I-Brainy Yakha Imikhiqizo Yokwakha: Ukuhlaziywa Kwemakethe Ngokwakhiwa Okuhlakaniphile

Ukwakhiwa okuhlakaniphile kusungula umhlaba womklamo wokwakha nokusebenzisa ngendlela engencane. Isinyathelo ngasinye senqubo, kusukela ekuhleleni kuya ezindaweni zokusebenza, senziwe ngcono ngokwengeza ukusebenza okuhlakaniphile. Lo mbhalo uhlola ukuthi kungani imakethe yomhlaba wonke yokwakha ehlakaniphile ikhula, ukuthi ibukeka ikhula kangakanani, nokuthi kungani amabhizinisi kufanele atshale imali ekwakheni ngobuhlakani. Ngokuhlaziywa kwemibiko yokukhula yaminyaka yonke, izinkampani ezibalulekile ezisebenza ngaphakathi kwemakethe yezokwakha ngobuhlakani, nokuthi ukwakhiwa okukhaliphile kwenza impilo yansuku zonke ibe ngcono, lesi sihloko sakha isithombe sokuthi imakethe ingase ibukeke kanjani ngo-2022 nangesikhathi esizayo.

Okuqukethwe
Kuyini ukwakhiwa okuhlakaniphile?
Yiziphi izinto zokwakha ezihlakaniphile?
Yiziphi izinkampani ezinkulu ezisebenza emakethe yokwakha ehlakaniphile?
Ithini imakethe yamanje yokwakha ngobuhlakani?
Iyini imakethe yesikhathi esizayo yokwakhiwa okuhlakaniphile

Kuyini ukwakhiwa okuhlakaniphile?

Igama elithi “Smart” igama elisetshenziswa ngokwandayo ezimbonini eziningi, okuhlanganisa nezokuphepha ekhaya, izibalo, nezokwakha. Lokhu ngokuvamile kubhekisela ezintweni ezibonisa uhlobo oluthile lokuhlanganisa kanye I-automated umsebenzi. Nazi izibonelo ezimbalwa zokubhekisela:

• Izakhiwo ezihlakaniphile: Ngezinye izikhathi ezibizwa ngokuthi ama-automated noma amabhilidi ahlakaniphile, lezi yizakhiwo eziqukethe ubuchwepheshe obunezintambo noma obungenantambo, kanye nezinhlelo zokuphendula ezizenzakalelayo.
• Amadolobha ahlakaniphile: Lezi izindawo ezinkulu, eziqukethe izindawo zokuhlala eziningi, zonke ezixhumene ngaphakathi kwenethiwekhi ehlanganisiwe, yokuxhumana ngocingo. Amadolobha ahlakaniphile kulindeleke ukuthi akhuthaze ikusasa elisebenzayo, lezomnotho, neliqhubekayo lezakhamizi.
• Idizayini ehlakaniphile: Ngokuvamile isetshenziswa ekuhlelweni kwedolobha ekwakhiweni okuhlakaniphile, idizayini ehlakaniphile empeleni iyinoma yiluphi uhlobo lomklamo ohlanganisa ubuchwepheshe ukuze uvumele ukuqonda okubanzi kwendawo yasendaweni. Lokhu kunganikeza onjiniyela ukufinyelela olwazini oluyisisekelo lwesifunda esiseduze phakathi kwedolobha, isibonelo, kanye nokufinyelela kumaphothifoliyo wendawo. Idizayini ehlakaniphile ingabaluleka ekuhleleni okunembile, futhi ikhono lokuthola ulwazi lwemvelo ebaluleke kangaka ngokucindezela inkinobho lingaba wusizo olukhulu.
• Imishini ehlakaniphile: Lokhu kungafaka noma yiluphi uhlobo lwemoto yokwakha ebonisa ukusebenza okuzenzakalelayo kusuka ama-caterpillar excavators futhi imishini yokwakha yamarobhothi kuya ibhulokhi, amadoza ebhakede, Futhi ama-hydraulic excavators. Noma yiluphi uhlobo lwemishini ehlakaniphile noma irobhothi lokwakha lingahlukaniswa njengemoto ehlakaniphile.

Izindlela zebhizinisi "ezihlakaniphile" zizuza ngokushesha ezilungiselelweni eziningi, kodwa mhlawumbe azikho njengokwakha. Nakuba izinto eziyisisekelo zokwakha ziye zahlala, ngokwezinga elithile, okufanayo ezinkulungwaneni zeminyaka, ukhiye bekulokhu kuwukuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle. Ngokufika kwe Ukwakhiwa kwe-Modeling Information (BIM), abathuthukisi bakwazile ukuthuthukisa izindlela “zokwakha ngaphandle kwendawo” ngokuqhubekayo. Ngokusebenzisa i-BIM, manje sebeyakwazi ukwenza imephu futhi bahlele izigaba ezihlukahlukene zenqubo yokwakha kusenesikhathi. Lokhu kuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle futhi kunciphisa ukuchithwa kwamandla, okwenza yonke inqubo isimeme futhi ivumelane nemvelo.

Yiziphi izinto zokwakha ezihlakaniphile?

Kuyaqondakala ukuthi izinto zokwakha ziyadingeka ukuze noma yimuphi umsebenzi wokwakha uqale ngisho nokusuka phansi. Ngenkathi imishini ingathathwa njengehlakaniphile ngandlela thize noma ngokusebenza kwayo, kanjalo nazo kanye izinto ezisetshenziswa ngesikhathi sokwakha, nakuba ngendlela ehluke kakhulu. Izinto ezihlakaniphile, noma ezihlakaniphile zichazwa njengezinto ezibonisa ukuhlukahluka okulawulwayo, okwenziwe ngamabomu, nokubikezela esicini esisodwa noma eziningi ezichaziwe. Igama elithi "impahla yokwakha ehlakaniphile" libanzi ngamabomu, livumela ukuhlanganiswa kwazo zonke izinhlobo zokusebenza, okuhlanganisa izinguquko kokuthi:

• Izinga lokushisa/ukukhanya okuphumayo noma ukumunca.
• Ukuminyana, ingcindezi namandla.
• Izinkambu zikazibuthe kanye/noma zikagesi.
• Izimonyo zamakhemikhali.
• Umthelela endaweni ezungezile (efana nomswakama noma ukutholwa kokushisa).

Lezi zinguquko zivame ukufezwa ngolunye uhlobo ngaphandle, ngokuvamile ugesi, izisusa. Ngokunikezwa ikhono lazo lokujwayela indawo ethile, izinto ezihlakaniphile zingafakwa cishe kunoma iyiphi ingxenye yendawo yomklamo noma isisekelo esingaphansi. Angahlanganiswa nokhonkolo, ipulasitiki, ingilazi, noma ama-alloys futhi asize ukufeza ukusebenza kahle cishe kunoma yisiphi isigaba senqubo yokwakha ehlakaniphile - kusukela ekwakhiweni kuya ekugcineni ekulungisweni kwesakhiwo. Ukusetshenziswa kwezinto ezihlakaniphile kungathuthukisa impilo yonke yebhilidi noma kuvele kuthuthukise ukusebenza kwaso.

Yiziphi izinkampani ezinkulu ezisebenza emakethe yemishini yokwakha ehlakaniphile?

1. Dewalt
2. I-JCB
3. Hitachi Construction Machinery Komatsu
4. CASE
5. Caterpillar
6. Volvo
7. I-Doosan
8. Hyundai
9. I-XCMG
10. I-Zoomlion
11. Autonomous Solutions
12. Amarobhothi Akhiwe
13. Ngelanga
14. I-Westbase Technology
15. I-Sky Tronic
16. I-StreamBIM
17. I-Globiz
18. I-Mohocon
19. Izinsiza ze-SMS

Ithini imakethe yamanje yokwakha ngobuhlakani?

Yize imakethe yomhlaba wonke yokwakha ehlakaniphile yehle ngo-17.4% ngonyaka ka-2020 uma iqhathaniswa nowezi-2019 okudalwe izehlakalo zomhlaba wonke zakamuva, isakhula ngesivinini esimangalisayo. Ngo-2021, imakethe yezokwakha ezihlakaniphile emhlabeni wonke yalinganiselwa ku-$67.60 billion, kanti ukukhula kwayo okucatshangwayo kubeka inani layo ku-$80.62 billion ngo-2022 kanye nenani elikhulu lama-dollar ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-328.62 ngo-2029. Lokho kumelela izinga lokukhula kwe-CAGR lama-22.2% esikhathini esibikezelwe. Iqiniso elimsulwa ukuthi, ngokugxila okukhulayo ekusebenzeni kahle kwamandla ezindaweni eziningi ezihlukene, imakethe yamanje iyimakethe yabathengi. Ngakho-ke umbono wokwakha ngobuhlakani umele ukuthuthuka futhi uqhubeke uthuthukela esikhathini esizayo esibonakalayo.

Ithini imakethe yesikhathi esizayo yokwakhiwa okuhlakaniphile?

Ukwanda kokufudukela emadolobheni kungesinye isici esibikezelwe ukuthi sizosheshisa ukukhula kwemakethe yezakhiwo ezihlakaniphile emhlabeni wonke eminyakeni emi-5-6 ezayo, futhi mhlawumbe isikhathi eside nakakhulu. Ngokusho kuka-a Inkundla Yongoti Yezinga Eliphezulu umbiko osuka ku-2019, cishe u-70% wabantu bomhlaba kulindeleke ukuthi usatshalaliswe ezindaweni zasemadolobheni ngo-2050. Lokhu, kuhambisana nokwenyuka kokubusa kanye nentela yokusetshenziswa kwamandla kagesi, sekuholele ekutheni izinkampani eziningi ziqale ukuhlola imibono emisha yokwakha. Omunye wemibono esemqoka abaye bafinyelela kuwo ngokuhlanganyela owokwakha ngobuhlakani kanye nemishini ezenzakalelayo. Umbiko weSchneider Electric Whitepaper uthi u-36% wokukhishwa kwekhabhoni emhlabeni wonke uhlobene nemboni yezokwakha, futhi ubangelwa izakhiwo ngokwazo. Embikweni wakwaDeloitte, kuphakanyiswa ukuthi lokhu kungancishiswa ngokulingana 70% ngokuqaliswa ngokushesha nangempumelelo kobuchwepheshe obuvele bukhona bokwakha obuhlakaniphile.

Unalokhu engqondweni, akumangazi ukuqaphela ukuthi ngisho nemibiko elondolozayo iphakamisa ukuthi imakethe yokwakha ehlakaniphile ingase ikhule eminyakeni ezayo. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi yikuphi, kubonakala sengathi kungenzeka ukuthi ukwanda kokuphepha kanye nenhlanzeko okunikezwa izimo zokuphila ezihlakaniphile kuzofunwa kakhulu eminyakeni ezayo.

Isiphetho

Umkhuba osekela umhlaba okhulayo wezimboni ezihlakaniphile kanye nemishini ezishintshayo ayibonisanga zimpawu zokwehla cishe iminyaka engu-250 kusukela ekuqaleni kweNguquko Yezimboni. Ngakho-ke, kungaba ubuwula ukulindela ukuthi izohamba kancane manje, futhi empeleni uma ngabe kukhona ukwanda kokuhlanganiswa kobuchwepheshe obuhlakaniphile bekungeyona into emfushane kakhulu. Lokhu akufani neze emhlabeni wokwakha, njengabo bonke imibiko kubonakala kubonisa. Lona umkhuba, akuyona imfashini, futhi esikhathini esizayo umbuzo owodwa kuphela ozosala ezinkampanini zokuthuthukiswa kwezindlu: "Uqale nini futhi kuphi ukuzwa ngokwakhiwa okuhlakaniphile?"