Njengoba umthamo we-PV module ukhuphuka, abahlinzeki bezingilazi bebetshala imali entsha yokukhiqiza ingilazi yelanga. Njengase-India nase-China, izikhungo ezintsha ziyavela eNyakatho Melika, ngama-twist ayingqayizivele ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuncintisana, njengokusebenzisa izinto ezigaywe kabusha.
Maphakathi no-March 2024, i-Silfab Solar yaseCanada, umkhiqizi wemojula esebenza kahle kakhulu enezinhlelo zokunwebeka eSouth Carolina, ithe izokhipha ingilazi ku-PV panel recycler yase-US yase-US. I-Solarcycle ihlela u-$344 million wendwangu yengilazi yelanga esifundazweni sase-US sase-Georgia, ehlinzekwa ngezinto zephaneli ezigaywe kabusha.
"Sijabule ngekhono lokukhula kokukhiqizwa kwamandla elanga ukuze kuhlinzekwe imisebenzi kanye nokuthuthukiswa kwe-R&D e-US," kusho isikhulu esiphezulu seSolarcycle Operating Officer (COO) uRob Vinje etshela. pv umagazini.
Ukukhula komhlaba wonke
U-Andries Wantenaar, wenkampani yezobunhloli ezimakethe i-Rethink Technology Research, uthe “isidingo sengilazi yelanga sibukeka sinamandla. Iyimakethe ekhulayo enamanani azinzile uma kuqhathaniswa.” Uphawule ukwanda okungama-66% kuzo zonke izingxenye zomkhakha wokukhiqiza ilanga laseChina ngo-2023, kanye nokukhula ngokushesha okukhulu ngaphandle kweChina, lapho okuphuma khona kuphindeke kabili kusuka ku-65 GW ngo-2022, kuya cishe ku-130 GW ngo-2023.
"Uma wenza ingilazi yelanga, unemakethe enkulu kakhulu futhi ekhula ngokushesha ngaphandle kwaseChina ongathengisa kuyo," kusho u-Wantenaar. "Ngeke ubambeke esimeni sabenzi be-polysilicon baseNtshonalanga, amakhasimende abo okungabenzi bama-wafer e-China asebethenga kubenzi be-polysilicon baseShayina kuphela ngamanani angaphansi kwezindleko zaseNtshonalanga zokukhiqiza."
Izintengo zezinto zengilazi zizinzile. “Intengo yengilazi yezinga le-solar inenkani okungenani iminyaka eyishumi manje ngoba isiwumkhiqizo ocatshangelwe ngokuphelele,” kusho u-Wantenaar. I-caveat ukuthi ingilazi iwumkhiqizo osebenzisa amandla amaningi, okuyisici esinamandla sezindleko, futhi isizathu esisodwa esenza i-China ibuse ukukhiqizwa kwayo. I-Wantenaar ilinganisela ukuthi i-China iphethe "cishe ama-90%" emakethe yengilazi yelanga, ephakeme kunesabelo sayo semojula ye-PV engu-80%.
Izinhlangothi ezimbili
U-Wantenaar ukholelwa ukuthi ingilazi izomelela isabelo esikhulu sezindleko zemojuli esikhathini esizayo, njengoba ezinye izici ziba nezindleko ezithe xaxa kanye nethrendi yemojuli ye-bifacial, ngokuvamile efaka ingilazi nhlangothi zombili kunengaphambili lengilazi elihlanganiswe ne-backsheet ye-polymer, liyaqina.
"I-Bifacial isanda kudlulisa isabelo semakethe esingu-50%, sibheka imiphumela yokukhiqiza yaseShayina, futhi izoqhubeka nokukhula, mhlawumbe ifinyelele ku-75% ngo-2030," kusho umhlaziyi.
Amamojula engilazi ekabili ngokuvamile asebenzisa amafasitelana amabili engilazi angu-2 mm, ngezinye izikhathi angu-1.6 mm, ngokungafani namaphaneli avamile, afaka ingilazi engu-3.2 mm. Ukusetshenziswa kwengilazi ezacile kungase kudinge izinqubo ezihlukene zokuqinisa ukushisa futhi okungase kube nomthelela kwikhwalithi.
Ukuthambekela kwengilazi yengilazi into abacwaningi boMnyango Wezamandla wase-US (DOE) National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) abayibhekisisayo, mayelana nokuqina kwemojuli.
"Ingilazi ezacile ngempela ilungiselelwe ukuthunyelwa kanye nempahla, hhayi ngempela ukusebenza okuqinile emkhakheni," kusho uTeresa Barnes, ophethe ukwethembeka kwe-PV kanye neqembu lokusebenza kwesistimu e-NREL, futhi osebenza njengenhloko yenhlangano yocwaningo ye-DOE-Durable Module Materials (Duramat) exhaswe yi-DOE.
"Ngokomlando, amamojula e-silicon PV enziwe ngengilazi yekhava egoqiwe futhi eyakhiwe ngenkathi ifilimu elincanyana lisebenzise ingilazi entantayo engena-antimony enogqinsi oluyi-2 mm noma u-3 mm," kusho u-Barnes. “Umzimba omncane uyenzeka kodwa unzima kakhulu ngenxa yenqubo yokushisa ukushisa.”
Kungenzeka ukuthi izinto zengilazi ezenzelwe imakethe yaseNyakatho Melika zizoba nezidingo zemishini ezihlukile kunezinye izifunda.
"Isimo sezulu esibi kakhulu, njengesichotho, singasho ukuthi amamojula ase-US azodinga ingilazi eqinile," kusho uBarnes.
Kukhona nezimpawu ezifanayo ezivela eYurophu.
“Umkhuba lapha uwukuthola izindawo zokuhlala,” kusho uMartin Zugg, umqondisi wenkampani ekhiqiza izingilazi yaseJalimane i-Interfloat, ephethwe yi-Borosil yaseNdiya. "Kunzima ukuthola i-niche kodwa sibona abakhiqizi bethuthukisa izimakethe ze-niche ezintsha, ezihlanganisa amaphaneli angamelana nesichotho adinga ingilazi eqinile, amamojula ahlanganiswe nophahla, kanye nezicelo ze-PV ezihlanganisiwe zokwakha."
I-Interfloat ikhiqiza ingilazi yelanga ene-iron ephansi eyanele, edlulisa kakhulu ku-2 GW wamamojula ngonyaka. Yenza ingilazi ibe nogqinsi olusuka ku-2 mm kuya ku-6 mm, ngokwejwayelekile kanye nobukhulu obujwayelekile kanye nesicelo esikhethekile.
Ukusetshenziswa kwengilazi ewugqinsi kunganikeza abakhiqizi bengilazi bendawo ithuba lemakethe kanye nezindleko eziphansi eziphathelene nezokuthutha.
“Ingilazi iyimpahla ebizayo ukuyihambisa,” kusho i-NREL’s Barnes. "Izindleko zokuthutha, ukuthunyelwa, nokugcinwa konke kukhokhelwa umkhiqizi wemojula ye-PV."
Umphumela wokuqala weSolar
Ifilimu encanyana ese-US esekelwe e-US eyisikhondlakhondla se-First Solar sandisa umthamo ngo-13 GW wokusebenza kusukela ngo-September 2023, futhi sihlela u-25 GW womthamo we-nameplate wonyaka womhlaba wonke ngo-2026, ne-14 GW e-United States.
Leyo ndlela yokwandisa iqala ukutshalwa kwezimali embonini yengilazi ukuyihlinzeka ngengilazi entantayo eyidingayo kumamojula ayo amafilimu amancane. E-United States, abakhiqizi i-NSG Group kanye ne-Vitro Architectural Glass bamemezele izinkontileka nezinhlelo zemigqa ezinikele ukuze isebenze i-First Solar.
E-India, lapho i-First Solar isanda kwethula imboni yayo yamamojula engu-3.3 GW Series 7, inkampani yaseFrance i-Saint Gobain kubikwa ukuthi iletha ukukhiqizwa ku-inthanethi embonini esesifundeni sase-Tamil Nadu ukuze inikeze umkhiqizi waseMelika.
NgoNovemba 2023, i-NSG yathi izokwengeza umthamo wengilazi e-transparent conductive oxide (TCO) e-Ohio ukuze inikeze i-First Solar, ihlela ukuthutha ekuqaleni kuka-2025. I-NSG ikhiqize ingilazi ehlanganiswe ne-TCO yefilimu encane ye-PV iminyaka engaphezu kwengu-25.
“Minyaka yonke imakethe yelanga iba nkulu futhi ibe nkulu; imali eyengeziwe, izinsiza ezengeziwe,” kusho uStephen Weidner, ophethe amaqembu emikhiqizo yengilazi yezakhiwo yaseNyakatho Melika ye-NSG kanye nemikhiqizo yelanga. "Lokhu sikubona emhlabeni jikelele."
Ingilazi ye-solar iya ibaluleka kakhulu. "Akusekho lutho eminyakeni eyi-10 edlule, kuya ku-10% kuya ku-15% wesamba semakethe yezingilazi eziyisicaba eNyakatho Melika," kusho u-Weidner. “Inhloso yethu wukukhula nemakethe. Lokho kusho ukuthi ekupheleni kuka- [2024] sizobe sesinemigqa emithathu entantayo eNyakatho Melika enikezelwe engxenyeni yelanga, eminye imigqa emibili eVietnam, futhi owodwa oseMalaysia, esiyiguqule yaba yi-TCO isuka engilazini yezakhiwo ngaphambili.
I-Vitro Architecural Glass futhi yengeza umthamo wase-US ukuhlinzeka nge-First Solar. Ngo-Okthoba 2023, yamemezela ukunwetshwa kwenkontileka yayo ne-First Solar kanye nohlelo lokutshala imali esitshalweni sasePennsylvania, kanye nokulungisa izinsiza zengilazi ze-PV ezikhona. Le nkampani esitatimendeni ithe ilindele "ukukhula okukhulu" ebhizinisini lengilazi yelanga ngenxa yomphumela "wokusondeza" e-United States.
Umthelela we-IRA
Ngaphandle kokuthonya i-First Solar kanye nochungechunge lwayo lokuhlinzeka ngezingilazi olukhulayo, izinqubomgomo ezifana ne-US Inflation Reduction Act (IRA), ziphinde zigqugquzele ukutshalwa kwezimali kokukhiqizwa kwe-silicon, okubangela i-Canadian Premium Sand (CPS), osanda kungena ovela eCanada, ukuthi amemezele iphrojekthi yengilazi yephaneli yelanga. I-CPS ihlela ukwakha ifekthri e-Selkirk, eManitoba, ukuze kukhiqizwe amamojula wengilazi angu-1.8 mm kuya ku-4 mm ngevolumu eyanele engu-6 GW yamaphaneli elanga ngonyaka.
"Silinganisela isidingo esifundeni saseNyakatho Melika sokuthi ingilazi yephethini yelanga ifinyelele cishe ku-100 GW ngo-2030, iqhutshwa ukuhoxiswa kabusha kochungechunge lokukhiqiza amaphaneli elanga e-US," kusho u-Anshul Vishal, ophethe ukuthuthukiswa kwebhizinisi e-CPS.
Ibhizinisi limemezele izivumelwano zokwehliswa kwezimpahla nokuthandwa komkhiqizi wamamojula waseSwitzerland u-Meyer Burger, i-Heliene yaseCanada, kanye ne-Qcells, okuphethwe yi-Hanwha yaseNingizimu Korea. Izingxoxo eziqhubekayo nabanye abangaba amakhasimende engilazi enephethini yelanga ziyaqhubeka, ngokusho kukaVishal, ngezinhlelo zokufinyelela izinga lenkontileka elingu-100% ngaphambi kokwakhiwa.
Iphrojekthi yengilazi edidiyelwe ye-CPS idinga utshalomali oluyizigidi ezingama-CAD 880 (amaRandi ayizigidi ezingama-639) ukuze kumiswe lesi sikhungo futhi kuthuthukiswe indawo yesihlabathi se-silica. Lolu hlelo luhlanganisa imigqa eminingi yengilazi yelanga efudumele nenephethini, okuhlanganisa imigqa yokumboza emelene ne-anti-reflective kanye ne-anti-soiling, ukuze ibe ku-inthanethi ngo-2026.
“Kuwuhlelo oluvunywe yizinhlaka zikahulumeni wesifundazwe kanye nohulumeni kanye nezimvume zezemvelo sezikhona,” kusho uVishal. "Sisanda kuhlolwa impahla yesihlabathi eYurophu, okuqinisekisile ukuthi sizokwazi ukusebenzisa izinqubo ezilula, ezingabizi kakhulu, futhi ezibhekele imvelo ukuyicwengisa ibe yiphethini yebanga lengilazi yelanga."
I-CPS izokwazi ukuthepha ingxube yamandla ye-Manitoba ku-CO ephansi2-ukukhipha ugesi wamanzi kanye namandla omoya. Ukuba sendaweni yeSivumelwano Sokuhweba Ngokukhululekile saseNyakatho Melika endaweni eyizinsuku ezintathu kuya kwezine ukusuka kumakhasimende - ukusekela ukuthunyelwa okulula kanye nokuphazamiseka okungaba khona - ngezinye izinzuzo ezihlobene nendawo, ngokusho kukaVishal.
Ikhontileka ye-consortium yokwakha imboni ye-CPS. Kuhlanganisa uHenry F. Teichmann, usonkontileka wemboni yezingilazi zamazwe ngamazwe ozinze e-United States; Inkampani yobunjiniyela bezimboni ezinze eFrance i-Fives Group; Umphakeli wemishini yokwenza ingilazi yase-Italy uBottero; kanye namafemu amabili aseCanada, i-Elrus Aggregate Systems, ehlinzeka ngemishini yokucubungula amaminerali; kanye ne-PCL Constructors, inkampani yobunjiniyela bomphakathi.
Ingilazi egaywe kabusha
Njenge-CPS, isitshalo esihlelelwe i-Solarcycle yeminyaka emibili sinomthamo wonyaka onemojula elingana ne-5 GW kuya ku-6 GW yomthamo wokukhiqiza - kodwa sisebenzisa ingilazi egaywe kabusha. Ukusebenzisa izinto ezigaywe kabusha ezitholwe kumaphaneli e-silicon e-crystalline ekupheleni kwempilo kusho ukuthi ingilazi etholiwe inokwakheka kwamakhemikhali okufanele. Isivele iyinsimbi ephansi, njengoba i-Solarcycle's Vinje iyibona, futhi lokho kuzonciphisa isidingo samandla kanye nekhabhoni ehlanganisiwe.
"Kuyimboni yokuqala yengilazi egoqwe ngensimbi ephansi ukwakhiwa emakethe yase-US," kusho i-COO. "Okwamanje sithola izinhlinzeko ezivela kubahlinzeki bemishini yokucubungula ingilazi bamazwe ngamazwe kuyilapho izinkontileka zobunjiniyela, ezokwakha, nezinhlelo ezingaphansi eziningi zisaxoxisana nabahlinzeki base-US."
Emisebenzini kukhona umugqa wokukhiqiza ingilazi onephethini wamamitha angu-800 onawo womabili amasegimenti okucubungula ashisayo nabandayo. Kufaka phakathi ukwakhiwa kwesithando somlilo esivuselelwe kabusha esiklanywe ngokukhethekile esisebenzisa kabusha amagesi okukhipha umoya ukuze kuncishiswe ukusetshenziswa kukaphethiloli; izinto zokusebenza ezigoqiwe ezishisayo; kanye nokusika, ukugaya, ukufudumeza ingilazi, nezinye izinyathelo ezidingekayo ukuze kwenziwe ingilazi yamamojula engilazi ekabili neyengilazi eyodwa.
I-Solarcycle akuyena yedwa umhlinzeki wengilazi ofuna ukuzuza ngokusebenzisa izinto ezigaywe kabusha. I-CPS yaseCanada iphinde yathi ihlela ukusebenzisa i-glass cullet egaywe kabusha evela emithonjeni yangaphandle emikhiqizweni yayo kuyilapho okufana ne-AGC yaseJapan kanye ne-Saint Gobain nazo zimemezele amaphrojekthi.
Lokhu okuqukethwe kuvikelwe yi-copyright futhi akumele kuphinde kusetshenziswe. Uma ufuna ukubambisana nathi futhi ungathanda ukuphinda usebenzise okunye okuqukethwe kwethu, sicela uthinte: editors@pv-magazine.com.
Umthombo ovela pv umagazini
Umshwana wokuzihlangula: Ulwazi olubekwe ngenhla lunikezwa i-pv-magazine.com ngaphandle kwe-Chovm.com. I-Chovm.com ayenzi izethulo namawaranti mayelana nekhwalithi nokuthembeka komdayisi nemikhiqizo.
