Uguquko lwamandla omhlaba lulahlekelwe ngamandla ngenxa yokungaqiniseki okwandayo emhlabeni wonke, ngokusho kombiko omusha weWorld Economic Forum (WEF). Nakuba amazwe angu-107 kwangu-120 aphawulwe embikweni abonise inqubekelaphambili ohambweni lwawo lokushintsha amandla kule minyaka eyishumi edlule, ijubane lilonke lenguquko lehlile futhi ukulinganisa izici zalo ezihlukene kuseyinselelo enkulu.
Ukuntengantenga komnotho, ukushuba kwesimo sezwe kanye nokushintshashintsha kwezobuchwepheshe konke kube nomthelela, okwenza kube nzima isivinini kanye nomgudu wakho. Nokho, kunesizathu esithile sokuba nethemba, ngokusho kombiko, ngokwanda kokutshalwa kwezimali komhlaba wonke ezintweni ezivuselelekayo kanye nokukhula okuphawulekayo kokusebenza koshintsho lwamandla e-Afrika eseningizimu ye-Sahara kule minyaka eyishumi edlule.
The 14th uhlelo lonyaka lombiko weForamu, i-Fostering Effective Energy Transition 2024, eshicilelwe ngokubambisana ne-Accenture, isebenzisa i-Energy Transition Index (ETI) ukuze ilinganise amazwe ayi-120 ekusebenzeni kwezinhlelo zawo zamanje zamandla, ngokugxila ekulinganiseni ukulingana, ukusimama kwemvelo kanye nokuphepha kwamandla, kanye nokulungela kwawo izinguquko. Okusha kulo nyaka embikweni "kuyizindlela ezilungiselelwe" zokuhlaziya izici eziqondene nezwe elithile, okuhlanganisa izinga lemali engenayo nezinsiza zamandla zendawo, ukuze kuhlinzekwe izincomo eziqondene nesifunda esithile.
Izikolo ze-ETI 2024. I-Europe isaqhubeka nokuhola amazinga e-ETI, ngohlu oluyi-10 oluphezulu lwango-2024 oluhlanganiswe ngokuphelele namazwe avela kuleso sifunda. ISweden (1) neDenmark (2) zihamba phambili ngokukleliswa, zombili zibekwe emazweni amathathu aphezulu unyaka ngamunye kule minyaka eyishumi edlule. Balandelwa yiFinland (3), Switzerland (4) neFrance (5). Lawa mazwe azuza ekuzibophezeleni okuphezulu kwezombusazwe, ukutshalwa kwezimali okuqinile ocwaningweni nasekuthuthukisweni, ukwamukelwa okunwetshiwe kwamandla ahlanzekile—okusheshiswa isimo sesifunda sezwe, izinqubomgomo zokusebenzisa amandla kagesi kanye nentengo yekhabhoni. I-France isanda kungena kwabahlanu abahamba phambili, ngezinyathelo zakamuva zokonga ugesi ezinciphisa ukushuba kwamandla onyakeni odlule.
Phakathi kwezomnotho ze-G20, iJalimane (11), iBrazil (12), i-United Kingdom (13), i-China (17) kanye ne-United States (19) ijoyina i-France ku-ETI ephezulu engama-20, kanye nabasanda kungena eLatvia (15) kanye neChile (20), abakhuthazwe ukwanda kwamandla kagesi avuselelekayo.
I-China ne-Brazil ithuthuke kakhulu eminyakeni yamuva, ngokuyinhloko iqhutshwa yimizamo yesikhathi eside yokwandisa isabelo samandla ahlanzekile kanye nokuthuthukisa ukuthembeka kwegridi yabo. Ukuzibophezela okuqhubekayo kwe-Brazil kumandla ophehlwa ngamanzi kanye nama-biofuels, izinyathelo zakamuva kumandla elanga, kanye nezinhlelo eziklanyelwe ukudala amathuba amasha kube ukhiye ekuheheni ukutshalwa kwezimali. Ngo-2023, i-China yaphinde yakhuphula kakhulu amandla ayo avuselelekayo futhi yaqhubeka nokukhula nokutshala imali emandleni ayo okukhiqiza ngobuchwepheshe obuhlanzekile obufana namabhethri ezimoto zikagesi, amaphaneli elanga, izinjini zomoya kanye nobunye ubuchwepheshe obubalulekile. I-China, kanye ne-US kanye ne-India, nayo iyahola ekuthuthukiseni izixazululo ezintsha zamandla kanye nobuchwepheshe.
Igebe kuwo wonke amaphuzu e-ETI linciphile phakathi kweminotho ethuthukile nesathuthuka futhi “isikhungo se-gravity” soguquko siya emazweni asathuthuka. Kodwa-ke, ukutshalwa kwezimali kwamandla ahlanzekile kuyaqhubeka nokugxilwa kwezomnotho ezithuthukile naseChina. Lokhu kugcizelela isidingo sokusekelwa ngezimali okuvela emazweni athuthukile ukuze kube lula ukushintshwa kwamandla alinganayo emazweni asafufusa nasathuthuka kanye nokwenza inqubomgomo yokucabanga phambili kuwo wonke amazwe ukuze kugqugquzelwe izimo zokutshalwa kwezimali ezifanele ngempela, kusho i-WEF. Njengoba singekho isixazululo esikhona emhlabeni wonke, izinqubomgomo zingafanelana nezidingo ezihlukile zezwe ngalinye, ngokusekelwe ezintweni ezifana nezinga lemali engenayo, izinsiza zamandla zikazwelonke kanye nezidingo, kanye nesimo sesifunda.
Amazwe aphezulu angama-20 ku-ETI 2024. Isilinganiso somhlaba wonke samaphuzu e-ETI sifinyelele irekhodi eliphezulu. Kodwa-ke, ukwehla kwejubane lokushintshwa kwamandla emhlabeni jikelele, okutholwe okokuqala ngo-2022, kukhule kakhulu onyakeni odlule. Umbiko wezi-2024 ukhombisa ukuthi ukuthuthuka kweminyaka emithathu kwamaphuzu e-ETI omhlaba phakathi kuka-2021-2024 cishe kungaphansi ngokuphindwe kane kunokwenyuka kwesikhathi sika-2018-2021. Ngaphezu kwalokho, umbiko ukhombisa ukuthi amazwe angama-83% athole amaphuzu aphansi kunangonyaka odlule okungenani kokukodwa kobukhulu bokusebenza okuyisisekelo koguquko lwamandla: ukusimama, ukulingana nokuvikeleka.
Nakuba umhlaba usamile ekufezeni izifiso ze-net-zero ngo-2050 futhi ugcine ukufudumala kwembulunga yonke kungabi ngaphezu kuka-1.5C, njengoba bekubiziwe esivumelwaneni saseParis, kube nenqubekelaphambili ebonakalayo ekusebenzeni kahle kwamandla kanye nokwanda okuphawulekayo kokwamukelwa kwemithombo yamandla ahlanzekile. Umfutho wokushintsha kwamandla wehliswe yizithiyo ekulinganeni kwamandla, okuqhutshwa ukukhuphuka kwamanani kagesi eminyakeni yakamuva. Ukuphepha kwamandla kuyaqhubeka nokuhlolwa ukungezwani kwezwe.
Ukuqamba izinto ezintsha kuyisici esibalulekile esivumela ukushintshwa kwamandla futhi kunganciphisa izindleko, kulinganise ubuchwepheshe obubalulekile, kuvuselele futhi kusebenze kabusha abasebenzi futhi kuhehe ukutshalwa kwezimali. Naphezu kokwehla kwakamuva kwenqubekela phambili yokusungula izinto ezintsha kanye nokwehla kokutshalwa kwezimali kokuqala emhlabeni wonke ngo-2023, kunezindawo lapho ukusungulwa kuthuthuka ngesivinini, njengombiko omusha.
Ukuqamba okusha kwedijithali, okubandakanya i-AI ekhiqizayo, kunikeza amathuba abalulekile okugcwalisa lesi sikhala futhi kusungulwe kabusha imboni yamandla ngokuthuthukisa ukukhiqiza. Ikhono le-Generative AI lokuhlaziya inani elikhulu ledatha linganikeza izibikezelo ezintsha nezisombululo, noma kuqondise imisebenzi ekhona ukuze kwandiswe ukusebenza kahle, phakathi kwezinye izinzuzo. Kodwa-ke, ukuze sifeze leli khono ngokugcwele, kuzobaluleka ukubhekana ngokuzibophezela nangokulinganayo ubungozi kanye nezinselelo ezilethwa lobu buchwepheshe.
I-Energy Transition Index ihlinzeka ngohlaka oluqhutshwa yidatha ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukuqonda kokusebenza nokulungela kwezinhlelo zamandla omhlaba zoshintsho. I-ETI ihlanganisa amazwe ayi-120 ngokokusebenza kwawo kwamanje kwesistimu yamandla kanye nokulungela uguquko futhi amazwe athola amaphuzu kuzo zonke izinkomba ezingama-46. Lawa mazwe akhethwa ngokusekelwe ekutholakaleni kwedatha yenkomba engaguquki emithonjeni ehlukahlukene engaphezu kwenani eliphansi lezinkomba kuhlangothi ngalunye lwenkomba. Ukusebenza kwesistimu kukalwe ngokulinganayo kukho konke ukulingana, ukuphepha nokusimama.
Ukulungela uguquko kuhlukaniswe ngamaqembu amabili: amandla ayinhloko kanye nezici ezivumelayo. Izinto ezibalulekile zifaka imithethonqubo nokuzibophezela kwezepolitiki, kanye nezezimali kanye nokutshalwa kwezimali. Izinto ezisizayo zihlanganisa ukusungula izinto ezintsha, ingqalasizinda, kanye nemfundo kanye nenani labantu. Iphuzu lokugcina le-ETI lezwe liyinhlanganisela yamaphuzu ayo ezikhombeni ezimbili ezincane zokusebenza kwesistimu kanye nokulungela ukuguquka, okukalwe ku-60% no-40% ngokulandelana.
Umthombo ovela I-Green Car Congress
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