Indawo yamandla avuselelekayo inkulu futhi iyinkimbinkimbi, kodwa emnyombweni wayo ilele isisombululo esilula nesinhle: ubuchwepheshe be-photovoltaic (PV). Le ndlela emisha yokusebenzisa amandla elanga iye yashintsha indlela esicabanga ngayo nesiwasebenzisa ngayo amandla. Kulesi sihloko, sizohlola ubunkimbinkimbi bezinhlelo ze-photovoltaic, sikhanyisele ukuthi kungani ziyisisekelo sezixazululo zamandla esimeme. Kusukela ekuqondeni okuyisisekelo kuya ekuhloleni izinhlelo zokusebenza ezithuthukile, sizozulazula ezicini ezibalulekile abasebenzisi abazikhathalela kakhulu, sikunikeze ukuqonda okuphelele kobuchwepheshe be-photovoltaic.
Okuqukethwe:
- Buyini ubuchwepheshe be-photovoltaic?
- Asebenza kanjani amasistimu we-photovoltaic?
- Izinzuzo zokusebenzisa amandla e-photovoltaic
- Izitayela zamanje kubuchwepheshe be-photovoltaic
- Umbono wesikhathi esizayo wobuchwepheshe be-photovoltaic
Iyini ubuchwepheshe be-photovoltaic?
Ubuchwepheshe be-Photovoltaic, empeleni, buyindlela yokuguqula ukukhanya kwelanga kube ugesi. Le nqubo, eyaziwa ngokuthi umphumela we-photovoltaic, ifinyelelwa ngokusebenzisa amaseli elanga, okuyizinto zokwakha zamaphaneli elanga. Ukuqonda isayensi ngemuva kwe-photovoltaics kubalulekile ekwaziseni amandla ayo. Lawa maseli elanga enziwe ngezinto ezifana ne-silicon, ekwazi ukumunca ama-photon ekukhanyeni kwelanga futhi akhulule ama-electron, enze umsinga kagesi.
Umlando wobuchwepheshe be-photovoltaic uhlehlela emuva ekhulwini le-19, kodwa kwaze kwaba yilapho umjaho wasemkhathini lapho ethola khona ukusetshenziswa kwawo kokuqala okusebenzayo. Namuhla, ukuthuthuka kwesayensi yezinto zokwakha kanye namasu okukhiqiza kwenze ama-photovoltais asebenza kahle futhi angabizi kakhulu kunangaphambili. Lokhu kuguquka kuwubufakazi bendima ekhulayo yobuchwepheshe endaweni yethu yamandla.
Ukuhlukahluka kwezinhlelo ze-photovoltaic kusho ukuthi zingatshalwa ezindaweni ezihlukahlukene, kusukela ophahleni lwezindlu ukuya emapulazini amakhulu elanga. Lokhu kuvumelana nezimo, kuhlangene nezindleko ezinciphayo zamaphaneli elanga, kuye kwaholela ekwenyukeni kokufakwa kwe-photovoltaic emhlabeni wonke.
Asebenza kanjani amasistimu we-photovoltaic?
Enhliziyweni yawo wonke amasistimu e-photovoltaic kukhona iphaneli yelanga, iqoqo lamaseli elanga aklanyelwe ukuthwebula ukukhanya kwelanga futhi akuguqule kube ugesi. Kodwa uhambo olusuka ekukhanyeni kwelanga luye emandleni asebenzisekayo luhlanganisa izinyathelo nezingxenye ezimbalwa. Ugesi okhiqiziwe wamanje (DC) udinga ukuguqulwa ube i-alternating current (AC), uhlobo lukagesi olusetshenziswa izinto eziningi zasendlini. Lokhu kuguqulwa kwenziwa kwenzeke idivayisi ebalulekile eyaziwa ngokuthi i-inverter.
Ukusebenza kahle kwesistimu ye-photovoltaic kuthonywa izici eziningi, kufaka phakathi uhlobo lwamaseli elanga, i-angle kanye nokuma kwamaphaneli, nokuba khona kwanoma iyiphi i-shading. Ukwakhiwa kwesistimu nokufakwa kudlala indima ebalulekile ekwandiseni ukukhiqizwa kwamandla.
Ukugcinwa kwamandla ngesinye isici esibalulekile sezinhlelo ze-photovoltaic, ezivumela ukusetshenziswa kwamandla elanga ngisho noma ilanga lingakhanyi. Amabhethri agcina amandla engeziwe akhiqizwa phakathi nosuku, ahlinzeka ngamandla kagesi ubusuku bonke noma phakathi namafu, okuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle okuphelele nokuthembeka kwesistimu.
Izinzuzo zokusebenzisa amandla e-photovoltaic
Amandla e-Photovoltaic anikeza izinzuzo ezimbalwa eziphoqelelayo ngaphezu kwamafutha endabuko ensalela. Mhlawumbe okuphawuleka kakhulu, umthombo wamandla ohlanzekile novuselelekayo. Ngokuguqula ukukhanya kwelanga kube ugesi, amasistimu e-photovoltaic akhiqiza amandla ngaphandle kokukhipha amagesi abamba ukushisa noma izinto ezingcolisa umoya, okunikela endaweni enempilo futhi kunciphise imithelela yokushintsha kwesimo sezulu.
Ngokomnotho, ukutshalwa kwezimali kokuqala ohlelweni lwe-photovoltaic kungasuswa ngokulondolozwa okukhulu kwezikweletu zikagesi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Izinzuzo zikahulumeni kanye nokwehla kwezindleko zobuchwepheshe belanga zithuthukisa ukusebenza kwezimali kokufakwa kwe-photovoltaic kubantu ngabanye namabhizinisi ngokufanayo.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukukala kwezinhlelo ze-photovoltaic kusho ukuthi zingenziwa ngendlela efanele ukuze zihlangabezane nezidingo ezithile zamandla, kungaba okomndeni owodwa noma umphakathi wonke. Lokhu kuvumelana nezimo, kuhlanganiswe namandla okuzimela kwamandla, kwenza ubuchwepheshe be-photovoltaic bube yinketho ekhangayo yezinhlelo eziningi ezahlukene.
Izitayela zamanje kubuchwepheshe be-photovoltaic
Imboni ye-photovoltaic ibonakala ngokuqamba okusha nokukhula okusheshayo. Amathrendi akamuva ahlanganisa ukuthuthukiswa kwamaseli elanga asebenza kahle kakhulu, njengamaseli e-perovskite, athembisa ukusebenza kahle okuphezulu ngezindleko eziphansi. Amaphaneli elanga akabili, athwebula ukukhanya kwelanga ezinhlangothini zombili, angenye intuthuko ethuthukisa isivuno samandla.
Ukuhlanganiswa nobuchwepheshe obuhlakaniphile nakho kuyakhula, okuvumela ukuphathwa kwamandla okuyinkimbinkimbi nokwenza kahle. Amasistimu e-photovoltaic ahlakaniphile angakwazi ukuzivumelanisa nezimo zezulu ezishintshayo kanye nezidingo zamandla, athuthukise ukusebenza futhi andise ukonga.
Ngesilinganiso esikhulu, ukuthunyelwa kwezinhlelo ze-photovoltaic ezintantayo emizimbeni yamanzi kuvela njengesixazululo esinoveli sezinkinga zomhlaba, okuvula izindlela ezintsha zokukhiqiza amandla elanga.
Umbono wesikhathi esizayo wobuchwepheshe be-photovoltaic
Ikusasa lobuchwepheshe be-photovoltaic liqhakazile, ucwaningo oluqhubekayo nentuthuko evula indlela yezixazululo ezisebenza kahle kakhulu nezisimeme. Ukuqamba okusha kwesayensi yezinto zokwakha kanye nobunjiniyela kubambe isithembiso sokunqoba imikhawulo yamanje, okungenzeka kuguqule indlela esiwasebenzisa ngayo futhi siwasebenzise amandla elanga.
Njengoba ukuqwashisa komhlaba wonke nokuzibophezela kumandla avuselelekayo kukhula, ubuchwepheshe be-photovoltaic ngokungangabazeki buzodlala indima ebalulekile ekulolongeni ikusasa lethu lamandla. Ukwehla okuqhubekayo kwezindleko, okuhambisana nentuthuko yezobuchwepheshe, kuzothuthukisa ukutholakala kwamandla ahlanzekile, okuzokwenza kube yisisekelo semizamo yomhlaba wonke yokuthola uhlelo lwamandla oluzinzile noluqinile.
Isiphetho:
Ubuchwepheshe be-Photovoltaic lumi phambili ekuguqukeni kwamandla avuselelekayo, bunikeza isisombululo esihlanzekile, esiguquguqukayo, nesimeme kuzidingo zethu zamandla ezikhulayo. Njengoba sihlolile, kusukela kokuyisisekelo kokuthi amasistimu e-photovoltaic asebenza kanjani kuye kumathrendi ajabulisayo akha ikusasa lawo, kuyacaca ukuthi amandla alobu buchwepheshe makhulu futhi awakasetshenziswa. Ukwamukela amandla e-photovoltaic akuzuzisi nje imvelo kuphela kodwa futhi kunikeza izinzuzo zezomnotho kanye nesithembiso sekusasa elizinzile. Njengoba ukuqamba okusha kuqhubeka nokuqhubekisela phambili imboni, indima yobuchwepheshe be-photovoltaic endaweni yethu yamandla isethwe ukuthi ibaluleke nakakhulu.
