Amathrendi aphezulu we-Network Technology ayi-6 Odinga Ukukwazi ngo-2023

Esikhaleni sedijithali esithuthuka ngokushesha, ubuchwepheshe benethiwekhi buvumela ukuxhumana okungenazihibe, buqhubekisela phambili ukukhula kwebhizinisi futhi buhlinzeke ngolwazi olungcono lwamakhasimende. 

Ubuchwepheshe benethiwekhi buthuthuke kakhulu eminyakeni edlule njengoba isidingo sabo sikhula kakhulu. Abanikazi bamabhizinisi bamukele ubuchwepheshe benethiwekhi emabhizinisini abo okwenze ukukhula kobuchwepheshe benethiwekhi. 

Ngokombiko Wezimakethe Nezimakethe, imakethe yezinsiza zenethiwekhi kulindeleke ukuthi ikhule isuka ku- $ 26.4 billion ngo-2022 iye ku-US $ 36.4 billion ekupheleni kuka-2027, ngesilinganiso sokukhula sonyaka esihlanganisiwe. (CAGR) ka-6.6% ngesikhathi sokubikezela. 

Njengoba abathengisi be-inthanethi beqhubeka nokwandisa imisebenzi yabo futhi belwela ukuthola inzuzo yokuncintisana, ukuhlala unolwazi ngobuchwepheshe bakamuva benethiwekhi kubalulekile. 

Lesi sihloko sihlola amathrendi aphezulu enethiwekhi ayisithupha okufanele unake ukuze uvule amathuba amasha, uthuthukise ukusebenza kahle, futhi ube nesevisi yamakhasimende engcono.

Okuqukethwe
Amathrendi aphezulu wenethiwekhi yezobuchwepheshe
Isiphetho

Amathrendi aphezulu wenethiwekhi yezobuchwepheshe 

Kunezitayela eziningi zobuchwepheshe benethiwekhi amabhizinisi aku-inthanethi angasebenzisa ukuze ayise amabhizinisi awo ezingeni elilandelayo. Obunye balobu buchwepheshe buhlanganisa: 

Inethiwekhi ye-5G 

I-5G, isizukulwane sesihlanu sobuchwepheshe obungenawaya, iyakwazi ukwenza izinguquko ekuxhumekeni ngokunikela ngesivinini esisheshayo, ukubambezeleka okuphansi, kanye nomthamo owandisiwe. Ukuthunyelwa kwe-5G kulindeleke ukuthi kuqhubeke kahle, ngentuthuko enkulu ekuhlanganiseni nengqalasizinda.

Ibhizinisi elinenethiwekhi ye-5G lizoba nokufakwa okungcono nokuthembeka okuthuthukisiwe. I-5G inika amandla abathengisi abaku-inthanethi ukuthi balethe ukuzizwisa okungcono kakhulu kokuthenga okubonakalayo, ukuthengiselana okushelelayo kweselula, nokuphathwa kwempahla yesikhathi sangempela. 

Lobu buchwepheshe bungaguqula izimboni ezahlukahlukene, ezifaka ezokunakekelwa kwempilo, ezokuthutha, ezokukhiqiza nezokuzijabulisa.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, abathengisi be-inthanethi bangasebenzisa i-5G ukuze basekele ubuchwepheshe obusafufusa njengama-drones okulethwa okuzimele. 

Amabhizinisi amancane aqondise imakethe yobuchwepheshe benethiwekhi ye-5G angahlola imikhiqizo eminingana ukuze asebenzise amanethiwekhi e-5G futhi ahlangabezane nezidingo eziguqukayo zamakhasimende awo. Eminye yale mikhiqizo ihlanganisa:

• Ama-smartphones e-5G:  Ngokwethulwa kwe-5G, Smartphones sebenamandla kakhulu. Njengomthengisi waku-inthanethi, bheka ama-smartphones ahambisana ne-G angu-5 anezici ezithuthukile ezifana namakhono e-AR, izibonisi ezinokulungiswa okuphezulu, amakhamera athuthukisiwe, namaphrosesa anamandla. Le mikhiqizo izokhulisa isisekelo samakhasimende akho njengoba abantu abaningi befuna ama-smartphones angcono nasheshayo. 

• Amadivayisi we-Broadband ye-5G yasekhaya: Lezi zihlinzeka ngoxhumano lwe-inthanethi olunesivinini esikhulu ezindlini nakumabhizinisi. Ungathengisa ama-routers namahabhu avumela abathengi ukuthi babe ne-inthanethi eshesha kakhulu ngaphandle kwesidingo soxhumano lwezintambo ngokwesiko. 

• Amadivayisi we-IoT: I-inthanethi Yezinto (IoT) kulindeleke ukuthi ikhule kakhulu ngokwamukelwa kwamanethiwekhi e-5G. Amadivayisi we-IoT afana nalawa ikhaya elihlakaniphile amasistimu wokuzenzakalela, okugqokekayo okuxhunyiwe, amadivayisi okuqapha impilo, nezinto zikagesi ezihlakaniphile zingasebenzisa izinzuzo zokubambezeleka okuphansi, uxhumano lwe-5G olunesivinini esikhulu. 

Ukuphepha kwe-inthanethi Yezinto (IoT). 

I-inthanethi Yezinto (IoT) ivele njengamandla okuguqula, axhuma inethiwekhi enkulu yamadivayisi, amasistimu, kanye nezinsizakalo. I-IoT imayelana nokuxhuma okungakaze kuxhunywe ngaphambilini. 

Ubuchwepheshe be-IoT buye benza izinguquko emikhakheni eyahlukene, kusukela ezindlini ezihlakaniphile kuya ezishintshayo zezimboni, kunikeza ukunethezeka okungakaze kubonwe ngaphambili, ukusebenza kahle, kanye nokukhiqiza.

I-IoT ibone ukukhula okumangalisayo, ngezigidigidi zamadivayisi axhumene asatshalaliswa kuzo zonke izimboni. Nokho, lokhu kwanda okusheshayo kuphakamisa ukukhathazeka mayelana nokuvikelwa kwedatha, ubumfihlo, nokuba sengozini kwezokuvikela.

Ngalobu bungozi, amabhizinisi aku-inthanethi kufanele agxile ekuthuthukiseni ukuphepha kwe-IoT ukuze avikele idatha, agcine ukwethenjwa kwamakhasimende, futhi agweme izinsongo ze-cyber.

Ubuchwepheshe obusafufusa nezindlela, njengokuqinisekisa okusekelwe ku-blockchain, ukutholwa okungaqondakali okuqhutshwa yi-AI, nokuhlola ubuqotho be-firmware, kuzoqinisa ukuphepha kwe-IoT. 

Amabhizinisi athengisa ku-inthanethi angabamba amathuba avezwa ukuphepha kwe-IoT ngokunikeza izinkundla zokuphepha ze-IoT, ukuhlolwa kokuphepha kwe-IoT namathuluzi okungena, izindonga zomlilo ze-IoT, kanye Amasango avikelekile e-IoT. 

I-Edge computing 

Ubuchwepheshe benethiwekhi yekhompyutha ye-Edge buthatha izinsiza zekhompuyutha eduze nendawo yokukhiqiza idatha, buvumela ukucutshungulwa okusheshayo nokuthembeka, futhi kunciphisa ukubambezeleka. 

Abathengisi abaku-inthanethi bangasebenzisa ikhompuyutha esemaphethelweni ukuze bathuthukise ukuzizwisa kwabathengi ngokunika amandla ukulandelela impahla ngesikhathi sangempela, izincomo eziqondene nawe, nokucubungula ama-oda okusheshayo.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukusebenzisa i-edge computing kwenza abathengisi bakwazi ukuhlaziya amanani amakhulu edatha endaweni, kunciphisa ukuncika kumasevisi wamafu futhi kusetshenziswe ngokugcwele umkhawulokudonsa. 

Ngokwamukela i-edge computing, abathengisi abaku-inthanethi bangathola umkhawulo wokuncintisana ngezikhathi zokuphendula ngokushesha, ukuhlaziya idatha yesikhathi sangempela, nokusebenza okuthuthukisiwe kokusebenza kahle. 

I-Artificial Intelligence (AI) ekuxhumekeni kwenethiwekhi 

Ubuhlakani bokwenziwa buguqula isimo senethiwekhi ngokuthuthukisa ukusebenza kwenethiwekhi, kuthuthukise ukuhlaziya okubikezelwayo, kanye nokuthola izinsongo ezingaba khona. 

I-AI Iqhaza ekuxhumekeni kwenethiwekhi liyakhula, livumela ukuphathwa kwenethiwekhi okuhlakaniphile kanye ne-automation. Ama-algorithms aqhutshwa yi-AI angathuthukisa izinsiza zenethiwekhi, abikezele amaphethini wethrafikhi, futhi akhombe izinsongo zokuphepha ezingaba khona.

Amathuluzi okuthuthukisa inethiwekhi enikwe amandla yi-AI azosiza abathengisi abaku-inthanethi baqinisekise ukusebenza kahle, banciphise isikhathi sokuphumula, futhi balethe ulwazi lomsebenzisi olungenazihibe. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izinhlelo zokuphepha eziqhutshwa yi-AI zizosiza ekuhlonzeni nasekunciphiseni izinsongo ze-cyber, zivikele idatha yamakhasimende ebucayi.

Kodwa-ke, njengoba ukwamukelwa kwe-AI ekuxhumekeni kwenethiwekhi kukhula, amabhizinisi kumele abheke izinselelo nokucatshangelwa kwezimiso zokuziphatha ukuze aqinisekise ukuqaliswa kwe-AI okunesibopho nokungachemi.

I-Artificial Intelligence inikeza amabhizinisi amathuba amaningi, amanye awo ahlanganisa: 

• Amasistimu okuphepha asekelwe ku-AI: I-AI ingathuthukisa kakhulu ukuphepha kwenethiwekhi ngokuhlonza nokunciphisa izinsongo ngesikhathi sangempela. Bheka imikhiqizo yezokuphepha yenethiwekhi esekwe ku-AI njenge amasistimu okubona nokuvinjelwa kokungena (IDPS), ama-firewall anamandla e-AI, izixazululo zokuthola izinsongo ezisekelwe ekuziphatheni, nezinhlelo zokuhlonza ngendlela engaqondakali.

• Amathuluzi okuthuthukisa inethiwekhi anikwe amandla yi-AI: I-AI ingathuthukisa ithrafikhi futhi ijwayele ukushintsha amaphethini wethrafikhi. Amabhizinisi amancane angathola amathuluzi okuthuthukisa inethiwekhi anikwe amandla yi-AI akwazi ukwaba umkhawulokudonsa ngobuhlakani, athuthukise izinqumo zomzila, futhi abeke phambili ithrafikhi yenethiwekhi ngokusekelwe ezidingweni zesikhathi sangempela. Lawa mathuluzi asiza ukuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kwenethiwekhi, ukunciphisa ukubambezeleka, futhi athuthukise ulwazi lomsebenzisi.

• Abasizi benethiwekhi ebonakalayo eqhutshwa yi-AI: Abasizi benethiwekhi ebonakalayo enikwe amandla yi-AI banganikeza ukuqapha kwenethiwekhi kwesikhathi sangempela, isiqondiso sokuxazulula inkinga, nezimpendulo ezizenzakalelayo ezindabeni ezivamile zenethiwekhi. Amabhizinisi angahlanganisa abasizi benethiwekhi ababonakalayo abanikeza ukuxhumana kwengxoxo ukusiza abalawuli benethiwekhi ekuphatheni nasekuxazululeni izinkinga zenethiwekhi. 

Ukuxhumana okuchazwe ngesoftware (SDN)

I-Software-defined networking (SDN) iyindlela yokuguqula ehlukanisa ukulawulwa kwenethiwekhi ku-hardware, evumela ukuphathwa nokulawula okumaphakathi nge-software. 

I-SDN idlondlobala ngenxa yezinzuzo zayo ngaphezu kwezindlela zokuxhumana ezivamile. Nge-SDN, amabhizinisi angafinyelela ukukala okukhulu, ukushesha, kanye nokusebenza kahle kwezindleko ekuphatheni ingqalasizinda yenethiwekhi.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngokuguquguquka nokubamba kwe-SDN, abathengisi abaku-inthanethi bangakwazi ukwaba izinsiza, balungise ukulungiselelwa kwenethiwekhi, futhi bakale ingqalasizinda njengoba kudingeka. 

Kodwa-ke, ngaphambi kokwenza i-SDN, amabhizinisi kufanele acabangele izinselele ezingaba khona, njengokuqinisekisa ukuhambisana, ukuphepha kanye nokuphatha ukucushwa kwenethiwekhi okuyinkimbinkimbi.  

I-SDN ivumela ukubonwa kwenethiwekhi, okuvumela amabhizinisi ukuthi akhe amanethiwekhi amaningi abonakalayo kungqalasizinda ebonakalayo eyabiwe. Amabhizinisi amancane anganikeza izinsiza zenethiwekhi, asize izinhlangano ukuthi zakhe, zilawule futhi zivikele amanethiwekhi abonakalayo. 

Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-Network function virtualization (NFV), esondelene kakhulu ne-SDN, ibandakanya ukwenza imisebenzi yenethiwekhi ngokwesiko eyenziwa ngamadivaysi ehardware azinikele. 

Amabhizinisi athengisayo angathuthukisa izixazululo ze-NFV eziphakamisa i-SDN ukuze enze imisebenzi efana nezindonga zomlilo, amarutha, nezilinganisi zokulayisha. Lokhu kwenza amabhizinisi ehlise izindleko zehadiwe, athuthukise ukukala, futhi akhiphe izinsiza zenethiwekhi ngendlela evumelana nezimo. 

I-Wi-Fi 6

I-Wi-Fi 6, eyaziwa nangokuthi i-802.11ax, isizukulwane esisha se-Wi-Fi. Ixhuma ku-inthanethi ngobuchwepheshe obengeziwe obuyenza isebenze kahle futhi isheshise ukuxhumana. I-Wi-Fi 6 inesivinini esiphezulu esingu-9.6 Gbps, kuyilapho i-Wi-Fi 5 inobukhulu obungu-3.5 Gbps. 

I-Wi-Fi 6 iyashesha ngoba ixhumana kangcono namanye amadivayisi futhi ibeka phambili ithrafikhi kuwo wonke amadivayisi. Enye yezindlela i-Wi-Fi 6 efinyelela ngayo isivinini esikhulu ngokusebenzisa i-Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access (OFDMA). Isebenza ngokuhlukanisa iziteshi zibe abathwali abancane futhi ivumele ukudluliswa kumadivayisi amaningi wokugcina ngesikhathi esisodwa. 

Ngaphezu kwalokho, I-Overlapping Basic Service Sets (OBSS) isiza ukuthuthukisa ukuminyana kwenethiwekhi. Ngezinguqulo ze-Wi-Fi ezindala, amadivayisi kufanele alalele noma yimuphi umsindo wenethiwekhi ngaphambi kokuxhuma. Uma kunomsindo, bebelinda kuze kucace inethiwekhi ukuze bagweme ukuphazamiseka. 

Nokho, i-OBSS inika amandla indawo yokufinyelela ukuthi isebenzise umbala ukuhlonza inethiwekhi ngokuhlukile. Ake sithi kukhona ithrafikhi esiteshini kodwa hhayi umbala ofanayo nowenethiwekhi yendawo. Uma kunjalo, idivayisi ingakwazi ukuyiziba futhi iqhubeke nokudlulisa, okusiza ukwandisa ukuthembeka nokuthuthukisa ukubambezeleka.

Abathengisi abaku-inthanethi abaqondise amakhasimende anentshisekelo kubuchwepheshe benethiwekhi ye-Wi-Fi 6 bangacabangela ukuthola imikhiqizo embalwa edumile nethembisayo efana: 

• Ama-routers we-Wi-Fi 6: Lezi ama-routers zenzelwe ukuletha ukuxhumana okungenantambo okusheshayo nokuthembekile. Bheka amarutha asekela izici ezithuthukisiwe njenge-MU-MIMO (Abasebenzisi Abaningi, Okokufaka Okuningi, Okuphumayo Okuningi), i-OFDMA, kanye nokwenza kahle. Kufanele futhi babe namachweba we-gigabit Ethernet futhi basekele ukuxhumana okuningi ngasikhathi sinye.

• Izandiso zebanga le-Wi-Fi 6: lokhu kusiza ukunweba ububanzi besiginali ye-Wi-Fi futhi kuqede izindawo ezifile ezindlini ezinkulu noma emahhovisi. Funa i izandiso zobubanzi iyahambisana namarutha e-Wi-Fi 6 kanye nokusebenza kwenethiwekhi ye-mesh. Kufanele banikeze ukuxhumana okungenamthungo kuzo zonke izindawo zokufinyelela eziningi.

• Ama-adaptha e-Wi-Fi 6: Ama-adaptha e-Wi-Fi 6 anika amandla amadivayisi angenawo amandla e-Wi-Fi 6 eyakhelwe ngaphakathi ukuthi axhume kumanethiwekhi e-Wi-Fi 6. Lezi ama-adaptha kungaba ama-dongle e-USB noma amakhadi e-PCIe ongawaxhuma kumakhompyutha aphathekayo, amadeskithophu, amakhonsoli amageyimu, noma amanye amadivaysi. Bheka ama-adaptha asekela amazinga akamuva e-Wi-Fi 6 futhi anikeze ukusebenza okuthembekile.

Isiphetho 

Ubuchwepheshe benethiwekhi bubalulekile ekunikeni amandla ukuxhumana okungenazihibe, ukushayela ukukhula kwebhizinisi, kanye nokuhlinzeka ngolwazi olungcono lwamakhasimende. 

Kunezitayela ezimbalwa zobuchwepheshe benethiwekhi abathengisi abaku-inthanethi abangazisebenzisa ukukhulisa ibhizinisi labo. Amanethiwekhi e-5G avumela ukuxhumana okusheshayo, i-IoT inika amandla ukuxhumeka kwamadivayisi angakaze axhunywe ngaphambili, i-Edge computing ivumela ukuhlaziya nokucubungula idatha ngokushesha, futhi i-AI isiza ekutholeni usongo kanye nokwenza kahle kokusebenza kwenethiwekhi.
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