Kunjalo ukubusa kweChina ekukhiqizeni nasekuthengisweni kwe-EV umkhakha wezwe onganciphisa kakhulu ukukhishwa kwe-CO2 emhlabeni jikelele.
Ngenkathi i-European Union (EU) isanda kwethula amanani entengo yokuthengwa kwezimoto zikagesi zaseChina (EV) ihlangatshezwane nokwamukelwa ngendlela ebanda ngendlela emangalisayo eBeijing, iChinese Chamber of Commerce ku-EU izwakalisa "ukushaqeka, ukudumala okukhulu kanye nokungeneliseki okujulile ngesinyathelo sokuhweba ngokuvikela", ayifihli inselelo abakhiqizi bezimoto base-Europe abazoba nayo ezandleni zabo emhlabeni jikelele. imboni yezimoto.
Kusukela ngomhlaka-4 Julayi, amanani entengo kuma-EVs amabhethri (BEVs) angaphezulu kwezintengo ezikhona zika-10% ekuthengisweni kwazo zonke izimoto ezintsha eziya e-EU - zisuka e-China noma ngenye indlela. Kuhloswe ngabo ukunqanda ukugcwala kwemakethe yama-EVs ase-Europe ngamamodeli aseShayina athengekayo athuthukiswe ngokungafanele, abakhiqizi bezimoto baseYurophu bayaphikisana, ngokusekelwa okukhulu kombuso. Ekuqaleni, amanani entengo ayesukela ku-17.4% (kumamodeli we-BYD) kuya ku-38.1% wokunisela amehlo (kumamodeli e-SAIC).
Zibuyiselwe emuva kancane, kodwa hhayi ngaphambi kokudala ukukhuphuka kwezinga ekuthengisweni njengoba abathengi base-Europe baphuthuma ukuyothenga ngaphambi kokuthi lesi sinyathelo siqale ukusebenza, amamaki aseShayina aba nerekhodi elingu-11% lokuthengiswa kwe-EV yase-Europe ngoJuni.
Yize leso sibalo sehlile ngokuqondakalayo selokhu kwethulwa amanani entengo, sibonisa nokho ukuthi i-China ingenelele kangakanani kuma-EVs aseYurophu - futhi, ngempela, imakethe yezimoto ebanzi - eminyakeni yamuva nje.
Ngokusho kwe-IEA, i-China yabala ngaphezu kwesigamu sokuthengiswa kwe-EV emhlabeni wonke ngo-2023, ngaphambi kwe-Europe ngaphezudlwana kwama-20% kanye ne-US ngo-9%. Lokho kuhola kwesabelo semakethe kulindeleke ukuthi kwehle kancane eminyakeni ezayo kodwa kusalokhu kuqinile, ngesibikezelo se-IEA sokuthi iChina izolawula cishe u-40% wokuthengiswa kwe-EV emhlabeni wonke ngo-2030.
I-China izuze kanjani ukubusa kwama-EVs
Uma uxoxa ngokuthuthuka kwe-EV yase-China yamanje, kubalulekile ukuqonda ukuthi izwe lifike kanjani ekubuseni isitoreji samandla ebhethri kanye nezimakethe ze-EV.
Umhlaziyi wezinguquko ze-GlobalData uClarice Brambilla uyachaza: “I-China yaqala ukutshala imali kuma-EV kusukela ngo-2009 lapho izwe linquma ukunikeza izinkampani ze-EV uxhaso lwezezimali, kanye nabathengi ngabanye, ukuze izinkampani zitshale ekuthuthukiseni izinhlobo zazo, futhi amakhasimende akhuthazwe ukuthenga ama-EV esikhundleni sezimoto zenjini evuthayo yangaphakathi (ICE).
“Ngokusho kokubuyekezwa kobuchwepheshe be-MIT, uhulumeni waseShayina uchithe ngaphezu kuka-CN¥200bn (cishe u-$29bn) ekuxhasweni kwe-EV kanye nekhefu lentela. Leli su liveze imiphumela efiselekayo, njengoba, ngo-2022, kwathengiswa ama-EV angaphezu kwezigidi eziyisi-6 eChina, okubalelwa ngaphezu kwengxenye yokuthengiswa kwe-EV emhlabeni jikelele.
“Lokhu kukhula ngokushesha kwasizwa kakhulu wukuthola kwezwe izinto zokusetshenziswa ezidingekayo. Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi ngokusho kwe-Observer Research Foundation, i-China iphethe ngaphansi kwe-7% kuphela yezindawo zokugcina i-lithium emhlabeni. Kodwa-ke, naphezu kwalokhu, izwe lingumthengisi omkhulu kunabo bonke emhlabeni, elicwengisisayo, kanye nomthengi we-lithium.
“Kusukela ngo-2018 izinkampani zaseChina zithenga izimayini ezinkulukazi ze-lithium emhlabeni okubalwa kuzo ezimbili e-Argentina, ezintathu eCanada, ezimbili e-Australia, eyodwa eZimbabwe neyodwa e-DRC. Kungenxa yalelisu lokuthola izinto, kanye nokukhiqizwa kwayo, lapho i-China ikwazile ukuhlinzeka ngo-70% wokukhiqizwa kwe-lithium emhlabeni, okuyinto ngokuyinhloko ethengisa kubakhiqizi bayo basekhaya bebhethri ye-lithium.
"Zonke lezi zinto zihlangene zivumele izwe ukuthi lilawule imakethe ye-EV."
Eqinisweni, njenge-GlobalData's 2023 Amabhethri amanothi ombiko, ukulawula kweShayina komkhakha wamabhethri akuyisizi nje kuphela ukuthi yakhe amandla embonini yama-EVs, kodwa sekuyinkinga ekhulayo yezwe. Kokubili i-US ne-Europe bathatha izinyathelo zokunciphisa ukuncika e-China phakathi kwamaketanga abo okunikezwa kwamabhethri.http://www.youtube.com/embed/mxRBEPE51VU?si=wrgWwck_EMwVdh_A
Kusho ukuthini ukubusa kwe-EVs yaseChina ngoguquko oluluhlaza
Mayelana nemithelela ebanzi yokubusa kweShayina, u-Brambilla uyaphawula: “Ukusuka ezimotweni ze-ICE kuye kuma-EV ngokusobala kuyisinyathelo esibheke endleleni efanele yokushintsha kwamandla omhlaba. Ukuncishiswa kokungcola emkhakheni wezokuthutha, e-China nasemhlabeni jikelele, kusiza ukusheshisa inqubekelaphambili efinyelela ku-zero yonke.
“Ngokujwayelekile, ingqalasizinda ekhulayo yaseShayina yezinhlelo zokugcina amandla ebhethri, kanye nokutholakala okuningi kwezinto ezingavuthiwe yizici ezinhle ngezizathu eziningi. Okokuqala, bavumela ukutholwa okukhulu kobunye ubuchwepheshe obuvuselelekayo obufana nelanga nomoya, njengoba ukusebenza kwabo kukhula ngokutholakala kwezinketho zokugcina. Okwesibili, bavumela ukukhiqizwa kwe-EV ukuthi kuqhubeke nokuhlangabezana nesidingo esikhulayo, okwenza kube lula ukuthi i-China ifinyelele umgomo wayo wezimoto ezisebenza ngogesi ngokugcwele ezingama-90% ngo-2035. "
I-IEA iphakamisa ukuthi ukukhishwa kwe-CO2 emhlabeni jikelele okuvela emkhakheni wezokuthutha emgwaqeni kumele kwehle cishe ngamaphesenti angama-90 ngo-2050 ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nezinhloso zesimo sezulu, okwenza ukuncipha cishe ngama-50-60% ngo-2035 uma kuqhathaniswa namazinga amanje kuyisidingo esifanele.
Ngo-2035, i-BloombergNEF ilinganisela ukuthi cishe amaphesenti angu-60 azo zonke izimoto zabagibeli emgwaqeni zizoba ngama-EV - cishe ezigidini ezingu-700 - nokuthi cishe u-40-50% walezo (izigidi ezingu-300-250) kuzoba amaShayina.
Njengoba ukukhishwa kwezinto zokuthutha emgwaqeni kubangele cishe u-5.9Gt wokukhishwa kwe-CO2 ngo-2021, okwakumele cishe u-15-16% wengqikithi yokukhishwa kwe-CO36.3 yomhlaba wonke kwe-2Gt, akubuzwa ukuthi i-China ingaba nesibopho sokunciphisa ukukhishwa kwezimoto ze-CO2 esifundeni esingu-1.5Gt.
Lokho kungamela ngaphezu kuka-4% wenani le-2021 lokukhishwa kwegesi eliphelele uma kufinyelelwa - inani elimangalisayo lanoma yiliphi izwe elilodwa kunoma yimuphi umkhakha owodwa. Ngempela, amanani entengo aqinile e-EU kuma-EV aseShayina - kungakhathaliseki ukuthi aqinile ngokwezomnotho noma ngenye indlela - angabonakala ebambezela ngempumelelo amandla amakhulu oguquko oluluhlaza embonini yezimoto.
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