphawulekayo izitayela zokupakisha ukucabangela.

Okuqukethwe
Uhlolojikelele lwemakethe yokupakisha yepulasitiki
Izitayela zokupakisha zepulasitiki ezi-6 ezishintsha imakethe
Amazwi wokugcina

Uhlolojikelele lwemakethe yokupakisha yepulasitiki

Emashumini ambalwa eminyaka adlule abone ukwanda okukhulu kokusetshenziswa kwepulasitiki emhlabeni jikelele. Ngokocwaningo, ochwepheshe balinganisela ukusetshenziswa kwepulasitiki emhlabeni ukuba kube Amathani ayizigidi ezingama-460. Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi imboni yokupakisha ibambe isikhundla esiphezulu, ibalwa ngaphezu kuka-31% wesamba sesilinganiso.

Ipulasitiki ingapakisha cishe noma yini, okuhlanganisa uketshezi, izimpushana, okuqinile, nama-semi-solids. Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, izimboni ezihlukahlukene zikhetha zona kunezinye izindlela ezifana nephepha, insimbi, nengilazi.

Njengoba izimfuno zokudla okusha, izinto ezibolayo, neminye imikhiqizo efanayo zilokhu zikhula, abathengisi bamukela izinketho zokupakisha ezihleleke kakhudlwana, ezingasindi, nezivumelana nezimo. Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, ingxenye yepulasitiki ijabulela izinga lokukhula eliqhubekayo.

Ngaphandle kokukhathazeka okwandayo ngezingozi zemvelo zokupakishwa kwepulasitiki, imakethe isaveza indlela esebenzayo yokuvikela izimpahla ngesikhathi sokuthunyelwa. Noma kunjalo, ukupakishwa okuvamile kungase kuthathele indawo amapulasitiki uma amanani okugaywa kabusha engathuthuki.

Ngo-2021, ochwepheshe bazisa imakethe yokupakisha epulasitiki $ 355 billion. Balindele ukuthi imboni izokhula ku-CAGR ka-4.2% CAGR kusukela ngo-2022 kuya ku-2030. Futhi, imakethe yokupakisha epulasitiki esimeme yomhlaba wonke kulindeleke ukuthi ifinyelele cishe $ 130 billion ngo-2026, okubonisa ukuthi i-bioplastics izoba nomthelela omkhulu emakethe yokupakisha yepulasitiki.

Ngakho-ke, amabhizinisi kufanele asebenzise lezi zindlela ezintsha ukuze akhulise ukungena kwawo ezimbonini ezihlukene futhi ahlangabezane nezidingo zabathengi bawo ngenkathi ehlisa imfucuza.

Izitayela zokupakisha zepulasitiki ezi-6 ezishintsha imakethe

I-biodegradable plastic packaging

Ipulasitiki ebolayo ithatha kancane kancane imakethe yokupakisha njengoba abathengisi abaningi beshintshela ezixazululweni ezilungele imvelo. Le nhlanganisela yokwenziwa ingabola ngokuhamba kwesikhathi ngokusebenzisa izindlela zebhayoloji bese iphenduka i-carbon dioxide, amanzi, kanye ne-biomass.

Leli khono le-polymer eliyingqayizivele lokucekela phansi ngokwemvelo liyinikeza umkhawulo phezu kwamanye amapulasitiki, okuyenza ibe enye yezinketho ezinhle kakhulu zokupakisha. Ezinye izinhlobo zifaka i-polylactic acid (PLA), amapulasitiki asekelwe ku-cellulose, ama-polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs), nezingxube zesitashi zezitshalo.

Kuthatha kuphela phakathi kwezinyanga ezintathu kuya kweziyisithupha ukuthi amapulasitiki abolayo abola—ngokuchayeka njalo ekukhanyeni noma emoyeni. Ngokuphambene, kuthatha ama-polymer avamile cishe iminyaka eyinkulungwane ukuze afinyelele izinga elifanayo lokuwohloka.

Yize amapulasitiki abolayo angangena esikhundleni sama-polymer ajwayelekile kuzo zonke izigaba, izindleko zawo eziphakeme zivimbela amabhizinisi amaningi ukuthi ashintshe ukupakisha.

Noma ngabe yikuphi, ama-polymers ange-biodegradable asabalele ngaphakathi ukupakisha kokudla. Ezinye izibonelo ezijwayelekile zihlanganisa izikhwama ezithwalayo, iziqukathi zokukhipha, nezinkomishi zekhofi.

Amabhizinisi nawo angatshala imali kuwo izikhwama zepulasitiki ezibolayo. Abakhiqizi bavame ukusebenzisa lezi polymers zokwenziwa ukuze bakhe izikhwama zokuthenga, ukupakisha, nezinye izikhwama ezisetshenziswa kanye.

 Polypropylene (PP) ipulasitiki

I-Polypropylene iyi-thermoplastic eqinile, eqinile, ecwebezelayo eyenziwe nge-propene monomer. Nakuba iqinile kancane, i-polypropylene ingenye ye-thermoplastics elula kakhulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, inikeza ukuminyana okuphansi, ukumelana nokushisa okuphezulu, kanye nezindawo zokuxosha amanzi.

Abakhiqizi basebenzisa amasu ahlukahlukene ukwenza i-polypropylene. Bangenza ipulasitiki ibe yinhle, iqiniswe ngemicu yemvelo, noma ngemicu yengilazi emifushane nende. Amanye amasu ahlanganisa i-blow molding kanye ne-sheet thermoforming.

I-PP ilungele amaphakheji amaningi izinhlelo zokusebenza ngenxa yokucaca kwayo okuphezulu, ukudluliswa komhwamuko ophansi, izakhiwo ezinhle zokuvimbela, amandla aphezulu, isiphetho esihle sendawo, kanye nokuthengeka. Amabhizinisi angayisebenzisela imikhiqizo ekudleni, ezempilo, ekunakekelweni komuntu siqu, emikhakheni yezokwelapha neye-labware. Ngokuthakazelisayo, bangasebenzisa i-polypropylene ukupakisha eminye imikhiqizo eminingi.

Nakuba ikwazi ukugaywa kabusha ngokuphelele futhi inokumelana namakhemikhali okuhle, i-polypropylene isengozini yokuhlaselwa yizincibilikisi nama-microbes ane-oxidizing kakhulu.

Ipulasitiki ye-polypropylene isebenza kahle kakhulu embonini yokudla. Ingasetshenziselwa iziqukathi zebanga lokudla njengamabhodlela emithi, izinkomishi zeyogathi, namashubhu emajarini.

Ipulasitiki ye-Polyvinyl chloride (PVC).

I-Polyvinyl chloride, eyaziwa nangokuthi i-PVC noma i-vinyl, iyinto yesithathu ngobukhulu emhlabeni ngevolumu, eduze kwe-polyethylene ne-polypropylene. Kuyinto eqinile futhi ephukayo eza ngama-granules noma ifomu lempushana.

Ukwengeza, i-PVC ayisindi, iyabiza, futhi iguquguquka kakhulu, ivumela amabhizinisi ukuthi enze imikhiqizo yephakheji ngaphandle kokwesaba. Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi ukufakwa kwe-polyvinyl chloride imelana nokulimala kwezinto eziphilayo kanye namakhemikhali.

Nakuba i-PVC ngokuvamile iguquguquka noma iqinile, amabhizinisi angathenga ezinye izinhlobo ezifana ne-chlorinated polyvinyl chloride (CPVC), i-PVC egxile kumamolekyuli, kanye nezinhlobonhlobo eziguquliwe (ngokuvamile ezidizayinelwe izinhlelo zokusebenza ezithile).

Amabhizinisi angasebenzisa amaphakeji epulasitiki e-PVC emithini engathinteki, amagobolondo, izikhwama zokupakisha ezisindayo, kanye nokugoqa.

I-PVC iyinto encane kakhulu yokupakisha ipulasitiki esebenziseka kalula njengoba izinto eziyinsalela zinobuthi kubantu, izilwane kanye nemvelo. Nokho, yenza izinto zokwakha ezinhle kakhulu nezokwakha ngemva kokugaywa kabusha.

Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi abathengisi bangasebenzisa amafilimu e-PVC njengokwelula nokuncipha kwezimpahla zabathengi nezimboni. Zingase futhi zisebenze njenge-pallet wraps.

Ipulasitiki ye-high-density polyethylene (HDPE).

I-polyethylene ephakeme kakhulu, noma i-HDPE, iyipulasitiki eguquguqukayo enemisebenzi eminingi-kusuka ekwenzeni amapayipi kuya emabhodleleni okugcina. Futhi yaziwa kakhulu ngamandla ayo angavamile okudonsa amandla kanye nenani eliphezulu lamandla-kuya-kuminyana.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuqina okuphezulu kwe-HDPE kuyenza ibe enye kakhulu ipulasitiki elithambile izinto ezitholakalayo. Abakhiqizi abaningi bayisebenzisa ukwenza izimbiza zobisi, amabhodlela e-shampoo, amabhodi okusika, namanye amabhodlela epulasitiki.

Amandla ayo aqinile, ukugqwala kanye nokumelana nomthelela, kanye nephoyinti lokuncibilika eliphezulu kuyenza ibe yinhle kakhulu ekufakweni kwamapayipi angaphansi komhlaba. I-HDPE futhi yenza iziqukathi eziqinile zezincibilikisi, ama-asidi, izinto zokuhlanza, kanye neningi lamakhemikhali.

I-HDPE ingenye indlela esebenzayo yoku izinto zokupakisha ezinzima futhi ifanele amabhizinisi afuna amandla kanye nobungane bemvelo ephaketheni elilodwa lepulasitiki.

Ukusetshenziswa okuvame kakhulu kwepulasitiki ye-HDPE ukukhiqizwa kwamabhodlela okugcina. Lawa mabhodlela angaphatha uketshezi oluningi, okuhlanganisa ubisi, ama-conditioner, amafutha emoto, ama-bleach, nama-shampoos.

Ipulasitiki ye-Polyethylene terephthalate (PETE)

I-polyethylene terephthalate, eyaziwa nangokuthi i-PETE, noma i-PET, idume ngendlela emangalisayo ngokukhiqiza amabhodlela eziphuzo. Ipulasitiki ifaka ukucaca okungenakuqhathaniswa, amandla, kanye nekhwalithi ephezulu yokuvimbela umswakama. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ipulasitiki ye-PET iyamelana nomthelela.

Lokhu ipulasitiki engasindi ayisabela ekudleni noma eziphuzweni futhi ivikelekile ekuhlaselweni amagciwane. I-PETE ngeke yonakale ngokwebhayoloji njengengilazi kodwa ayinqamuki futhi iyahambiseka.

Amabhizinisi angasebenzisa amapulasitiki e-PET ukupakisha iziphuzo, amanzi, okokugqoka kwesaladi, isoso, neminye imikhiqizo ewuketshezi noma ewuketshezi. Eminye imikhiqizo eqinile ibuye ihambisane nokupakishwa kwepulasitiki ye-PETE.

Yini enye? I-FDA igunyaze ipulasitiki ye-PETE ukuthi ithintane nokudla, futhi iyasimema futhi igaywa kabusha ngokuphelele. Kodwa-ke, ipulasitiki inamandla amancane futhi ibuthakathaka ekulimazeni ukushisa namakhemikhali aqinile.

Amapulasitiki e-PET angakha izikhwama zokupakisha izimonyo neminye imikhiqizo yokunakekelwa komuntu siqu. Futhi, abathengisi bangakwazi ukwenza ngokwezifiso amaphakheji abo ngamaphrinti nezithombe. Abathengisi bangaphinda basebenzise ipulasitiki ye-PET yezimpahla ezibhakiwe.

Ipulasitiki encibilikayo emanzini

Esinye isibonelo se-polymer enkulu ebolayo ipulasitiki encibilika emanzini. Njengoba igama lisho, le nhlanganisela yokwenziwa ibola ngokushesha lapho ihlangana namanzi abilayo.

Enziwe ngaphandle kwezinsimbi ezisindayo ezinobuthi, amapulasitiki ancibilika emanzini asebenza njengamafilimu okugoqa akhona kumathebulethi elondolo noma iziwashi. Njengamanje, le pulasitiki engaboli kahle yenza amagagasi embonini yezingubo njengoba abakhiqizi abaningi beyisebenzisa ukwenza izinto ezisebenza kahle kakhulu. izikhwama zezingubo.

Amazwi wokugcina

Ukufakwa kwepulasitiki kunikeza indlela enhle kakhulu yokugcina imikhiqizo ngaphambi kokuba ifinyelele kumthengi wokugcina. Amabhizinisi angehlisa izindleko futhi avikele izimpahla zawo ngokusebenzisa izitayela ezihlukahlukene zokupakisha zepulasitiki.

Ipulasitiki engaboli, i-polypropylene, i-polyvinyl chloride, i-polyethylene enokuminyana okuphezulu, ipulasitiki encibilika emanzini, ne-polyethylene terephthalate yizindlela zokupakisha zepulasitiki okufanele kugxilwe kuzo.