Ukuqonda I-Perpetual Inventory System

Isistimu ye-inventory engapheli iyindlela yokuphathwa kwempahla ehlinzeka ngezibuyekezo eziqhubekayo, zesikhathi sangempela kumazinga we-inventory njengoba ukuthengiselana kwenzeka. Ngokungafani nesistimu ye-inventory yezikhathi ezithile, ebuyekeza amarekhodi e-inventory ngezikhathi ezithile kuphela, isistimu ye-inventory engapheli ivumela amabhizinisi ukulandelela i-inventory ngokushesha, njengoba izimpahla zithengiswa noma zithengwa. Le ndlela yesikhathi sangempela isiza amabhizinisi ukuthi alawule uhlu lwezimpahla ngempumelelo kakhudlwana, ehlise ukungafani, futhi enze izinqumo ezinolwazi ngokusekelwe kudatha enembile.

Isebenzisa ubuchwepheshe obufana nezikena zebhakhodi, izinhlelo zokudayisa (i-POS), kanye nesofthiwe yokuphathwa kwempahla, isistimu ye-inventory eqhubekayo yenza lula ukugcinwa kwamarekhodi futhi inikeze ulwazi lwakamuva lwamazinga esitoko, amanani entengo, namanye amamethrikhi abalulekile. Lolu hlelo seluyinto ebaluleke kakhulu emabhizinisini abo bonke osayizi, ikakhulukazi ezimbonini ezinenzuzo ephezulu yezimpahla kanye namaketango ayinkimbinkimbi.

Indlela I-Perpetual Inventory System esebenza ngayo

Isistimu ye-inventory engapheli isebenza ngokulandelelwa okuqhubekayo kwamazinga we-inventory. Ngaso sonke isikhathi uma into ithengiswa noma itholwa, isistimu irekhoda okwenziwayo ngesikhathi sangempela. Lokhu kulandelela ngokushesha kwenziwa lula ngebhakhodi noma ubuchwepheshe be-RFID, obuzenzela inqubo yokubuyekeza njengoba imikhiqizo iskenwa endaweni yokuthengisa noma ngesikhathi sokwamukela. Ukusetshenziswa kwezithwebuli zebhakhodi akuthuthukisi nje kuphela ukunemba kodwa futhi kunciphisa kakhulu umsebenzi wezandla kanye nokwenzeka kwamaphutha omuntu.

Konke okwenziwayo kuthinta i-akhawunti yokusungula nezinye izici zezezimali zebhizinisi, okuhlanganisa izindleko zezimpahla ezithengisiwe (COGS) kanye nokubalwa kwenzuzo iyonke. Lokhu kuvumela amabhizinisi ukuthi abe nesithombe esinembile nesakamuva sempilo yawo yezezimali nganoma yisiphi isikhathi. Ngokungafani nesistimu ye-inventory yezikhathi ezithile, lapho i-COGS ibalwa khona ekupheleni kwesikhathi sokubala, isistimu yokusungula ehlala njalo ibuyekeza i-COGS ngakho konke okwenziwayo.

Umehluko Obalulekile Phakathi Kwezinhlelo Zokusungula Ezingapheli kanye Nezikhathi ezithile

Umehluko oyinhloko phakathi kwesistimu ye-inventory engapheli kanye nesistimu ye-inventory yezikhathi ezithile usekutheni bawabuyekeza kaningi kangakanani amarekhodi e-inventory. Isistimu engapheli ihlinzeka ngezibuyekezo zesikhathi sangempela noma nini lapho i-inventory ihamba, kuyilapho isistimu yezikhathi ezithile idinga ukubalwa kwe-inventory ebonakalayo ngezikhathi ezinqunyiwe, njengenyanga, ngekota, noma minyaka yonke.

Omunye umehluko ukuthi lezi zinhlelo zibala kanjani i-COGS. Kuhlelo lwaphakade, i-COGS ibuyekezwa ngakho konke okwenziwayo, okubonisa ukuncishiswa kwempahla. Ngokuphambene, isistimu yezikhathi ezithile ibala i-COGS kuphela ekupheleni kwenkathi yokubala ngokusebenzisa ifomula: i-inventory yokuqala + ukuthenga – i-inventory yokugcina = COGS.

Nakuba isistimu yokusungula yezikhathi ezithile ingase isebenzele amabhizinisi amancane anempahla elinganiselwe, isistimu yokusungula engapheli ihlinzeka ngezinzuzo ezicacile mayelana nokunemba, ukuzenzekelayo, nokusebenza kahle, ikakhulukazi kumabhizinisi asebenzelana nenani eliphezulu lempahla noma ama-SKU amaningi.

Izinzuzo ze-Perpetual Inventory System

I-Real-Time Inventory Tracking

Enye yezinzuzo ezibaluleke kakhulu zesistimu yokusungula yaphakade yikhono layo lokuhlinzeka ngezibuyekezo zesikhathi sangempela. Ngokushesha nje lapho ukuthengiswa noma ukuthengwa kwenzeka, isistimu ilungisa i-akhawunti yokusungula ngokuzenzakalelayo, ivumela amabhizinisi ukuthi ahlale phezu kwamaleveli esitoko futhi agweme izinkinga ezifana nokuba nesitoko esiningi noma ukuphela kwesitoko.

Ukunemba Okungeziwe

Ngokusebenzisa ibhakhodi noma ukuskena kwe-RFID, amabhizinisi anganciphisa ubungozi bephutha lomuntu ekulandeleleni i-inventory. Into ngayinye irekhodwa ngokunembile njengoba ihamba phakathi kwe-supply chain, iqinisekisa ukuthi amarekhodi e-inventory abonisa i-inventory yangempela ekhona. Lokhu futhi kungasiza amabhizinisi axazulule noma yikuphi ukushayisana phakathi kwempahla erekhodiwe kanye neyoqobo ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa kwamabhuku noma ukubalwa kwempahla ebonakalayo.

Ukulawulwa Kwempahla Okuthuthukisiwe

Isistimu ye-inventory engapheli inika amandla ukulawulwa okungcono kwe-inventory ngokuvumela abaphathi ukuthi balandelele eduze amaleveli esitoko, amaphoyinti okuhlelwa kabusha, kanye nempilo yonke ye-inventory. Leli zinga lokulawula liholela ekuphathweni kwe-inventory okunempumelelo kakhudlwana, lapho amabhizinisi engakwazi ukwandisa amazinga esitoko ukuze ahlangabezane nesidingo kuyilapho enciphisa inani lempahla eleqile.

Ukonga Izindleko Nempumelelo

Ukuzenzakalela kunciphisa isidingo sokubala mathupha nokubuyisana njalo, kukhulula isikhathi sokuba abasebenzi bagxile kweminye imisebenzi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, idatha yesikhathi sangempela isiza amabhizinisi ukwenza izinqumo ezisheshayo nezinembe kakhulu mayelana nama-oda okuthenga kanye nokugcwalisa i-oda. Lokhu kungaholela ezindlekweni eziphansi zokusebenza kanye nokuthuthukisa ukwaneliseka kwamakhasimende ngokuqinisekisa ukuthi imikhiqizo efanele ihlale ikhona.

Ukwenza izinqumo ezinolwazi

Ngedatha yesikhathi sangempela ekufakweni kwempahla nezezimali, amabhizinisi angenza izinqumo ezingcono mayelana nentengo, ukubikezela kwesidingo, nokuphathwa kochungechunge lokuhlinzeka. Uhlelo luhlinzeka ngemininingwane ebalulekile lapho imikhiqizo ithengiswa kahle nokuthi yimiphi engadinga ukuphathwa kwamasu, okuvumela izinkampani ukuthi zilungise amaqhinga azo ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.

I-Perpetual Inventory System kanye ne-Inventory Valuation Izindlela

Amabhizinisi asebenzisa isistimu ye-inventory engapheli asengasebenzisa izindlela ezihlukahlukene zokulinganisa isitokwe ukuze abale i-COGS kanye nokugcina uhlu lwamagama, okuhlanganisa i-FIFO (Ukungena Kokuqala, Ukukhipha Kokuqala), i-LIFO (Ukungena Kokugcina, Ukuphuma Kokuqala), kanye nezindleko ezimaphakathi ezinesisindo.

• I-FIFO ithatha ngokuthi izinto ze-inventory ezindala kakhulu zithengiswa kuqala, okuyinto evamile ezimbonini ezibhekene nezimpahla ezibolayo noma izinto ezinezinsuku zokuphelelwa yisikhathi. 
• I-LIFO ithatha ngokuthi uhla lwamagama olusha kakhulu luthengiswa kuqala, okungase kube usizo ezimbonini lapho imikhiqizo yakamuva ibekwa phambili, nakuba kuvamile kakhulu ngenxa yemikhawulo ngaphansi kwezindinganiso ezithile zokubala.
• I-Weighted Average Cost ibala izindleko ezimaphakathi zezinto zohlu phakathi nenkathi ethile. Le ndlela ingasheshisa ukuguquguquka kwezindleko futhi iwusizo kumabhizinisi abhekene nentengo engaguquki yomkhiqizo.

Ngokuhlanganisa isistimu ye-inventory engapheli nalezi zindlela zokulinganisa, amabhizinisi angaqinisekisa ukuthi amarekhodi abo ohlu anembile futhi ahambisana nezindinganiso zabo zokubika ngezezimali.

Ukubikezela kanye Nokuthuthukisa Impahla

Isistimu ye-inventory engapheli idlala indima ebalulekile ekubikezeleni isidingo nasekuthuthukiseni amazinga e-inventory. Njengoba inikeza ukubonakala kwesikhathi sangempela kumaleveli esitoko namathrendi okuthengisa, amabhizinisi angasebenzisa idatha ukuze abikezele isidingo sesikhathi esizayo ngokunembe kakhudlwana. Lokhu kwenza izinkampani zikwazi ukulondoloza amazinga e-inventory afanele, zehlise izindleko zokuphatha, futhi zigweme ukuphela kwesitoko noma ukugcwala ngokweqile.

Isibonelo, isofthiwe yokuphathwa kwempahla ehlanganiswe nesistimu yokusungula engapheli ingasiza amabhizinisi ahlaziye idatha yokuthengisa yesikhathi esidlule ukuze anqume amaphoyinti okuhlelwa kabusha kwemikhiqizo ngayinye. Uhlelo lungasiza futhi ekulawuleni ukuguquguquka kwesizini noma ukulungiselela izikhathi ezidingeka kakhulu, iqinisekise ukuthi ibhizinisi linenani elifanele lokusungula ukuze lihlangabezane nesidingo samakhasimende.

Iqhaza Lokuzenzakalelayo Ekuphathweni Kwempahla Engapheli

I-automation ibalulekile empumelelweni yesistimu ye-inventory engapheli. Izikena zebhakhodi, ubuchwepheshe be-RFID, kanye nezinhlelo zokudayiswa kungamanye amathuluzi abalulekile enza ukulandela ngomkhondo ngokuzenzakalelayo. Lobu buchwepheshe buqinisekisa ukuthi idatha ibuyekezwa ngokuzenzakalelayo noma nini lapho i-inventory yamukelwe, ithengiswa, noma idluliswa phakathi kwezindawo.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, isoftware yokuphathwa kwempahla ivumela amabhizinisi ukuthi enze lula izinqubo ezahlukahlukene, njengokudalwa kwe-oda lokuthenga, ukugcwaliswa kabusha kwesitoko, nokuphathwa kwempahla. Ngokuzenzakalela, isistimu ingaxwayisa abaphathi uma amazinga esitoko ephansi, ivimbele ukuphela kwesitoko futhi iqinisekise ukugcinwa kabusha kwesitoko ngesikhathi.

Izinselelo ze-Perpetual Inventory Systems

Nakuba uhlelo lokusungula lwaphakade lunikeza izinzuzo eziningi, luza nezinselelo, ikakhulukazi kumabhizinisi amancane. Inselele eyodwa izindleko zokuqala zokuqalisa isistimu, ikakhulukazi uma ihlanganisa nobuchwepheshe obuthuthukisiwe njenge-RFID noma ukuskena kwebhakhodi. Kodwa-ke, lezi zindleko zingase zixazululwe yizinzuzo zesikhathi eside zokunemba okuthuthukisiwe, ukuncishiswa kwabasebenzi, nokulawulwa okungcono kwe-inventory.

Enye inselelo ukuqinisekisa ukuthi uhlelo lugcinwa ngendlela efanele. Ngisho nange-automation, iphutha lomuntu lingenzeka uma abasebenzi bengazilandeli izinqubo zokuskena ezifanele noma uma ubuchwepheshe bungabuyekezwa njalo. Izibalo ze-inventory ezivamile zisadingeka ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi amarekhodi esistimu engapheli ahambisana ne-inventory yangempela.

Ngezansi: Ikusasa Lokuphathwa Kwempahla

Isistimu yokusungula engapheli iguqula indlela amabhizinisi aphatha ngayo izinto, enikeza imininingwane yesikhathi sangempela, ukunemba okukhulu, nokulawula okuthuthukisiwe. Ngokusebenzisa lolu hlelo oluhambisana ne-automation nokuluhlanganisa nobuchwepheshe obuthuthukisiwe njenge-RFID nezikena zebhakhodi, izinkampani zingathuthukisa kakhulu izinqubo zazo zokuphatha izinto, zehlise izindleko, futhi zikhuphule ukwaneliseka kwamakhasimende.

Njengoba amaketanga e-ecommerce kanye ne-complex supply aqhubeka nokukhula, ukwamukela uhlelo lokusungula olungapheli kubaluleka kumabhizinisi afuna ukuhlala encintisana. Ngedatha yesikhathi sangempela ezandleni zabo, amabhizinisi angenza izinqumo ezinolwazi kakhulu, athuthukise amazinga awo we-inventory, futhi enze lula lonke uchungechunge lwawo lokuhlinzeka. Noma ngabe yehlisa i-COGS, ithuthukisa ukuphathwa kwe-warehouse, noma ithuthukisa ukwaneliseka kwamakhasimende, isistimu ye-inventory engapheli iyithuluzi elibalulekile eliletha izinzuzo ezihlala njalo.

Umthombo ovela Idatha ye-DCL Logistics

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