Umhlahlandlela Wokugcina Wezinto Zokuphrinta ze-3D

Ubuchwepheshe bokuphrinta be-3D ingenye yezindlela ezithuthukile nezithandwa kakhulu embonini yokunyathelisa. Le ndlela iza nezinzuzo eziningi kakhulu ezihlanganisa ukuchithwa okuncishisiwe kwezinto zokusetshenziswa, izindleko ezincishisiwe, ukuphrinta ngokufunwa, kanye nekhono lokudala imiklamo eguquguqukayo. Ukuze uthole imiphumela engcono kakhulu, kunesidingo sokusebenzisa izinto ezifanele zokuphrinta kwe-3D. Uhlu lwezinto ezisetshenziswa ekuphrinteni kwe-3D lukhula lube lukhulu futhi udinga ukuqonda ngayinye yazo kahle ngaphambi kokunquma ukuthi iyiphi ozoyisebenzisa.

Lesi sihloko sizobheka izinhlobo ezahlukene zezinto ezisetshenziswa ekuphrinteni kwe-3D. Ukwengeza, izongena kusayizi wemakethe yokuphrinta ye-3D nokukhula.

Okuqukethwe
Usayizi wemakethe yokuphrinta ye-3D nokukhula
Izinto zokuphrinta ze-3D ezifanele
Isiphetho

Usayizi wemakethe yokuphrinta ye-3D nokukhula

Kube nokukhula okubalulekile emakethe yobuchwepheshe bokuphrinta be-3D ekhuthazwe ukwamukelwa kwayo ezimbonini ezahlukahlukene ngezinjongo zokulingisa. Okunye kwalokhu kusetshenziswa kwezimboni kubandakanya amarobhothi, izimboni ezihlakaniphile, nokufunda ngomshini. Ubuchwepheshe buye basetshenziswa embonini yezokunakekelwa kwempilo, yezimoto, kanye ne-aerospace, phakathi kokunye.

Ngokuvumelana ne Imininingwane ye-Fortune Business, imali engenayo yemakethe yokuphrinta ye-3D yomhlaba wonke yayilinganiselwa ku-USD 15.10 billion ngo-2021. Kuphinde kwabikezelwa ukuthi izokhula isuka ku-USD 18.33 billion ngo-2022 iye ku-USD 83.90 billion ngo-2029, ikhombisa izinga lokukhula elihlanganisiwe lonyaka lama-24.3%.

Isici esiyinhloko salokhu kukhula okuphawulekayo kwesidingo sokuphrinta kwe-3D ukutshalwa kwezimali okukhulu okwenziwe ohulumeni abahlukahlukene. Ukwengeza, imidondoshiya eminingi yezobuchwepheshe ifaka lobu buchwepheshe ezinqubweni zabo zokukhiqiza. Ukuncintisana phakathi kwamazwe afana ne-United States, Korea, China, ne-India ukuze kugcinwe inkimbinkimbi kwezokukhiqiza nakho kukhuthaze ukukhula kwemakethe.

Ngokwesifunda, imakethe yomhlaba wonke ihlukaniswe izingxenye ezinhlanu ezinkulu. Zihlanganisa iNingizimu Melika, iNyakatho Melika, iYurophu, i-Asia Pacific, kanye neMpumalanga Ephakathi ne-Afrika. INyakatho Melika ibhalise isabelo esikhulu kunazo zonke emakethe yamazwe ngamazwe kanti i-Europe iphume isibili. Lokhu kubangelwa ukukhuphuka kwezindleko zobuchwepheshe bokukhiqiza.

Izinto zokuphrinta ze-3D ezifanele

1. Ipulasitiki

plastic kuyinto esetshenziswa kabanzi impahla eluhlaza for 3D printing. Isetshenziswa ezintweni zasendlini namathoyizi. Eminye yemikhiqizo enale ndlela ihlanganisa amavasi, izitsha, nezibalo zesenzo. Ezinye zazo zitholakala ngemiklamo enemibala kuyilapho ezinye zisobala.

Ipulasitiki ibushelelezi, iyavumelana nezimo, futhi iqinile futhi inezinhlobonhlobo zezinketho zemibala. Abathengi bazophinda bathole le nto ilula, iyakhanga, futhi ithengeka kalula. Imikhiqizo eminingi yepulasitiki yenziwa amaphrinta e-FDM, lapho imicu ye-thermoplastic incibilika futhi ibunjwe ngendlela oyifunayo.

Kukhona izinto ezihlukahlukene zepulasitiki ezisetshenziselwa inqubo yokunyathelisa, kuhlanganise;

- I-Polylactic Acid (PLA): Inketho eco-friendly esetshenziswa ekuphrinteni kwe-3D. I-PLA itholakala emikhiqizweni yemvelo efana nesitashi sombila kanye nomoba; ngakho-ke iyakwazi ukubola. Itholakala ngezindlela eziqinile nezithambile. I-Hard PLA isetshenziselwa uhla olubanzi lwemikhiqizo.

- I-Polyvinyl Alcohol Plastic (PVA): Isetshenziswa kumaphrinta asendlini asezingeni eliphansi ukusekela izinto ezinezinhlobo ezingancibilika. Kuyinketho ebiza kancane esetshenziselwa izinto ezisetshenziswa okwesikhashana. Ngakho-ke, ayifaneleki imikhiqizo edinga amandla aphezulu.

- I-Acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS): Ibuye ibizwe ngepulasitiki ye-LEGO futhi ihlonishwa ngamandla nokuphepha kwayo. Izinto ezisetshenziswayo zinemicu efana ne-pasta ethuthukisa ukuguquguquka nokuqina. Isetshenziswa kakhulu kumaphrinta e-3D asekhaya ukunikeza imikhiqizo efana namathoyizi nezitikha. Ngenxa yokutholakala kwayo ngemibala ehlukahlukene, ibuye isetshenziswe ekwenzeni amavase nobucwebe.

- I-Polycarbonate (PC): Isetshenziswa kancane uma iqhathaniswa nezinye izinhlobo zamapulasitiki. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi isebenza kuphela namaphrinta e-3D anemiklamo ye-nozzle esebenza emazingeni okushisa aphezulu. I-PC isetshenziselwa ukwenza izinsimbi zepulasitiki ezishibhile namathreyi okubumba.

2. Insimbi

Metal ibalwa njengento yesibili esetshenziswa kakhulu ezintweni zokuphrinta ze-3D njengoba ikhiqiza uhla oluhlukahlukene lwezinto ezinamandla. Isetshenziswa ngenqubo ebizwa nge-direct metal laser sintering (DMLS). Amaphrinta e-DMLS akhiqiza imikhiqizo kumishini ye-aerospace, izingxenye zokwakha, nobucwebe.

Ngezansi ezinye zezinsimbi ezisebenza kuhlelo lwe-DMLS nemikhiqizo yazo elandelayo:

- I-Bronze - amavase nezinye izinto

- Insimbi engagqwali - izitsha nezinye izinto zokupheka

– Igolide – amacici, izindandatho, imigexo namasongo

– Aluminium – izinto zensimbi ezincanyana

-Nickel - zemali

- I-Titanium - izinto eziqinile neziqinile

3. I-carbon fiber

I-Carbon fiber iyinhlanganisela esetshenziswa ekuphrinteni kwe-3D njengejazi eliphezulu phezu kwezinto zepulasitiki ukuze ziqine. Ukuphrinta kwe-3D carbon fibre kungase kuthathe indawo yenqubo yokubeka kancane kancane kwe-carbon-fiber. Abathengi banenzuzo yokunciphisa inani lezinyathelo ezidingekayo ekuhlanganiseni idivayisi ye-electromechanical ngokwethula i-conductive carbomorph.

4. I-Graphene

I-Graphene ithole ukuduma ekukhetheni okusetshenziswe ekuphrinteni kwe-3D ngenxa ye-conductivity namandla ayo. Isetshenziswa kabanzi ukukhiqiza izingxenye zengxenye eguquguqukayo, ngokwesibonelo, izikrini zokuthinta, amaphaneli elanga, nezingxenye zokwakha. I-graphene ilula futhi inamandla, ngakho-ke iyimpahla efanelekile yokwenza uhla olubanzi lwemikhiqizo.

I-5. Iphepha

Izinto zephepha kubuchwepheshe bokuphrinta be-3D zithola ama-prototypes angokoqobo kunemifanekiso eyisicaba. Abathengi bangadlulisela ingqikithi yangempela yomklamo ngokunemba okukhulu nangemininingwane.

6. Izimpushana

powder izinto zokwakha zisetshenziswa ezinqubweni zokuphrinta ze-3D ezisezingeni eliphezulu kakhulu. Impushana incibilikiswa ngaphakathi kwephrinta futhi isatshalaliswa ngezendlalelo ukuze kuzuzwe izinga elifiselekayo lokuthungwa, ukujiya, namaphethini.

Imithombo evame kakhulu yezinto ze-powder ihlanganisa:

- I-Polyamide (Inayiloni): Iqinile futhi iguquguquka kakhulu, ngakho-ke ingasetshenziselwa amazinga aphezulu emininingwane emikhiqizweni ephrintiwe ye-3D. Ngokuvamile isetshenziselwa ukuhlanganisa izingcezu kanye nezingxenye ezihlangene. Inayiloni yenza yonke into kusuka kwizixhumi nezibambo kuya kumathoyizi nezibalo.

– I-Alumide: Yingxube ye-aluminium empunga, i-polyamide, nempushana ye-alumide. Inhlanganisela ikhiqiza amamodeli aqinile we-3D-okuphrintiwe kanye nemikhiqizo. Ingabonwa ngokubukeka kwayo okusanhlamvu nokunesihlabathi futhi ithembekile kuma-prototypes nezimboni zezimboni.

7. Izinsalela

Izinsimbi asetshenziswa kuphela ekuphrinteni kwe-3D. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi banikeza ukuguquguquka okulinganiselwe namandla. I-resin yenziwe nge-polymer ewuketshezi futhi ifinyelela ekugcineni kwayo ngokuchayeka ekukhanyeni kwe-UV. Itholakala ngemibala eyahlukene, okuhlanganisa omhlophe, omnyama, osawolintshi, oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, obomvu, oluhlaza okotshani, kanye ne-transparent.

Lokhu kwaziswa kuza ngezigaba ezintathu:

- I-resin enemininingwane ephezulu: Imvamisa isetshenziselwa amamodeli amancane adinga imininingwane eyinkimbinkimbi.

- I-resin esobala: Inesikhalazo sobuhle esisetshenziswa kumaphrinti we-3D abushelelezi.

- I-resin Ependekayo: Isigaba esiqine kakhulu se-resin futhi ifanele uhla olubanzi lwemikhiqizo ephrintiwe ye-3D. Izinto zinokwakheka okushelelayo futhi zisobala ngokubukeka.

8. I-Nitinol

Yenziwe ngenhlanganisela ye-nickel ne-titanium, i-nitinol isetshenziswa kakhulu ekufakweni kwezokwelapha ngenxa ye-super-elasticity. Le nto ingagotshwa ibe ngamadigri amaningi ngaphandle kokuphuka futhi ingabuyisela kalula isimo sayo sangempela. Ngenxa yalokho, i-nitinol ingenye yezinto eziqine kakhulu ezinezakhiwo ezivelele zokunwebeka.

Isiphetho

Abathengi manje sebengakwazi ukunquma ukuthungwa, ukuma, namandla emikhiqizo ephrintiwe ye-3D ngokuguquguquka okungakaze kubonwe. Ukuphrinta kwe-3D kufeza ikhwalithi efiswayo ekukhiqizeni ngezinyathelo ezilula nezimbalwa kunezinye izindlela zokukhiqiza. Umhlahlandlela ongenhla ubonisa abathengi izinto ezifanele ukusetshenziswa enqubweni yokuphrinta. Uma ubheke ukuthenga amaphrinta e-3D, chofoza lapha ukuze ufunde ukuthi yini okufanele uyibheke lapho ukhetha iphrinta ye-3D. Ukuzikhethela kuncike kakhulu emigomeni yokukhiqiza kanye nesabelomali esitholakalayo. Ukuthola izinto zokuphrinta ze-3D ezisebenza kahle kakhulu, vakashela Chovm.com.