Iyini i-ERP futhi Isebenza Kanjani?

Ukuqhuba ibhizinisi eliphumelelayo kungase kubonakale kunzima kakhulu. Ukungabikho kwendlela efanelekile yokunciphisa ukuphatha kufakazela lokhu kuyiqiniso. Isibonelo, ukwenza imisebenzi eyahlukene ngokuzimela, njengokuphathwa kwempahla, ukuhlela izinsiza zokukhiqiza, nezinsiza zabantu, kungaba nzima futhi kukhathaze.

Ngenxa yalokhu, ukusetshenziswa kwezinhlelo ze-ERP kunganciphisa izindleko zokusebenza cishe 23 amaphesenti ngokwesilinganiso. Sesikushilo lokho, le ndatshana izochaza i-ERP, bese ichaza ukuthi isebenza kanjani nokuthi kungani amabhizinisi kufanele ayamukele.

Okuqukethwe
Iyini i-ERP (Enterprise Resource Planning)?
Lusebenza kanjani uhlelo lwe-ERP?
Kungani I-ERP Ibalulekile kumabhizinisi?
Izinhlobo ezi-3 zezinhlelo ze-ERP
Amathrendi okuthuthukiswa kwe-ERP
Iphuzu elingezansi

Iyini i-ERP (Enterprise Resource Planning)?

ERP iyinkundla ehlanganisiwe enokusebenzelana okujwayelekile komsebenzisi kwezinhlelo zokusebenza ezihlukahlukene ezizenzakalelayo ezididiyelwe ukuthuthukisa izinqubo zokugeleza komsebenzi. Izinqubo zihlanganisa ukuqoqwa kwedatha evela eminyangweni efana nama-akhawunti, ukuthengwa kwempahla, ukuthengisa, ukumaketha, abasebenzi, ukukhiqiza, njll. 

Uhlelo lubekwe endaweni eyodwa, lapho wonke umuntu ekwazi ukuthola ulwazi kuyo yonke iminyango. Ngamagama alula, i-ERP ihlanganisa abantu, izinqubo, nobuchwepheshe ngaphakathi kwebhizinisi lesimanje.

Lusebenza kanjani uhlelo lwe-ERP?

I-ERP isebenza ngokusebenzisa indinganiso echaziwe yokwakheka kwedatha. Iphinde ihambisane namanye amamojula ebhizinisi enkampani yakho futhi isebenza kusizindalwazi esisodwa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ivumela ukuhamba kolwazi lapho idatha ephakelwa esiteshini esisodwa itholakala khona manjalo ukuze abasebenzisi abafanelekile noma abagunyaziwe bayifinyelele. 

Idatha ifinyelelwa yinoma ubani oyidingayo futhi igcina wonke umuntu ekhasini elifanayo mayelana nolwazi. Isibonelo, igalaji elinezitolo eziningi elithenga izingxenye eziyisipele lizobiza amabhuleki “njengamabhuleki angaphambili.” Lapho idatha ifakwa ku-ERP, abasebenzisi abasuka kwezinye izitolo bangabona lapho amabhuleki angaphambili (amapheya angu-13) efunwa, yithi, igaraji E.

Idatha ivamise ukuba sesikhathini sangempela kuyo yonke iminyango noma iziteshi. Abaphathi bangahlaziya ukusebenza kwawo wonke umnyango futhi baphakamise izinguquko lapho kudingeka. 

Nakuba abaphathi bokunikezwayo bangahlobanisa inani lezinto ezitholiwe nezintengo, ithimba labadayisi lingaqinisekisa isitoko. Umnyango wezezimali ungaqhathanisa inani futhi uhlele ukukhipha izimali ezengeziwe ngokusekelwe ekuthengisweni nasekuhluzweni kwempahla.

Inkampani iba lula kakhulu uma ithenga amamojula ahlukene emisebenzi ethile yebhizinisi. Amamojula angahlanganiswa ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukugeleza kwedatha okuzenzakalelayo kuyo yonke i-ERP. 

Amanye amamojula ajwayelekile e-ERP afaka;

• Ezezimali: Ngokuvamile isisekelo sama-ERP amaningi. Iphatha amarekhodi ezezimali njengokulandelela ama-akhawunti akhokhwayo natholakalayo, kanye nokubika kwezezimali.

• Ukuthengwa kwempahla: Ilawula ukuthengwa kwezinto ezingavuthiwe nemikhiqizo eqediwe. Iphinde iqinisekise ukuthi akukho ukuthenga ngokweqile noma ukuthengwa kancane kwemikhiqizo noma izinto zokwakha.

• Ukuphathwa Kwezimali Zabantu: Izinkampani zisebenzisa imojuli ukuze zilawule imininingwane yolwazi lwabasebenzi futhi zilandelele ukubuyekezwa kokusebenza 

Kungani I-ERP Ibalulekile Emabhizinisini?

Mayelana nokuhlanganiswa kwedatha nokwenza ngcono ukuhamba komsebenzi ngokuhlanganisa izinhlelo zokusebenza, i-ERP yenza kube lula ngebhizinisi ukuthi lisebenze. Lonke ulwazi lungaphakelwa futhi lufinyelelwe ngesikhathi sangempela, kususwe emuva naphambili. Izinto ezilandelayo zibonisa ukubaluleka kwe-ERP ezinkampanini.

Ukubonakala kokugeleza komsebenzi kanye nokwenza lula

Isoftware ye-ERP ikhulisa ukubonakala ngaphakathi kweminyango yenkampani. Wonke umuntu okwazi ukufinyelela isofthiwe usekhasini elifanayo ngoba ulwazi luyafana.

Isofthiwe futhi iqeda isidingo sezicelo zokuvuselela njalo ezivela kubaphathi bezinga eliphezulu. Okufanele bakwenze ukungena ohlelweni bese belanda imininingwane efanele.

Ubuhlakani bebhizinisi nokuhlaziya idatha

Ama-ERP athuthukiswa ukuze ahlanganise futhi ahlaziye idatha, umsebenzi odinga ukwenziwa uchwepheshe. Isofthiwe ingahlaziya izitayela futhi isize inkampani ithuthukise ukuhamba komsebenzi emahhovisi angaphambili nangemuva.

Ngokugqamisa ukugada, i-ERP inganikeza izixazululo ezinkingeni zenqubo yochungechunge lokuhlinzeka. Isibonelo, izinto ezidinga ukuthengwa zimfushane ngamayunithi amaningana abangela ukungafani kwentengo.

Ukusebenzisana kweminyango

Izisebenzi ezisebenzisanayo ziyasebenza futhi zizuza okuningi ngesikhathi esifushane. I-ERP ikhuthaza ukwabelana ngolwazi ngesikhathi sangempela nawo wonke umuntu oludingayo. Idatha ingabandakanya izinkontileka, ama-oda okuthenga, amarekhodi wezabasebenzi, nanoma yiluphi ulwazi oluhlobene nemisebenzi yebhizinisi. 

Izinhlobo ezi-3 zezinhlelo ze-ERP

Izinhlobo ezahlukene zezinhlelo ze-ERP zizoncika ezidingweni zebhizinisi. Abanye bangase badinge inkampani ukuba ifake izindleko ezengeziwe, ezinye ezithengekayo noma ezifinyelelekayo.

I-ERP yasendaweni

I-ERP yasendaweni yilapho isoftware imiswa khona indawo yenkampani futhi iphethwe abasebenzi benkampani ngemva kokufakwa kwayo uchwepheshe we-IT. Ukufinyelela ezakhiweni kuqinisekisa ukuvikeleka kwesistimu, futhi kulula ukwengamela imisebenzi. I-ERP yasendaweni idinga ukuthi inkampani ibe nomnyango we-IT ozoqhuba ukunakekelwa okujwayelekile, okuyizindleko.

I-ERP esekelwe efwini

Lolu hlelo lwe-ERP yilapho inkampani yangaphandle iphatha isevisi. Inzuzo ebaluleke kakhulu yalokhu kusetha ukuthi ulwazi lungafinyelelwa kusetshenziswa isiphequluli sewebhu kuma-smartphone noma amathebulethi kunoma iyiphi indawo inqobo nje uma kunoxhumo lwe-inthanethi. 

Izinkampani ezisebenzisa leli fomu le-ERP ngokuvamile zithenga ilayisense noma zibhalisele izikhathi ezithile. Inkampani iqasha amaseva enkampanini yangaphandle, futhi ulwazi lwayo lugcinwa efwini njengomsebenzisi wengqalasizinda oyedwa. 

Akukho ukwabelana nezinye izinkampani, futhi kuvame ukubizwa ngokuthi umqashi oyedwa. Ekusetheni, inkampani inokulawula kwesofthiwe okwengeziwe ngesandla samahhala ukuze yenze ngokwezifiso, idale umsebenzi owengeziwe webhizinisi. 

IHybrid ERP

Uhlelo luhlanganisa endaweni kanye ne-ERP yamafu ukuze kube lula. Ibhizinisi lingakhetha ukudizayina ukuthunyelwa kwe-hybrid okunezigaba ezimbili okugcina isistimu ekhona endlunkulu futhi yabele amasistimu wamafu kumahhovisi esathelayithi noma izinkampani ezingaphansi kwayo.

Noma, izixazululo zamafu zingafanela izidingo ezithile zebhizinisi. Ngenkathi ezinye izimfuno zebhizinisi ezikhethiwe zingase zisebenze kahle ngokufakwa kwezakhiwo. Noma kunjalo, lezi zinhlelo ezimbili kufanele zixhunywe ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukuhamba kahle kwedatha. 

Amathrendi okuthuthukiswa kwe-ERP

Ama-ERP asehambe indlela ende, futhi ukuze awenze afaneleke kakhulu, amathrendi athile azokwenza amasistimu abe yisidingo. Zihlanganisa;

• I-inthanethi yezinto (IoT): I-IoT ibhekisela ekuxhumekeni kwamakhompyutha namanye amadivaysi. I-IoT inikeza ukulandelela idatha ngesikhathi sangempela, ukuphathwa kwempahla, ukusebenza kahle nokunye. Idinga ukufakwa ngesandla okuncane, okunciphisa isidingo sochwepheshe kanye nezindleko ezihambisana naso.

• Ama-ERP eselula: Njengoba abantu abaningi basebenzisa ama-smartphones, kunengqondo ukuthi ama-ERP asebenziseka kalula kufanele abe ikusasa. Namuhla, ama-smartphones anamandla amakhulu okucubungula angakwazi ukuphatha ama-ERP avumela abasebenzi ukuthi basebenze noma yikuphi ngoxhumano lwe-inthanethi oluhle. 

Isibonelo, umphathi angagunyaza izinkokhelo esebenzisa amafoni akhe lapho engekho ehhovisi

• I-Artificial intelligence (AI): Ngokufika kobuchwepheshe obufana ne-Siri, i-Alexa, i-Spotify, i-Xfinity nokuningi, kuyenzeka ukuhlanganisa isofthiwe ehlakaniphile yokwenziwa yomyalo wezwi ne-ERP ukuze wenze umsebenzi.

Iphuzu elingezansi

I-ERP isiyingxenye ebalulekile yezinkampani zanamuhla kanye namabhizinisi asezingeni eliphakathi. Kubonakale kusebenza ngempumelelo ekuhleleni izinqubo nasekuthuthukiseni indawo yokusebenza ngokubambisana kakhulu ngedatha ehleliwe nemisiwe. 

Isici sayo esiyingqayizivele kunazo zonke ukuzenzekelayo kwezinqubo ngenkathi kuhlanganisa izinhlelo zokusebenza ukuze kwakhiwe indawo yokusebenza emaphakathi. Indawo emaphakathi iyisilinganiso sokunciphisa izindleko senkampani esinesiqinisekiso sokuhamba komsebenzi nezinqubo ezifanele.