Amathiphu aphezulu okufanele uwacabangele lapho uthenga ishaja ye-EV efanele

Amashaja kagesi izodlala indima ebalulekile ohambweni oluya emphakathini osebenzisa ezokuthutha eziluhlaza, ikakhulukazi izimoto zikagesi, esiza ukuletha amandla angabizi kakhulu kumabhethri e-EV ngokushesha nakalula. Kodwa ngoxhaxha lwabakhiqizi beshaja ye-EV asebevele sebemakethe, ukukhetha uhlobo olufanele lwezidingo zomthengi othile kungaba luqili. Ngakho-ke, abathengisi kufanele balinganise izinto ezimbalwa ezibalulekile ukuze benze isinqumo sokuthenga benolwazi. 

Lapha sizohlinzeka ngemininingwane ebalulekile yokuthi yini ngempela okufanele uyicabangele lapho uthenga ishaja ye-EV efanele, kanye nesifingqo semakethe yeshaja ye-EV.

Okuqukethwe
Izinzuzo zamashaja e-EV
Isabelo semakethe seziteshi zokushaja ze-EV
Izinhlobo zamashaja e-EV
Amathiphu aphezulu okufanele uwacabangele lapho uthenga ishaja ye-EV efanele
Isifinyezo

Izinzuzo zamashaja e-EV

• Umthelela wemvelo - Amashaja e-EV adlala indima ebalulekile ekwehliseni umthelela wezokuthutha endaweni ezungezile. Izimoto zikagesi zikhiqiza ukukhishwa kwegesi ebamba ukushisa okuncane uma kuqhathaniswa nezimoto zendabuko, ikakhulukazi uma zishajwa ngogesi ovela emithonjeni evuselelekayo. Lokhu kwehliswa kokukhishwa kwegesi kunomthelela ekulweni nokushintsha kwesimo sezulu kanye nokwenza ngcono izinga lomoya lilonke, kugqugquzelwe uhlelo lwezokuthutha oluhlanzekile noluzinzile.

• Ukonga izindleko - Ukusetshenziswa kwamashaja e-EV kunikeza izinzuzo ezibalulekile zezindleko kubanikazi bezimoto abangabodwana kanye namabhizinisi. Ukushaja imoto kagesi ngokuvamile kubiza kakhulu kunokushisa imoto evamile esebenzisa igesi, okuholela ekongeni okungaba khona isikhathi eside. Ukwengeza, ubulula obuqhathaniswayo bemiklamo yezimoto zikagesi buhumusheka ekwehliseni izindleko zokulungisa ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, okuphinde kube nomthelela ezinzuzweni zezomnotho zabanikazi be-EV.

• Ukunethezeka nokufinyeleleka - Ukuthunyelwa kwamashaja e-EV kuthuthukisa ukunethezeka nokufinyeleleka kwezimoto zikagesi. Ngekhono lokushaja ekhaya kusetshenziswa amashaja okuhlala, abanikazi be-EV bathola ukunethezeka okwengeziwe ngokususa isidingo sokuvakasha njalo eziteshini zikaphethiloli. Inethiwekhi ekhulayo yeziteshi zokushaja zomphakathi iqinisekisa futhi ukuthi abasebenzisi bezimoto zikagesi banezinketho ezikahle zokushajwa kabusha ngenkathi besohambeni.

• Izibonelelo zikahulumeni - Ohulumeni emhlabeni wonke banikeza izikhuthazo ezihlukahlukene zokukhuthaza ukwamukelwa kwezimoto zikagesi kanye nokufakwa kwamashaja e-EV. Lezi zinzuzo zingabandakanya izinzuzo zezezimali, amakhredithi entela, noma izaphulelo zokuthenga izimoto ezisebenza ngogesi nengqalasizinda esekelayo. 

• Ukuthuthuka kwezobuchwepheshe - Ukuziphendukela kwemvelo okuqhubekayo kwe Ukushaja i-EV ubuchwepheshe bunomthelela ekuthandeni nasekusebenzeni kahle kwezimoto zikagesi. Ukuqamba okusha okuqhubekayo, okufana namakhono okushaja okusheshayo nezinketho zokushaja okungenantambo, kuthuthukisa umuzwa wokushaja usuwonke. Ukuthuthuka kwezobuchwepheshe kumashaja e-EV kusiza ukushaja okusheshayo nokulula.

Isabelo semakethe seziteshi zokushaja ze-EV

Ngokuvumelana ne Imibiko yemakethe, imakethe yeziteshi zokushaja ze-EV yomhlaba wonke ibibiza ama-dollar ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane eziyi-11.9 ngo-2022 futhi kulindeleke ukuthi ikhuphuke iye ku-USD 76.9 billion ngo-2027 ku-CAGR ebalulekile yama-45%. Izinto eziholela esidingweni esikhulu ukukhula kokusetshenziswa kwezimoto zikagesi, ukugqugquzelwa kwezinqubomgomo zokusimama ngohulumeni, kanye nokwanda kokuqonda komphakathi ngezinkinga zemvelo. Isidingo somhlaba wonke se Amashaja e-EV kwenyukile njengoba umhlaba uzama ukufinyelela imigomo eqinile yokunciphisa ukungcoliswa kwesisi esingcolisa umoya ngezwe ngalinye.

Izifunda eziyinhloko zalokhu kukhula yiNyakatho Melika, i-Europe, i-Middle East, ne-Asia Pacific, lapho ukutshalwa kwezimali okusebenzayo kwingqalasizinda ye-EV kanye nomthetho oqhubekayo kusho ukuthi kwakhiwa ingqalasizinda yeziteshi zokushaja. 

Izinhlobo zamashaja e-EV

1. Amashaja ezinga lesi-1

Amashaja ezinga lesi-1 amashaja e-EV alula futhi atholakala kakhulu emakethe. Lawa mashaja avame ukudinga isokhethi evamile yodonga engaba ngu-120 volts. Amashaja eleveli 1 nawo ayathengeka, kusukela ngentengo ephakathi kuka-USD 200-600. Izimoto zikagesi ezidumile ezihambisana nokushajwa kweleveli 1 zifaka iNissan Leaf, Chevrolet Bolt, neTesla Model 3 nge-adaptha. 

Zithatha cishe amahora ayisishiyagalombili kuya kwayi-12 ukushaja imoto ngokugcwele futhi zilungele ukushajwa ebusuku. Amashaja eLeveli 1 alula futhi ayaphatheka kakhulu, avumela ukusetshenziswa kwasekhaya kanye nasesidlangalaleni ngesokhethi evamile enwetshiwe.

buhle

• Amashaja akuleveli 1 angaxhunywa ezindlini ezijwayelekile zasendlini (ama-volts angu-120), okuwenza afinyeleleke kabanzi futhi afanelekele ukusetshenziswa ekhaya.
• Zonga kakhulu ukuzifaka futhi zivame ukuza nezimoto zikagesi, ezidinga ingqalasizinda eyengeziwe
• Amashaja eleveli 1 awadingi izintambo ezikhethekile, okuwenza kube lula ukusethwa ezindaweni eziningi zokuhlala.
• Lawa mashaja anele ukushaja ubusuku bonke, ahlinzeka ngokushaja okuphelele ezimotweni eziningi zikagesi phakathi nezikhathi ezinwetshiwe zokungasebenzi.

bawo

• Amashaja eLeveli 1 anesivinini sokushaja esihamba kancane uma kuqhathaniswa namashaja ezinga eliphezulu
• Akwanele kubasebenzisi abanohambo olude lwansuku zonke noma labo abadinga ukushajwa kabusha
• Amashaja eleveli 1 awazilungele kahle izindawo zomphakathi lapho izikhathi zokushintsha ngokushesha zibalulekile, zikhawulela ukusebenza kwazo ezilungiselelweni zentengiso noma zokushaja zomphakathi.

2. Amashaja ezinga lesi-2

Amashaja ezinga lesi-2 ibe ne-voltage elinganiselwe engu-240V, enikeza ukushaja okusheshayo. Lawa mashaja athatha amahora aphakathi kwamane kuya kwayisishiyagalombili ukushaja, futhi nakuba engasebenzi njengamashaja eleveli 1, kulula ukuwafaka ekhaya, emsebenzini, noma ezindaweni ezihlukahlukene zomphakathi. Lawa mashaja asebenza emhlabeni wonke futhi angasetshenziswa nezinhlobo zezimoto zikagesi njengeBMW i3, Ford Mustang Mach-E, neTesla Model S neX. 

buhle

• Amashaja aleveli 2 anikeza izikhathi zokushaja ezisheshayo uma kuqhathaniswa namashaja eleveli 1, okuwenza afaneleke kakhulu kubasebenzisi abanamamayela aphakeme ansuku zonke.
• Zingafakwa ekhaya noma ezindaweni zomphakathi, zinikeze ibhalansi enhle phakathi kwejubane lokushaja nokulula
• Amashaja e-Level 2 ahambisana nezinhlobonhlobo zezimoto zikagesi, ahlinzeka ngesixazululo sokushaja esiguquguqukayo sezinto ezihlukene kanye namamodeli.

bawo

• Ukufakwa kwamashaja eleveli 2 kungase kudinge isekethe enikelwe futhi, kwezinye izimo, umsebenzi kagesi ochwepheshe, okwengeza kubo bonke ubunzima bokufaka.
• Nakuba eshesha kakhulu kunamashaja eleveli 1, amashaja eleveli 2 awakasheshi njengamashaja eleveli 3, okukhawulela ukufaneleka kwawo kubasebenzisi abadinga ukushajwa okusheshayo.

3. Amashaja ezinga lesi-3

Amashaja ezinga lesi-3, ebizwa nangokuthi amashaja asheshayo amanje (DC), ayashesha kakhulu kunamashaja eleveli 1 kanye no-2, okuwenza alungele ukushaja ama-EV uma usohambeni. Lawa mashaja noma yikuphi phakathi kuka-USD 5,000-50,000. Izimoto ezifana ne-Nissan Leaf Plus, i-Chevrolet Bolt, ne-Tesla Model 3 (ezinye izinguqulo kuphela) zihambisana namashaja e-level 3. 

Isivinini sokushaja esithuthukisiwe sikaLeveli 3 sisho ukuthi kuthatha imizuzu engu-30 kuphela ukuya ehoreni ukushaja okungu-80%, okuwenza abe yinketho ephezulu yokushaja uma uhamba uhambe. Lokhu kusho nokuthi aziphatheki kancane, futhi ukufakwa kuvame ukuphelela eziteshini zokushaja zemigwaqo emikhulu nezentengiso.

buhle

• Amashaja eLeveli 3 ahlinzeka ngesivinini sokushaja esisheshayo phakathi kwamaleveli amathathu, enikeza inani elibalulekile lenkokhelo ngesikhathi esifushane.
• Iziteshi zokushaja eziLeveli 3 ziya ngokuya zibanda kakhulu, ikakhulukazi emigwaqweni emikhulu nasemadolobheni, zinikeza ukufinyeleleka okungcono kwabasebenzisi ekuhambeni.
• Amashaja asheshayo e-DC aletha amandla aphezulu, okuwenza alungele abasebenzisi abasheshayo noma labo abadinga ukushajwa ngokushesha phakathi nohambo lomgwaqo.

bawo

• Ukufaka amashaja eleveli 3 kubiza kakhulu kunamashaja eleveli 1 noma ileveli 2
• Ingqalasizinda edingekayo ukusekela amashaja ezinga lesi-3 iyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu, idinga izingxenye ezithile nokucatshangelwa, okuholela ezindlekweni zokulungisa eziphakeme.
• Akuzona zonke izimoto zikagesi ezihlonyiselwe ukuphatha ukushaja kweleveli 3, okukhawulela ukufinyeleleka kwalawa mashaja kwabanye abasebenzisi be-EV.

Amathiphu aphezulu okufanele uwacabangele lapho uthenga ishaja ye-EV efanele

I-1. Thayipha

Ukunquma ukuthi iyiphi imodi yokushaja ehambisana nezidingo zomsebenzisi nokuthi ihlobana kanjani nezidingo zemoto kagesi kusho ukuthi kufanele uqale uhlole okuhlukahlukene. Ishaja ye-EV izinhlobo ngokwesibonelo: 

• Amashaja eleveli 1 izinga eliyisisekelo kakhulu leshaja elitholakalayo futhi elilungele ukusetshenziswa ekhaya 
• Amashaja eleveli 2 enesivinini esiphezulu afanele ukusetshenziswa okuyimfihlo nokusesidlangalaleni 
• Amashaja eLeveli 3 aklanyelwe ukushaja ngesivinini esikhulu ngenkathi ehamba amabanga amade 

2. Ijubane

Lapho ukhetha i Ishaja ye-EV, gxila emikhubeni yokushayela yansuku zonke kanye nesivinini sokushaja esidingekayo sabathengi. Bese ukhumbula:

• Amashaja eleveli 1 anikezela ngobubanzi bamamayela angu-2-5 ngehora 
• Amashaja eleveli 2 angangeza phakathi kwamamayela angu-10-60 ngehora 
• Amashaja eLeveli 3 angangeza ngokushesha amamayela angu-180 noma ngaphezulu emizuzwini engama-30 

I-3. Intengo

Intengo ye Amashaja e-EV kuyehluka kuye ngohlobo. 

Amashaja eleveli 1, anenani eliphakathi kuka-USD 200-600, agqama njengenketho evumelana nesabelomali. Ilungele ukusetshenziswa kwasekhaya kanye nezidingo zokushaja zansuku zonke, amashaja eleveli 1 afanele abantu abafuna isixazululo esingabizi kakhulu ngaphandle kwesidingo samandla wokushaja ngokushesha. Ukukwazi ukukhokhela la mashaja ngokuyinhloko kudalwe umthamo wawo ophansi wokushaja kanye nesivinini sokushaja esivamile, okuwenza afanelekele abasebenzisi abanezidingo zokushaja ezinesizotha.

Amashaja eLeveli 2 afika anenani elingu-USD 400-1,200. Le nketho yebanga eliphakathi ifaneleka kahle kubasebenzisi abadinga isivinini sokushaja esisheshayo, okubenza bafanelekele ukufakwa kwasekhaya nezinye iziteshi zokushaja zomphakathi. Izindleko ezikhuphukile uma ziqhathaniswa namashaja ezinga loku-1 zibangelwa ukusebenza kahle kwawo okuthuthukisiwe, okuwenza abe ukukhetha okungokoqobo kulabo ababeka ukushaja okushesha kuqala ngaphandle kokungena esigabeni senani eliphezulu.

Kulabo abanezidingo ezibanzi zokushaja, okuhlanganisa isidingo sokushaja okusheshayo, amashaja eleveli 3, anenani eliphakathi kuka-USD 5,000-50,000, cishe ayisixazululo esingcono kakhulu. Lawa mashaja enzelwe iziteshi zokushaja zomphakathi, ukusetshenziswa kwezentengiso, noma izinhlelo zokusebenza zemikhumbi, okuhlinzeka ngesivinini sokushaja esisheshayo. Izindleko zabo eziphakeme ziyinkomba yobuchwepheshe obuthuthukisiwe, ukwakhiwa okuqinile, kanye nekhono lokuletha ukushaja okusheshayo, okubenza bafanelekele amabhizinisi, omasipala, nezindawo ezinabantu abaningi. 

4. Ukuthwala

Kufanele futhi ugcine ukuphatheka engqondweni:

• Amashaja eLeveli 1 aphatheka kalula futhi angasetshenziswa ezindaweni ezijwayelekile zasendlini 
• Amashaja eleveli 2 aphatheka ngokulingene futhi angabonwa ekhaya, emsebenzini, noma ngisho nasendaweni yomphakathi enamaphoyinti okushaja eleveli 2 
• Amashaja eLeveli 3 awaphatheki, ngenxa yezidingo zawo zamandla aphezulu. Lezi Amashaja e-EV ngokuvamile zifakwa ezindaweni ezigxilile naseziteshini zokushaja. 

5. Ukusebenza kahle kwamandla

Modern Amashaja e-EV babe namakhono ahlakaniphile futhi bazokhokhisa lapho izindleko zikagesi zehla. Ukusebenzisa amashaja awonga amandla akubizi nje kuphela kodwa futhi kuqinisa izinjongo zokusimama, eziyingxenye yemvelo evumelana nemvelo yezimoto zikagesi. 

Amashaja eLeveli 1 asebenzisa umthombo wamandla we-120-volt AC ojwayelekile, okuwenza abe yinketho eyisisekelo kubanikazi bezimoto zikagesi. Nakuba zilungele ukusetshenziswa endaweni yokuhlala nezitolo ezijwayelekile zasendlini, la mashaja aziwa ngokusebenza kahle kwawo okuphansi kwamandla, okuholela ezikhathini zokushaja ezihamba kancane uma kuqhathaniswa nezinketho zeleveli ephezulu.

Amashaja eleveli 2 asebenza ngomthombo wamandla we-240-volt AC onamandla kakhulu, athuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kwamandla futhi anciphise izikhathi zokushaja uma kuqhathaniswa namashaja eleveli 1. 

Amashaja eLeveli 3, noma amashaja asheshayo e-DC, aklanyelwe ukushajwa ngokushesha kusetshenziswa i-direct current (DC). Lawa mashaja abeka phambili ukushaja okusheshayo, okuwenza abe yinketho ephumelelayo kubasebenzisi egxile ekunciphiseni izikhathi zokushaja phakathi nohambo olude.

Isifinyezo

Ukukhetha ishaja ye-EV efanele kuyisihluthulelo kumabhizinisi ahlinzeka abathengi bawo ngalokho abakudingayo kanye nokwenza ubunikazi bemoto kagesi bujabulise futhi bube lula. Izinto ezifana nohlobo lweshaja, isivinini, intengo, idivayisi ephathekayo, isilondolozi samandla, nokusebenziseka kufanele kucatshangelwe ngokujulile. 

Njengoba ingqalasizinda yokushaja izimoto zikagesi ivela nsuku zonke, kufanele uhlale unolwazi lwakamuva mayelana nokuqanjwa kwezobuchwepheshe kanye nezimakethe zamanje. Akunandaba nezidingo zakho, uzoqiniseka ukuthi ukutholela ishaja ye-EV efanele Chovm.com.