Izinhlobo ze-CNC Machine Control Systems

Ngosizo lwezinhlelo zokulawula umshini we-CNC, ukukhiqiza kanye nekhwalithi yomsebenzi wale mishini kuye kwanda kakhulu. Ngakho-ke, amabhizinisi angakavuseleli imishini yawo ekuhlanganisweni kwe-CNC, sekuyisikhathi sokuthi enze kanjalo.

Kulesi sihloko, sizobe sibheka futhi siqonde izinhlobo ezahlukene zezinhlelo zokulawula umshini we-CNC laphaya emakethe. Ake siqale ngaso leso sikhathi.

Okuqukethwe
Yiziphi izinhlelo zokulawula i-CNC?
Izinhlobo zezinhlelo zokulawula ze-CNC
cuntisiphetho

Yiziphi izinhlelo zokulawula i-CNC?

Uhlelo lwe-CNC (Computer Numerical Control) wuhlobo lobuchwepheshe olusiza ukufaka ulwazi emshinini wokukhiqiza ukuze lwazise ngalokho okumele lukwenze. Kuyindlela yokwenza le mishini yokukhiqiza ibe ngokuzenzakalela ngamakhompiyutha ashumekiwe esoftware anamathiselwe kuwo.

Ngakho-ke, ngomkhiqizo ngamunye owenziwa umshini, opharetha kudingeka bawufakele uhlelo lwangokwezifiso. Ulimi olusetshenziswa kulokhu ulimi lwamazwe ngamazwe olujwayelekile olubizwa nge-G-code. Uhlelo luvumela umshini ukwazi idatha ethile mayelana nokuthi umkhiqizo kufanele ube kanjani. Ngedatha, umshini ungenza ngqo lokho amabhizinisi akufunayo.

Izinhlobo zezinhlelo zokulawula ze-CNC

Manje njengoba sesiqonda ukuthi yiziphi izinhlelo zokulawula i-CNC, manje sizoqhubeka nokuqonda izinhlobo ezahlukene zezinhlelo zokulawula ze-CNC laphaya.

Ngokuvamile, amasistimu okulawula e-CNC angahlukaniswa ngokusekelwe kulezi zici ezilandelayo:

• Inani lezimbazo
• Uhlobo lokunyakaza
• Lawula iluphu

Ake sinabe ngalokhu ngokuqhubekayo.

Inani lezimbazo

Wonke umshini wokukhiqiza unezimbazo amathuluzi ezihamba ngawo phezu kwento edingekayo ukuze anikeze umphumela oyifunayo, noma ngabe ukugoba, ukugunda, ukusika, noma ukucindezela. Amasistimu okulawula e-CNC angasuselwa enanini lezimbazo umshini onalo. Kungaba nenombolo elandelayo yezimbazo:

• Izimbazo ezimbili

Kulezi zinhlobo zezinhlelo zokulawula ze-CNC, uthola ama-eksisi amabili kuphela—i-X-eksisi ne-Z-eksisi.

• Izimbazo ezimbili nengxenye

Kulolu hlobo, uthola ama-eksisi amathathu - i-X-eksisi, i-Y-eksisi, ne-eksisi yesithathu. Nokho, nakuba kungase kube uhlelo lwezimbazo ezintathu, izimbazo azihambi ngendlela ye-3D. Yingakho igama—izimbazo ezingu-2.5.

• Izimbazo ezintathu

Ngokufana nezimbazo ezingu-2.5, lolu hlobo lunezimbazo ezintathu — X, Y, kanye no-Z, lapho u-Z esiza ukunyakaza ngendlela ye-3D. Lezi zinhlobo ze Imishini yokulawula ye-CNC ziwuhlobo oludume kakhulu. Ubude bombhede bemishini enezinhlelo ezinjalo bubaluleke kakhulu njengoba bulingana ngokuqondile nokwenyuka kwezindleko.

• Izimbazo ezine

Lolu hlobo lwesistimu lunezimbazo ezine - X, Y, Z, kanye nokuzungezisa okwengeziwe ku-axis engu-B. Ngakho-ke, uhlelo lwama-axes angu-4 lumane luwuhlelo lwezimbazo ezingu-3 olune-axis ye-B eyengeziwe, evumela ukuthi izimbazo zinyakaze ziqonde futhi zivundlile.

• Izimbazo ezinhlanu

Okufanayo kusebenza kulolu hlobo njengoba uhlelo lwe-axis engu-5 alulutho ngaphandle kwesistimu ye-axis engu-3 enomjikelezo owengeziwe ku-Z no-Y. Lawa ma-eksisi engeziwe abizwa ngokuthi i-A-eksisi ne-B-eksisi, ngokulandelana.

Uhlobo lokunyakaza

Ukuhlukaniswa okulandelayo kwezinhlelo zokulawula ze-CNC kusekelwe ohlotsheni lwazo lokunyakaza. Ake sibheke.

• Isistimu yokukhomba-kuya-iphuzu

Kulolu hlobo lomshini, amathuluzi amile, njengoba ebekwe endaweni ukuze aqedele umsebenzi wawo. Uma umsebenzi usuqediwe, bayahoxa. Izinto ezisetshenziswayo zibe seziyiswa endaweni elandelayo ukuze amathuluzi aphinde asebenze.

• Isistimu ye-Contouring

Ngakolunye uhlangothi amasistimu ekhontayutha anethuluzi elinyakazayo futhi 'lijikijela' kokubalulekile ukudala imininingwane efiselekayo noma idizayini. Lapha, impahla ibekwe inganyakazi futhi ithuluzi lenza umsebenzi wokuhambisa yonke into.

Lawula iluphu

Amasistimu okulawula e-CNC nawo angahlukaniswa ngokusekelwe ku-loop yokulawula. Nazi izinhlobo ezahlukene zezinhlelo zokulawula ze-CNC ngaphansi kwalesi sigaba:

• I-loop evulekile

Kulezi zinhlobo zezinhlelo, isilawuli sinesibopho sokuguqula ulwazi lusuka kokokufakayo futhi luludlulisele kuma-amplifiers e-servo. Ngoba abukho ububanzi bempendulo lapha, kungase kube nokunemba.

• Iluphu evaliwe

Njengoba igama liphakamisa, kulolu hlelo i-CNC isilawuli sithola impendulo kusuka emshinini ngokuphathelene nenqubo nokokufaka okuhleliwe ngenxa yeluphu yayo evaliwe. Lapha, amasistimu e-CNC asebenza ku-servomechanism enomgomo we-loop evaliwe.

Impendulo ifundwa ngohlelo lwedijithali noma lwe-analog. Lawa amasistimu amahle kakhulu njengoba enekhono lokufunda ngokunembile izimo zokusebenza, anikeze impendulo enembile, futhi enze izinguquko ezidingekayo.

Isiphetho

Yilokho kuphela okumele ukwazi mayelana nezinhlelo zokulawula ze-CNC nezinhlobo zazo ezihlukene. Ukwazi ukuthi imishini ehlukene isebenza kanjani kanye nezinjongo zayo kusiza amabhizinisi enze izinqumo ezifanele uma kuziwa ekutshaleni imali ezindlekweni ezifanele zawo.