Amathiphu Awusizo Wokukhetha Iloli Lempahla Elilungile

Izigidigidi zamathani ezimpahla zithuthwa ngamaloli ziye ezindaweni eziya kulo lonke elase-United States minyaka yonke. Ngokusho kwe Inhlangano yamaloli yaseMelika, amaloli athuthe cishe u-72.6% wempahla yase-US ngesisindo ngo-2022. Lokho kuyivolumu engaphezu kwempahla ethwalwa ngesitimela, ebangela 28% ukuhamba kwempahla okuphelele ngamathani amamayela.

Ngakho-ke, ukuze uphumelele ebhizinisini lanamuhla lokuncintisana, ukuthenga iloli elifanele kubalulekile. Lo mhlahlandlela obanzi uxoxa ngezinto ezibalulekile okufanele uzicabangele ngaphambi kokukhetha iloli elithwala impahla, kanye nezinhlobo ezahlukene zamaloli athwala impahla atholakalayo emakethe namuhla. Izophinde ibheke uhlaka lwemakethe yamaloli ezimpahla emhlabeni jikelele. Ake siqale.

Okuqukethwe
Sibutsetelo sikasayizi wemakethe yamaloli ezimpahla
Izinhlobo ezahlukene zamaloli ezimpahla
Izinto ezibalulekile okufanele uzicabangele lapho ukhetha iloli elithwala impahla
Isiphetho

Sibutsetelo sikasayizi wemakethe yamaloli ezimpahla

Iloli elithwala impahla, ngezinye izikhathi elaziwa ngokuthi iloli elithwala impahla, iyimoto esetshenziselwa ukuthutha impahla isuka kwenye indawo iye kwenye. Iyakwazi ukusebenza ngaphandle komgwaqo futhi isetshenziswa kakhulu embonini yezokuthutha.

Imakethe yamaloli ezimpahla ibilokhu ikhula ngendlela emangalisayo kule minyaka embalwa edlule, futhi ayimi noma nini maduze. Ngokuvumelana ne I-Brainy Insights, imakethe yamaloli wezimpahla ibibiza i-USD 2,586.73 billion ngo-2022, futhi abahlaziyi balindele ukuthi ikhule ifinyelele ku-USD 5530.97 billion ngo-2032 ngesilinganiso sokukhula sonyaka esihlanganisiwe (CAGR) sika-6.83%.

Ukukhula okukhulu kuthonywe intuthuko yezobuchwepheshe, ngabakhiqizi bamaloli abakhipha amamodeli abonisa umthamo ongcono wokulayisha kanye nobuchwepheshe obuthuthukisa ukusebenza nokusebenza kwamaloli.

Ukuthenga nge-inthanethi nakho kubambe iqhaza ekukhuliseni usayizi wemakethe yamaloli ezimpahla emhlabeni jikelele. Lokhu sekuholele ekwenyukeni kwezimpahla zokuthutha impahla ngenxa yokuduma kwendlela yokulethwa kwezidingo emakhaya. Abanye abadlali ababalulekile kule ngxenye bahlanganisa iDeutsche Post AG, FedEx, USPS, kanye ne-Old Dominions.

Izinhlobo ezahlukene zamaloli ezimpahla

Kunezigaba ezahlukene lapho amaloli athwala impahla angahlukaniswa khona, okuhlanganisa nalokhu okulandelayo:

1. Amaloli angama-Semi

A i-semi truck, futhi ebizwa ngokuthi i-semi-trailer, 18-wheeler, big rig, noma i-tractor trailer, iloli elithwala impahla elivame kakhulu emgwaqeni. I-trailer ayinayo i-ekseli yangaphambili kodwa ihlezi emasondweni ayo ngemuva. Isisindo sayo esisele sisekelwa i-loli cab, engase ihlukaniswe noma yehliswe.

Amaloli amancane angadonsa ama-trailer angaphezu kweyodwa, okuwenza akwazi ukuthwala impahla eyengeziwe. Bangakwazi ukuthutha impahla esukela ezintweni ezithengwayo iye ezintweni zokwakha. Lokhu kuguquguquka kwenza iloli eliyi-semi-loli lilungele ukuthuthwa kwempahla ekude.

2. Amaloli ane-Flatbed

A isicaba iyiloli elisindayo elinomzimba oyisicaba ngokuphelele futhi osobala, ngokungafani ne-trailer evaliwe. Isitayela somzimba wombhede ovulekile senza ukulayisha nokulayisha izimpahla kusheshe futhi kube lula.

Amaloli ane-Flatbed ayasebenza ekuthutheni izimpahla ezisindayo ezingaboli noma ezingenwa kalula yimvula. Akulungele futhi ukuthwala imithwalo engajwayelekile emikhulu kakhulu ukuthi ingangena endaweni evaliwe yempahla, njengesiqukathi.

3. Izitebhisi zezinyathelo

A isitebhisi kungolunye uhlobo lweloli elithwala impahla elisetshenziswa namuhla. Kuyi-trailer evulekile, njengeloli eline-flatbed, kodwa yakhelwe ngamaleveli amabili. Izinga eliphezulu lingehla liye ezingeni eliphansi, okuvumela ukuthuthwa kwemithwalo emide yempahla.

Kulula ukulayisha nokulayisha impahla endaweni yenethiwekhi yesitebhisi. Lamaloli ajwayele ukuthwala izimoto, ama-excavators, ogandaganda, izinto zokwakha kanye nemishini yezolimo.

4. Amaveni omile

A iveni elomile iyiloli elingenasiqandisi kanye nomzimba ovalekile onophahla ukuze kuvikelwe izimpahla ezisendleleni ekuchayekeni ezingxenyeni ezingaphandle. Lawa maveni ezimpahla ngokuvamile athutha amabhokisi noma amaphalethi aqukethe ifenisha, izinto zikagesi, izingubo zokugqoka, nezinto ezingaboli. Bangakwazi ukuthutha izimpahla eziningi kunamaveni amaningi abagibeli.

5. Reefers

Nakuba iveni elomile lingenayo iyunithi yokulawula isimo sezulu ebhodini, a iloli ye-reefer inesiqandisi. Iloli linendawo yomthwalo elawulwa izinga lokushisa exhunywe endlini yokuthwala impahla ebolayo.

Ikhabethe lakhona lineyunithi elawula izinga lokushisa okufanele umshayeli ayiqaphe njalo ukuze izinto zingaboli. Lokhu kwenza i-reefer ibe iloli elifanele lokuthutha izinto ezizwela ukushisa njengomuthi nokudla.

6. Amaloli amabhokisi

Kusukela egameni layo, a iloli yebhokisi ibonakala ngendawo yayo yempahla emise okwebhokisi exhunywe kuhlaka lweloli. Ivamise ukuba mancane kunezinye izinhlobo zamaloli athwala impahla.

Amaloli amabhokisi adumile ekulethweni kwasendaweni ngoba angakwazi ukuzulazula emigwaqweni emincane nasemakhoneni aminyene ezindaweni zasemadolobheni. Iningi lamabhizinisi liwasebenzisela ukuthutha impahla ezindaweni ezikude. Bangakwazi ukufeza izidingo ezinjengokulethwa kwemayela lokugcina, izinto zikagesi zasendlini kanye nokulethwa kwefenisha, ukulethwa kokudla, kanye nezinsizakalo zokuthutha izindlu.

7. Amathangi

Kunezinhlobo ezimbili zamathangi: amathangi angama-liquid kanye nawomile ngobuningi. Amathangi oketshezi zisetshenziselwa ukuthutha uketshezi noma igesi lapho ziya khona. Kuhlanganisa amathangi amanzi, amathangi kaphethiloli, namathangi e-LPG.

Ngokolunye uhlangothi, amathangi amaningi omile asetshenziselwa ukuthutha impahla eyomile, engaqinile njengamapulangwe epulasitiki, okusanhlamvu, usimende, noma ama-mineral ore.

Ngokungafani namaloli amabhokisi, amathangi anomumo oyi-cylindrical, enziwe nge-aluminium, futhi angenziwa ngokwezifiso ngamakamelo amaningi okugcina. Ngokuya ngohlobo lwezimpahla, umkhumbi ungafakwa insimbi, ucindezelwe, noma ufakwe esiqandisini.

Izinto ezibalulekile okufanele uzicabangele lapho ukhetha iloli elithwala impahla

Ngaphambi kokuthenga iloli elithwala impahla, amabhizinisi kufanele acabangele izici ezibalulekile ezilandelayo ukuze enze isinqumo esinolwazi:

1. Qonda izidingo zempahla

Lapho uthenga iloli elithwala impahla, izidingo eziqondile zebhizinisi kufanele zibhekwe. Izinto ezingase zibe nomthelela ekusebenzeni kahle komsebenzi kufanele zihlaziywe ngokucophelela ngaphambi kokutshala imali okubalulekile ekuthengeni iloli elisha.

Isibonelo, isisindo somthwalo kanye nosayizi yizici ezibalulekile. Ngokucabangela isisindo, izinkampani zingakhetha iloli elingakwazi ukudonsa impahla ngokuphepha ngaphandle kokweqa umkhawulo odingekayo.

Ngakho-ke, kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukuthi umthwalo uhlangabezana nomthamo omkhulu wokukhokhelwa wemoto. Ukwengeza, ukucatshangelwa kosayizi nomthamo kuqinisekisa ukuthi indawo isetshenziswa ngendlela efanele, okwandisa ukusebenza kahle lapho kuthuthwa impahla.

Uhlobo lwempahla lusiza nokunquma iloli elifanele lempahla. Impahla ingabola noma ingaboli.

Ezimpahleni ezibolayo, amakhasimende angakhetha iloli eliyisipesheli elithwala impahla, njengeloli eliqandisiwe. Izimpahla ezingaboli, ngakolunye uhlangothi, zingathuthwa kusetshenziswa amaloli ajwayelekile ezimpahla. Amanye amaloli ayisipesheli afanelekile uma ephethe izimpahla ezithwala impahla ezintekenteke njengengilazi ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthutha okuphephile nokuvikelekile.

I-2. Ukuqina

Isikhathi sokuphila sika-a iloli kuyisici esibalulekile okufanele sicatshangelwe ngenkathi uthenga iloli ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi ifeza injongo yayo isikhathi eside futhi inikeza ukusebenza okuhle kakhulu. Lokhu kuqinisekisa ubude beloli kanye nebhizinisi ngokwalo, ngaphandle kokuhixa.

Iloli kufanele likwazi ukusebenza kahle ezimweni zezulu ezahlukene kanye nezwe ngaphandle kokuphazamisa ukuphepha noma ukusebenza kahle kwalo.

Kufanele futhi yenziwe ngezinto ezihlala isikhathi eside, ibe nokwakhiwa okuqinile, futhi ifake izingxenye ezingamelana nokuguga okuvamile nokuklebhuka ekusetshenzisweni okuvamile. Ekugcineni, izindleko zokulungisa kufanele zibe zincane ngokunciphisa izitobhi zamagalaji njalo nokulungiswa okuvela ekulimaleni kwezimoto ngaphambi kwesikhathi.

3. Izici zeloli le-Cargo

Hlola izici zeloli lempahla ngaphambi kokunquma ngemodeli efanele. Izici okufanele uzibheke zihlanganisa amandla enjini, ukusebenza kahle kukaphethiloli, nosayizi wombhede wempahla.

Amandla enjini anquma ukuthi iloli likwazi kangakanani ukuthutha impahla amabanga athile. Khetha iloli elinamandla enjini engeziwe lapho uthutha imithwalo emikhulu efana nemishini esindayo, ikakhulukazi emabangeni amade, ngaphandle kwanoma yiziphi izinselele.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, a iloli eyonga uphethiloli ithuthukisa izindleko zokusebenza ngenkathi inciphisa ukukhishwa kwekhabhoni. Iphinde yonga ezindlekweni zikaphethiloli ngenkathi iqinisekisa inqubo yokuthutha eqhubekayo ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.

Usayizi wombhede wezimpahla uthinta ngqo umthamo wokulayisha weloli kanye nokuguquguquka. Iloli elinosayizi omkhulu wombhede lingathwala izimpahla eziningi ngohambo ngalunye, okunciphisa inani lohambo oludingekayo ukuze ilethe yonke impahla.

Ngaphandle kokonga isikhathi, ikhulisa umthwalo ongathwalwa ohambweni olulodwa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, amanye amaloli angafika namasayizi ombhede alungisekayo ukuze anikeze ukuguquguquka lapho ephatha izinhlobo ezihlukahlukene zezimpahla, kusukela kokukhulu kakhulu kuye kwezincane.

4. Amaloli amasha vs asetshenzisiwe

Lapho ethola iloli elithwala impahla, amabhizinisi angase alungele inselele yokukhetha phakathi kweloli elisha nelike lasetshenziswa. Iloli ngalinye lalawa linobuhle nobubi balo okungaba nomthelela ekusebenzeni kahle kwezindleko nokusebenza kahle kwezimpahla zokuthutha.

Amaloli amasha anikeza izinzuzo eziningi ezihlukahlukene, njengomnotho ongcono kaphethiloli, ubuchwepheshe obusha, nokuphepha kwezimoto okuthuthukisiwe. Futhi kubiza kancane ukulungisa ngenxa yeziqinisekiso ezinikezwa abakhiqizi. Nokho, intengo yabo yokuqala ephezulu yokuthenga ingase ibe inselele kwamanye amabhizinisi.

Ngokuphambene, amaloli asetshenzisiwe hlinzeka ngenketho evumelana nesabelomali ngenkathi usanikeza ukusebenza kweloli elisha. Izindlela ezihlukile zamasekeni zivame ukushibhile, okwenza amabhizinisi ahlukanise izinsiza kweminye imisebenzi. Ukwengeza, amaloli asetshenzisiwe ancipha kancane kunamasha.

Nakuba amaloli asetshenzisiwe enikeza amathuba anamandla okonga imali, angase adinge ukukhandwa nokunakekelwa njalo uma kuqhathaniswa namaloli amasha futhi antule izici zakamuva kumamodeli amasha.

5. Izici zokuphepha

Kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukuphepha kweloli elithwala impahla ukuze kuvikelwe umshayeli nezimpahla ezisendleleni. Ngokubeka ukuphepha kuqala, amabhizinisi angakwazi ukuzulazula ezingozini ezihlobene nemisebenzi yezokuthutha.

Amaloli athwala impahla afakwe izinto zokuphepha ezisezingeni eliphezulu njengama-airbag, blind spot monitoring, anti-lock braking (ABS), stability, kanye ne-adaptive cruise control, ezithuthukisa ukuphepha kwabashayeli futhi zinciphise amathuba okushayisana noma ezinye izigameko zomgwaqo uma uthutha impahla.

Isiphetho

Lesi sihloko sichaze izinhlobo ezahlukene zamaloli athwala impahla nezinto okufanele zibhekwe lapho uthenga iloli elithwala impahla. Abanikazi bamabhizinisi kufanele bahlole izinto ezifana nezidingo zempahla, izindleko, ukunakekelwa, kanye nezici zamaloli ukuze benze inqubo yabo yokukhetha iloli ibe lula.

Ngokucabangela lezi zici, amabhizinisi angaqinisekisa umsebenzi wezokuthutha ongenakucindezeleka kuyilapho ekhulisa inzuzo yawo. Vakashela Chovm.com namuhla ukuthola anhlobonhlobo amaloli wezimpahla ezithengiswa ngobuningi.