Amakhadi ezithombe, isizinda esinamandla ngemuva kokuboniswa okumangalisayo kumakhompuyutha, aseyingxenye ebalulekile kubadlali bamageyimu, abaklami, nabathandi bemidiya exubile ngokufanayo. Ukuqonda ukuthi ziyini, ukuthi zisebenza kanjani, kanye nezinzuzo nezithiyo ezizilethayo kungaba nomthelela omkhulu okuhlangenwe nakho kwakho kwekhompuyutha. Lesi sihloko sihlose ukuhlinzeka ngomhlahlandlela obanzi kumakhadi wezithombe, okukusiza ukuthi wenze izinqumo ezinolwazi mayelana nokukhetha nokusebenzisa lawa madivayisi abalulekile.
Okuqukethwe:
– Liyini ikhadi lemifanekiso?
– Ikhadi lemifanekiso lisebenza kanjani?
- Izinzuzo kanye nezithiyo zamakhadi wehluzo
- Ungalikhetha kanjani ikhadi lemifanekiso
– Isetshenziswa kanjani ikhadi lemifanekiso
Liyini ikhadi lemifanekiso?
Ikhadi lezithombe, elaziwa nangokuthi ikhadi levidiyo, liwucezu lwezingxenyekazi zekhompuyutha ezinomthwalo wemfanelo wokunikeza izithombe, amavidiyo, nokugqwayiza kusibonisi sekhompyutha yakho. Iguqula idatha esuka ku-CPU ibe ulwazi oluqondakalayo olungaboniswa kusiqapha sakho. Ngokungafani nezithombe ezihlanganisiwe eza zakhiwe ku-CPU, ikhadi lehluzo elizinikele linephrosesa yalo (i-GPU) nememori (VRAM), eliyenza ikwazi ukwenza izibalo ezibukwayo eziyinkimbinkimbi ngokuzimela, ngaleyo ndlela ithuthukise ukusebenza kohlelo lonke kanye nekhwalithi yokuphuma kokubukwayo.
Amakhadi ezithombe eza ngezinhlobo ezahlukene, enzelwe izidingo nezabelomali ezahlukene. Angakwazi ukusuka kumamodeli ayisisekelo anele imisebenzi yekhompuyutha yansuku zonke kuya kuzinguqulo ezisezingeni eliphezulu ezidizayinelwe imidlalo ejulile, ukunikezwa kwe-3D, nokuhlelwa kwevidiyo. Izingxenye ezibalulekile zekhadi lezithombe zifaka i-GPU, i-VRAM, isistimu yokupholisa, nezixhumi ezibonakalayo eziphumayo. Ngayinye yalezi idlala indima ebalulekile ekunqumeni ukusebenza kwekhadi, ukuhambisana, nokufaneleka kwemisebenzi ethile noma izinhlelo zokusebenza zesofthiwe.
Ukuqonda ukucaciswa namandla ekhadi lezithombe kubalulekile kunoma ubani ofuna ukuthuthukisa ukusebenza kokubukwayo kwekhompyutha yakhe. Isakhiwo se-GPU, inani le-VRAM, izindlela zokupholisa, nobuchwepheshe obusekelwayo bokuphumayo/besibonisi yizici ezibalulekile ezithonya ukusebenza kahle kwekhadi ekunikezeni izithombe namavidiyo wekhwalithi ephezulu ngokushelela nangokushesha.
Lisebenza kanjani ikhadi lezithombe?
Emgogodleni walo, ikhadi lezithombe lihumusha idatha kanambambili isuka kuyunithi yokucubungula emaphakathi yekhompuyutha (CPU) iyise olwazini olubonakalayo olungaboniswa kusiqapha. Le nqubo ibandakanya izinyathelo ezimbalwa, kuqala nge-GPU, okuyinhliziyo yekhadi lezithombe. I-GPU iyiphrosesa eyisipesheli eklanyelwe ukusheshisa ukudalwa nokunikezwa kwezithombe, amavidiyo, nokugqwayiza. Isebenzisa izinkulungwane zama-cores amancane, asebenzayo ukucubungula imisebenzi eminingi ngesikhathi esisodwa, iyenze ibe inhle kakhulu ekuphatheni imisebenzi efanayo edingekayo ekunikezelweni kwezithombe.
Ingxenye elandelayo ebalulekile i-Video RAM (VRAM), inkumbulo enikelwe esetshenziswa ngokukhethekile yi-GPU ukugcina ukuthungwa, amabhafa wozimele, nenye idatha edingekayo ukuze unikeze izithombe. Ukuba ne-VRAM eyanele kubalulekile ekunikezeni izithombe namavidiyo anokulungiswa okuphezulu ngokushelela, njengoba kuvumela i-GPU ukuthi ifinyelele inani elikhulu ledatha ngokushesha ngaphandle kokuthembela kusistimu ehamba kancane ye-RAM.
Inqubo yokunikeza ihilela izibalo eziyinkimbinkimbi kanye nokukhiqizwa kokushisa okuningi. Ngakho-ke, uhlelo lokupholisa olusebenzayo lubalulekile ukugcina ukusebenza kahle nokuvimbela ukushisa ngokweqile. Amakhadi ezithombe asebenzisa inhlanganisela yamasinki okushisa, amafeni, noma amasistimu okupholisa uketshezi ukuze akhiphe ukushisa kahle. Ukwengeza, amakhadi ezithombe zesimanje asekela amazinga ahlukahlukene okukhiphayo (njenge-HDMI, i-DisplayPort, ne-DVI) ukuze axhumeke kuma-monitor, ama-TV, namanye amadivayisi wokubonisa, anikeze abasebenzisi ukuguquguquka ekumiseni izindawo zabo zokubonisa ezibonakalayo.
Izinzuzo kanye nezithiyo zamakhadi ezithombe
Inzuzo eyinhloko yekhadi lezithombe elizinikele ikhono lalo lokuthuthukisa kakhulu ikhwalithi nokushelela kwezithombe, amavidiyo, nokugqwayiza okuboniswa esikrinini sakho. Kubadlali bamageyimu, lokhu kusho izindawo ezigxile kakhulu kanye nokudlala okuwuketshezi, ngisho nasekulungisweni okuphezulu nezilungiselelo zemininingwane. Kochwepheshe abakudizayini, ukuhlela ividiyo, kanye nokwenza imodeli ye-3D, ikhadi lemifanekiso elinamandla linganciphisa kakhulu izikhathi zokunikezela futhi lithuthukise ukunemba kokuphumayo okubukwayo.
Nokho, amakhadi ezithombe abuye abe nezihibe. Amamodeli asezingeni eliphezulu angabiza kakhulu, awenze utshalomali olubalulekile kubasebenzisi abaningi. Ziphinde zisebenzise inani elikhulu lamandla futhi zikhiqize ukushisa okuningi, okungaba nomthelela kubhili yakho kagesi futhi kudinga izixazululo zokupholisa ezengeziwe. Ngaphezu kwalokho, isivinini esisheshayo sokuthuthuka kwezobuchwepheshe kubuchwepheshe bezithombe sisho ukuthi amakhadi anamuhla aphezulu angase aphelelwe yisikhathi ngokushesha, okudinge ukuthi kuthuthukiswe kaningi kunezinye izingxenye zekhompyutha.
Okunye okucatshangelwayo ukuhambisana. Akuwona wonke amakhadi ezithombe azosebenza nawo wonke ama-motherboard noma ikesi lekhompyutha. Ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ikhadi elisha lizolingana ngokomzimba, lixhumeke kahle ebhodini lomama, futhi lingadluli umthamo wamandla kagesi kuyizinyathelo ezibalulekile ngaphambi kokuthenga.
Ungayikhetha kanjani ikhadi lemifanekiso
Ukukhetha ikhadi elifanele lezithombe kuhlanganisa ukulinganisa izidingo zokusebenza nemikhawulo yebhajethi. Qala ngokunquma ukusetshenziswa okuyinhloko kwekhompuyutha yakho: kungakhathaliseki ukuthi okokusebenzisa ikhompuyutha evamile, idizayini yezithombe ezichwepheshile nokuhlelwa kwevidiyo, noma amageyimu aqinile. Lokhu kuzosiza ukwehlisa ububanzi bamakhadi ahlangabezana nezidingo zakho zokusebenza.
Okulandelayo, cabangela imininingwane. Amandla okucubungula e-GPU, inani le-VRAM, nohlobo lwesistimu yokupholisa izinto ezibalulekile ezithinta ukusebenza. Bheka amakhadi anezakhiwo zakamuva ze-GPU kanye ne-VRAM eyanele yokusingatha izinhlelo zakho zokusebenza eziyisidingo kakhulu. Futhi, hlola ubukhulu bomzimba bekhadi ukuze uqinisekise ukuthi lilingana kukesi lekhompyutha yakho futhi uqinisekise izidingo zokuhlinzekwa kwamandla ukuze uqinisekise ukuhambisana.
Okokugcina, cwaninga futhi uqhathanise amamodeli ahlukene ngaphakathi kwebhajethi yakho. Funda izibuyekezo namabhentshimakhi ukuze uqonde ukuthi ikhadi ngalinye lisebenza kanjani kuzimo zomhlaba wangempela, ikakhulukazi ezinhlelweni zokusebenza noma kumageyimu owasebenzisa kakhulu. Lesi sinyathelo singakusiza ukuthi uthole inani elingcono kakhulu lemali yakho futhi ugweme ukukhokhela ngokweqile izici ezingadingekile.
Isetshenziswa kanjani ikhadi lemifanekiso
Ukufaka ikhadi lezithombe kuyinqubo eqondile kodwa kudinga ukuphathwa ngokucophelela ukuze kugwenywe ukulimaza izingxenye ezibucayi. Okokuqala, qiniseka ukuthi ikhompuyutha yakho ivaliwe futhi ayixhunyiwe. Vula ikesi bese uthola i-PCI Express (PCIe) slot ebhodini lomama lapho kuzofakwa khona ikhadi. Uma ushintsha ikhadi elidala, lisuse ngokucophelela esikhaleni.
Ngaphambi kokufaka ikhadi elisha, hlola ukuthi ugesi wakho unazo yini izixhumi ezidingekayo kanye namandla okuwasekela. Bese, ngobumnene ufake ikhadi ku-slot ye-PCIe, ulivikele ngezikulufu uma kunesidingo, futhi uxhume noma yiziphi izintambo zikagesi ezidingekayo. Ekugcineni, vala ikesi, xhuma ikhompuyutha yakho, bese uyivula.
Ngemva kokufaka ihadiwe, uzodinga ukufaka izishayeli zakamuva, okuyizinhlelo zesofthiwe ezenza ikhompuyutha yakho ikwazi ukuxhumana nekhadi lezithombe. Abashayeli bavame ukutholakala ukuze badawunilode kuwebhusayithi yomkhiqizi. Ukugcina abashayeli bakho benolwazi lwakamuva kubalulekile ekusebenzeni kahle nasekuzinzeni.
Isiphetho: Amakhadi ezithombe adlala indima ebalulekile ekuthuthukiseni amandla okubuka amakhompuyutha, anikeze izinzuzo kubasebenzisi abahlukahlukene, kusukela kuziphequluli zewebhu ezivamile ukuya kubaklami bezithombe abangochwepheshe nabadlali bamageyimu. Ngokuqonda ukusebenza, izinzuzo, kanye nemikhawulo yamakhadi ezithombe, kanye nendlela yokukhetha nokufaka elilodwa, abasebenzisi bangathuthukisa kakhulu ulwazi lwabo lwekhompuyutha. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi uthuthukisa isistimu ekhona noma wakha entsha, ukukhetha ikhadi elifanele lezithombe kuyisinyathelo esibalulekile ekufinyeleleni izinga lakho lokusebenza olifunayo.
