Ungawasebenzisela Kanjani Amandla Elanga Ngezinjongo Ezihlukene

Ngokusho kwe-International Renewable Energy Agency, amandla avuselelekayo manje asesemhlabeni wonke umthombo wamandla oshibhile. Izindleko zemithombo evuselelekayo njengelanga nomoya zehlile uma kuqhathaniswa nezinye izinto zokubasa ezimbiwa phansi. Ubuchwepheshe belanga buyahlaziywa futhi buvumelane nezinjongo ezahlukene.

Okuqukethwe
Amandla avuselelekayo manje asewumthombo wamandla oshibhe kunawo wonke emhlabeni
Ukusebenzisa amandla elanga
Amandla elanga ayakala

Amandla avuselelekayo manje asewumthombo wamandla oshibhe kunawo wonke emhlabeni

Shintshela kumandla avuselelekayo

IGlobal Renewables Outlook: Energy Transformation 2050 umbiko oshicilelwe yi-International Renewable Energy Agency uphawula isidingo esikhulu sohlelo lwamandla oluguquguqukayo. Ngaphezu kuka-60% wawo wonke amandla okukhiqiza amandla angavela emithonjeni evuselelekayo efana nelanga nomoya njengoba umhlaba uba nogesi.

Kwakukhona iconsi ezingaphezu kuka 60% kule minyaka eyishumi edlule ezindlekweni zokufaka i-solar, namandla elanga manje sekuyindlela esebenzayo. Isitshalo selanga esikhulu kunazo zonke eYurophu kulindeleke ukuthi iqale ukunikeza amandla kusukela ngo-Ephreli 2022. Amazwe ase-Europe afana neJalimane, i-Netherlands, ne-Spain nawo andise umthamo wawo we-solar photovoltaic.

Ukukhanya kwelanga kuyisisetshenziswa esimeme nesivuselelekayo

Emhlabeni jikelele, imakethe yamandla elanga kulindeleke ukuthi ifinyelele $ 223.3 billion ngo-2026, ngezinga lokukhula lonyaka elihlanganisiwe 20.5% kusukela ngo-2019 kuya ku-2026 intengo ephansi yesilinganiso sephaneli yelanga isiza kuphela ukufaka isandla esidingweni esikhulayo.

Ukusebenzisa amandla elanga

Kungenzeka ukuhambisa izinhlelo zamandla elanga ezindlini nasezimweni zezentengiselwano noma zezimboni. Amandla elanga angasetshenziswa yonke indawo, ikakhulukazi ekushiseni nasekuphehleni ugesi ngezinga eliphezulu.

Amaphaneli elanga asebenza ngokusebenzisa ubuchwepheshe be-photovoltaic. Kalula nje, lobu buchwepheshe busebenza ngokuguqula ukukhanya kwelanga kube ugesi. I iningi lama-solar panel emakethe namuhla sebenzisa i-silicon ye-monocrystalline noma i-polycrystalline silicon.

Amaphaneli elanga e-Monocrystalline kanye ne-polycrystalline

Amaphaneli elanga e-Monocrystalline zisikwa ku-silicon crystal eyodwa kuyilapho amaphaneli elanga e-polycrystalline esikwa kumakristalu e-silicon amaningi. Kuyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu ukukhiqiza amaphaneli elanga e-monocrystalline, futhi ngokuvamile abiza kakhulu ngenxa yokusebenza kahle kwawo okuphezulu ekuguquleni ukukhanya kwelanga kube amandla, ku-15% kuya ku-24%. Isilinganiso ukusebenza kahle kwe-polycrystalline solar Iphaneli ingu-13% kuya ku-20%.

Izilinganiso zokusebenza kahle zibalulekile uma umuntu ebheke ukukhulisa ukukhishwa kwamandla. Uma kunezingqinamba zesikhala, ukufaka amaphaneli elanga asebenza kahle kakhulu kungaba usizo. Kubathengi abakhetha ukusebenzisa amandla avuselelekayo ezindlini zabo, izinhlelo zelanga zasekhaya ziyasebenza ngempela. Ukufaka ngokuvamile kulula, futhi kuwuhlelo oluthule. Amaphaneli elanga e-Monocrystalline angaba usizo kulabo abanezikhala ezilinganiselwe zophahla.

Amaphaneli elanga e-Monocrystalline nawo enza kahle ekushiseni okuphezulu nasezindaweni eziphansi zokukhanya, okuwenza afanelekele ukusetshenziswa ezindaweni ezifudumele nasezifundeni ezinokukhanya kwelanga okuphansi. Imakethe yendawo yokuhlala yamandla elanga kulindeleke ukuthi ibhalise izinga lokukhula elihlanganisiwe lonyaka ezingaphezu kuka 10.5% kusukela ngo-2022 kuya ku-2027, isifunda sase-Asia Pacific siyimakethe enkulu kunazo zonke nekhula ngokushesha.

Izinhlelo zamandla elanga nazo zingahlanganiswa kugridi yamandla. Amasistimu elanga akugridi zinhle njengoba zingathumela amandla engeziwe kugridi lapho abasebenzisi bengawadingi. Labo abase-US bangase bafanelekele izikweletu zentela ngokufaka izinhlelo zamandla elanga. Izifunda zase-US ezifana neCalifornia khokha abasebenzisi ukuze uthole amandla engeziwe akhiqizwayo, kuyilapho labo abahlala eTexas bangase bafanelekele ukukhululwa enteleni ngokufaka izinhlelo zamandla avuselelekayo.

Amaphaneli elanga azacile futhi aguquguqukayo

Imakethe yamaseli elanga acwebezelayo emhlabeni wonke kulindeleke ukuthi ikhule ngesilinganiso sokukhula saminyaka yonke esingu-19.4% kusukela ngo-2017 kuya ku-2023, ukuze ifinyelele ku-$39,512 million ngo-2023. amaphaneli elanga amancane anefilimu.

Esikhundleni sama-crystal wafers, amangqamuzana elanga anefilimu elincanyana enziwa ngokumboza ungqimba oluncane lwento eyisisetshenziswa semiconductor eshidini lengilazi, ipulasitiki, noma ucwecwe lwensimbi. Yize ishibhile futhi kulula ukuyifaka njengoba idinga okokusebenza okuncane, izilinganiso zayo zokusebenza kahle zicishe zibe 10% kuya 13%, ngokuvamile aphansi kunalawo amaphaneli e-monocrystalline.

Amaphaneli elanga aguquguqukayo amaphaneli amafilimu amancane agcina ukusebenza lapho eguquguquka. Amaphaneli elanga aguquguqukayo alula futhi avame ukuphatheka. Lawa maphaneli alungele ukusetshenziswa ezindaweni ezinkulu, ezingalingani, noma ezigobile. Angafakwa emathangeni amanzi ukuze anikeze amandla okumpompa amanzi noma ezimotweni ezinjengamaveni noma amabhasi ukuze zifake amandla noma yiziphi izinto ezisetshenziswayo ezincane ezisetshenziswayo, isibonelo, izifeni.

Amaphaneli elanga acwebezelayo futhi aguquguqukayo angasetshenziswa futhi ukunikeza amandla emahhovisi nezakhiwo zezentengiselwano ezinamafacade amakhulu. Lezi zingaba yingxenye ye-a uhlelo lwe-photovoltaics oluhlanganisiwe lwesakhiwo (BIPV)., lapho amamojula we-photovoltaic ayingxenye yesakhiwo. Isibonelo sohlelo lwe-BIPV yi-Copenhagen International School - Nordhavn. Lezi zinhlelo zifanele wonke umuntu othanda ukusebenzisa amandla avuselelekayo ukonga izindleko.

Ukufaka izinhlelo ze-BIPV kuvuliwe ukwakha ama-facade futhi yenza ukuthi izinhlangano zidume kahle. Kuwubufakazi obuhle obubonakalayo bokuzibophezela ekwehliseni ukukhishwa kwesisi esibamba ukushisa.

Ezinye izinhlobo zamaphaneli elanga

Ngaphandle kwe izinhlobo ezijwayelekile zamaphaneli elanga, kunezinye izinhlobo eziningana zamaphaneli enziwe ngezinhlobo ezahlukene zamaseli elanga. Isibonelo yi- Iphaneli yelanga ye-PERC, esebenzisa i-PERC¹ ubuchwepheshe. Amaseli e-PERC angakwazi ukufeza ukusebenza kahle okuphezulu kunamaseli ajwayelekile elanga njengoba engakhiqiza 6% kuya 12% amandla amaningi kunamaphaneli elanga avamile. Okukhiphayo okufanayo kungatholwa ngamaphaneli ambalwa. Lokhu kungasebenza kahle kulabo abanezingqinamba zesikhala.

Kuzinhlelo zokusebenza zezentengiso, umuntu angase acabangele amaseli elanga e-heterojunction (HJT) njengenketho ephumelelayo. Zombili izinhlangothi zeseli ye-HJT zingakhiqiza amandla njengoba inobuso obukabili, okuholela ekuphumeni okuphakeme okuphumelelayo. Umphakeli wezixazululo ze-photovoltaic usanda kuzuza ukusebenza kahle kweseli okuphula irekhodi okungama-26.3% kumaseli abo e-HJT, okubonisa amandla amakhulu ekusebenziseni amaseli anjalo. Amaphaneli we-HJT sebenza kahle kakhulu lapho ukukhanya kungabonakala ngemuva. Indlela ephumelelayo yokwenza lokhu iwukuzilungisa ezigxotsheni.

Umuntu angase futhi afise ukucabangela i-off-grid izinhlelo zamandla elanga ngezicelo zentengiso. Lezi zifanele izinkampani ezidinga amandla ashibhile ngezinga elikhulu. Iwusizo ikakhulukazi ekukhiqizeni amandla ezindaweni ezinokukhanya kwelanga okuningi.

Uma kuziwa ekuhlinzekeni amandla ngezinjongo zezimboni, amasistimu kagesi welanga agxilile angaba ukukhetha okungcono. Izinsiza ezifana neziteshi zikagesi zingadinga izinto ezinjengalezi wagxila amandla elanga dish stirlings.

Amandla elanga ayakala

Izingxenye eziningi zomhlaba zibonile izindleko zamaphrojekthi we-solar energy falling ngenxa yezinqubomgomo ezikhuthaza ukutshalwa kwezimali kumandla avuselelekayo. Ezinye izikhuthazo zokusetshenziswa kwamandla avuselelekayo ziza ngendlela yezinhlelo ezifana nezintela zokuphakela, ezivame kakhulu Europe futhi US.

Amandla elanga aba enye indlela esebenzayo yokuphehla ugesi kuzo zombili izindlu nasezisetshenziswa zentengiso. Imakethe yamandla elanga e-China, e-US, India, Japan, nase-Vietnam inamandla amakhulu njengoba ingabo amazwe ambalwa aphezulu okuholela ekukhiqizeni amandla elanga. Bheka kububanzi be amaphaneli elanga futhi izinhlelo zamandla elanga iyatholakala ku-Chovm.com.

amanothi:

1. I-PERC isifinyezo se-“Passivated Emitter and Rear Cell” noma “Pasivated Emitter and Rear Contact.”