Yini Engaphansi Komthwalo Wesitsha (LCL)?

Ngisho noma abantu abaningi bengase babe nomuzwa ongacacile wokuthi i-e-commerce idume kangakanani, abaningi bebengeke bakwazi ukulindela ukuthuthuka kwayo okukhulu kakhulu eminyakeni embalwa edlule. Ukuthengiswa kwe-E-commerce e-US ngo-2021 kukhuphuke ngaphezu kwama-50% uma kuqhathaniswa no-2019, ishaye irekhodi elephula irekhodi lama- $ 870 billion. Idatha yokuthengiswa kwe-e-commerce ikhula kakhulu futhi ngokungaguquki emhlabeni wonke kanjalo. Kulindeleke ukuthi ngo-2026, izofinyelela ku-$8.1 trillion emangalisayo ngenxa yesilinganiso sokukhula esisheshayo esingu-56% kusukela ngo-2021.

Ukukhula okunamandla komkhakha wezohwebo nge-inthanethi kusiza ngempela ukuphakamisa zonke ezinye izimboni ezihlobene, njenge ukupakisha kwe-e-commerce kanye nemboni yezokuthutha. Empeleni, ochwepheshe bezimboni sicabanga ukuthi ukusebenza okuqinile kwempahla yasolwandle emhlabeni wonke ngo-2021, ikakhulukazi ukuthunyelwa kwe-LCL- Less than Container Load, kuqhutshwa ngokuyinhloko ukukhula okuqhubekayo kokuthuthukiswa kwe-e-commerce yamazwe ngamazwe. Ukuze uthole umbono ongcono ngokuthi iyini i-LCL, ukuthi isebenza kanjani, izinzuzo nezingozi zayo kanye nomehluko wayo uma iqhathaniswa ne-FCL- indlela Yokulayisha Isiqukathi Esigcwele, kanye nezinketho zayo zezindleko, ake singene sijule ukuze sithole imininingwane.

Okuqukethwe
Incazelo yokulayisha okungaphansi kwe-container (LCL)
Inqubo yokuthutha yokulayisha engaphansi kwesiqukathi
Ngaphansi komthwalo wesitsha esihle nobubi
Ingaphansi komthwalo wesitsha uma iqhathaniswa nomthwalo ogcwele wesitsha - ungakhetha kanjani?
Ngaphansi kwezindleko zomthwalo wesitsha
Isifinyezo esisheshayo

Incazelo yokulayisha okungaphansi kwe-container (LCL)

Ngaphansi komthwalo wesitsha noma i-LCL wuhlobo lwendlela yokuthutha impahla olwandle, eklanyelwe noma yiziphi izimpahla ezingenakwenzeka ngokomnotho ukuze zithathe isikhala esigcwele noma umthamo wesitsha esivamile sokuthutha olwandle (kungaba isitsha esingamafidi angama-20 noma amafidi angama-40). Ngokuhlanganisa ukuthunyelwa kwe-LCL okuningana esiteshini sempahla esithwalayo (i-CFS), ukuthunyelwa kwe-LCL okuningi kwabelana ngesiqukathi esisodwa solwandle futhi kungaphansi kokuhlanganiswa lapho kufinyelelwa endaweni okuyiwa kuyo. I-LCL ihluke ngokuqondile ekulayisheni kwesiqukathi esigcwele (i-FCL)- enye imodi yokuthutha yasolwandle.

Inqubo yokuthumela ye-LCL

1. Ukuthunyelwa isiqinisekiso: Inqubo yokuthunyelwa kwe-LCL iqala ngokubhukha ukuthunyelwa okuvela kubathumeli abahlukene abanezimpahla ezincane. Abathumeli bempahla bamazwe ngamazwe ngokuvamile yibo abenza lokho kuhlanganiswa kwamabhokisi kubathumeli bemikhumbi be-LCL. Imininingwane ephelele yokuthunyelwa kufanele ihlinzekwe ukuze kube lula ukuhlelwa kokuhlanganiswa okuhlanganisa isisindo sempahla, ubuningi, nobukhulu. Ngokuthunyelwa kwemibhalo egcwele yokuthunyelwa, inqubo ye-LCL ingase iqinisekiswe futhi ihlelwe.

2. Ukulungiswa kwempahla: Njengoba indlela yezokuthutha ye-LCL empeleni iyinqubo "yokwabelana", umthumeli ngamunye kufanele aqinisekise ukupakishwa okufanele kokuthunyelwa ngokufanele kusenesikhathi. Ukuthunyelwa kufanele kupakishwe kahle ukuze kube lula ukugcinwa kanye nezinqubo zokuthumela kanye nezimpahla ezivela kwabanye abathumeli.

3. Ukuhlanganiswa: Kulesi sigaba, imithwalo ivamise ukuqoqwa eziteshini zezimpahla ezithwala impahla (CFS), ezisebenza njengezindawo zokuhlanganisa nokuhlanganisa ukuthunyelwa kwe-LCL futhi zivame ukutholakala noma eduze kwechweba lokusuka. Lapho sekuhlanganiswe, ukuthunyelwa kuzodluliselwa ethekwini noma kutheminali yokuthekelisa ngaphambi komnqamulajuqu wokuthumela ozolayishwa ebhodini.

4. Ukuhlanganisa nokulethwa: Isiqukathi sizosuswa ekuhlanganisweni endaweni ye-CFS uma sesifikile esikhumulweni sezindiza. Imithwalo efanele kufanele yehliswe kulesi sigaba futhi izogcinwa ukuze iqoqwe noma kuye ngohlelo lwabathumeli bempahla, idedelwe ukuze ilethwe imayela lokugcina ize iyofika emnyango wabamukeli.

Izinzuzo nezingozi ze-LCL

Izinzuzo ze-LCL

1. Ukonga okwengeziwe: I-LCL ikhokhiswa kuphela umthamo kanye nezikhala izimpahla zakho ezihlala kuzo. Ngakho esikhundleni sokukhokha imali ephansi yesitsha sonke esigcwele ngisho noma kunendawo engasetshenziswa, umuntu udinga kuphela ukukala ukusetshenziswa kwesiqukathi esithwala impahla esifanele ukuze athole isisombululo esingabizi kakhulu.

2. Ukonga okwengeziwe: Amalungiselelo avamile okuthunyelwa kwe-LCL angaqeda isidingo sokuqhubeka nokulinda imikhiqizo ehlukene ukuthi igcwalise isiqukathi esigcwele, okungenzeka ukuthi ngezinye izikhathi kudle isikhathi futhi kungenzeki ngokombono webhizinisi. Ngenxa yalokhu, akugcini nje kugcinwa isikhathi esengeziwe emijikelezweni yomkhiqizo kanye nokulethwa, kodwa futhi nokonga okwengeziwe endaweni yokugcina impahla, njengoba wonke umjikelezo webhizinisi manje uhamba ngokushesha kunokuba uhlale ulindele ukugcwala kwesitsha esigcwele.

3. Izinketho ezengeziwe: I-LCL ingase inikeze izinketho eziningi uma kuqhathaniswa nomthwalo ogcwele weziqukathi (i-FCL), njengoba ngokuvamile kulula futhi kuyashesha ukuhlanganyela, ikakhulukazi phakathi nokuhamba kwethrafikhi ephezulu yokuthutha noma izinkathi zokuthutha eziphakeme kakhulu lapho umthamo wesitsha unomkhawulo yonke indawo.

Ukungalungi kwe-LCL

1. Ukubambezeleka okungenzeka kanye/noma umonakalo: Kunamathuba aphezulu okubambezeleka okungaba khona kanye namaphutha ekuthunyelweni kwe-LCL ngenxa yemvelo yayo yokuhlanganiswa nokuqiniswa okuvame ukuhlanganisa kufika ezinsukwini ezimbalwa zenqubo yokuthutha. Futhi njengoba yabelwana nokuthunyelwa okuningi, izinkinga ezingaba khona zokugunyazwa kwempahla evela kwabanye zingase zibangele ukubambezeleka kuyo yonke inqubo yokudlulisela impahla. Okwamanje, iqiniso lokuthi izimpahla ze-LCL zidinga ukuhanjiswa kaningi lingase lithuthukise amathuba okulahlekelwa noma okonakaliswa kwempahla.

2. Ithegi yentengo ephezulu: Ngokuvamile, ukuthunyelwa kwe-LCL kuza (ngezinye izikhathi) omaka bentengo abaphezulu kakhulu uma kuqhathaniswa ne-FCL ngokwenani leyunithi. Izintengo zeyunithi ngayinye ye-cubic meter (CBM) ye-LCL, ezimweni, zingabiza ngokuphindwe kabili kunezinhlelo ze-FCL ngenxa yenqubo eyengeziwe kanye nesikhathi esidingekayo ukuze kuqoqwe konke ukuthunyelwa kwe-LCL. 

I-LCL vs FCL - ungakhetha kanjani?

Awukho umthetho oqinile futhi osheshayo wokuthi iyiphi imodi yokuthumela okufanele isetshenziswe njengoba incike kakhulu ngezidingo nezimo zebhizinisi. Okulandelayo ezinye zezinto okufanele zicatshangelwe lapho kukhethwa phakathi kwe-LCL ne-FCL:

1. Isikhathi sokuthumela: Ukuthunyelwa kwe-LCL nakanjani kuthatha isikhathi eside sokulethwa uma kuqhathaniswa nokuthunyelwa kwe-FCL ngenxa yezinyathelo ezengeziwe zokuhlanganisa nokuhlanganisa futhi ngokuvamile kudinga ukuhlela okude kanye nesikhathi sokugunyazwa kwamasiko nakho. Ngakho-ke ekulethweni okuzwela isikhathi, i-LCL ingase ingabi inketho engcono kakhulu.

2. Isamba sevolumu yokuthunyelwa: Lokhu kubhekisela kumthamo ophelele wempahla onayo, evame ukukalwa ngama-cubic metres (CBM), ukubalwa kwezindleko zalokhu kuzochazwa ngokuningiliziwe esigabeni esilandelayo. Njengoba iziqukathi eziningi ze-FCL zingamafidi angama-20 noma angama-40, ngokwemvelo ukuthunyelwa kwe-LCL kufanele kube ngaphansi kwezibonelelo zemitha eyi-cubic yalawa masayizi weziqukathi. Isiqukathi esingamamitha angu-20, isibonelo, siza nomthamo ogcwele wama-cubic metres angu-33. Lokhu kusho ukuthi uma usayizi wephakeji yakho ye-LCL ingaphezu kwama-cubic metres ayi-15 ngakho-ke kungadingeka kakhulu ukuthi usebenzise i-FCL esikhundleni salokho.

3. Izindleko zokuthumela: Nakuba lokhu kuhlobene kakhulu nenani eliphelele lokuthunyelwa kwakho, akugcini lapho. Izindleko zokuthumela nazo zingahluka kuye ngohlobo lwesiqukathi. Phela, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi umuntu usebenzisa i-LCL noma i-FCL, imikhiqizo ethile ingaphansi kokunakekelwa okukhethekile okungasetshenziswa kuphela iziqukathi ezikhethekile, isibonelo, izimpahla eziqandisiwe okufanele zithuthwe nge- isitsha se-reefer. Ukucabangela zonke izici ezihlobene nezindleko kuwukhiye wokuhlaziya ngokunembe kakhudlwana izindleko ze-LCL ne-FCL.

4. Ezinye izici ezihlukene: Kwesinye isikhathi kuba nokukhathazeka okwengeziwe ngezimpahla ezithile ngaphezu kwezici ezijwayelekile ezingenhla uma kuziwa ekukhetheni phakathi kwe-LCL ne-FCL njengezidingo zokwenza ngendlela oyifisayo nokukhathazeka ngokuvikeleka. I-FCL ivamise ukuzuza umkhawulo wezidingo ezinjalo ezengeziwe njengoba uthola ukusetshenziswa okukhethekile kuso sonke isiqukathi futhi ngenxa yalokho ngokucatshangelwa kokuphepha okuncane kanye nenkululeko eyengeziwe uma kwenzeka izidingo ezenziwe ngomsiki wengqephu zidingeka.

Izindleko ze-LCL

Ngokusobala, azikho izindleko eziphelele ezijwayelekile ze-LCL njengoba kunenani elithile lezinqumo zezindleko zayo. Ngokombono wokubala wevolumu, ikalwa kakhulu ngama-cubic metres (m³), ngefomula yobude (ngamamitha) ububanzi buka-X (ngamamitha) ubude buka-X (ngamamitha). Ngakho-ke kubalulekile ukuthi abathumeli babike ubukhulu obulungile, umumo, nosayizi wezimpahla kubathumeli bempahla njengoba le datha inomthelela oqondile ezindlekweni zokuthunyelwa kwe-LCL.

Ngokusekelwe emizileni yezokuthutha, ileveli yentengo yeyunithi evamile nge-cubic meter ngayinye ye-LCL ingahluka phakathi kokungu-$25 kuya ku-$140. Futhi iqiniso lokuthi intengo yeyunithi ye-cubic meter yeyunithi ye-LCL iphakeme kune-FCL ikhombisa ukuthi izintengo ze-LCL zonga kakhulu kune-FCL kuze kufike kuvolumu ethile, ngale kwalokho ingase ibe phezulu nakakhulu kunengqikithi yenani lentengo ye-FCL! 

Isibonelo, uma ukuthunyelwa kwe-FCL kubiza cishe u-$2000 kusiqukathi esingamamitha angu-40' esinesilinganiso esiphelele sama-cubic metres angu-69 kanye nenani leyunithi ye-CBM yokuthunyelwa kwe-LCL ingu-$100, kungase konge kunoma yimuphi umthumeli ukuthumela kufikela ku-15-20 CBM kodwa noma yini engaphezu kwalokho ibhekwa njengephakeme noma ingalingani intengo uma iqhathaniswa ne-FCL.

Ngaphezulu kwenani leyunithi ye-CBM, umuntu kufanele aqaphele ukuthi isamba sokubala intengo ye-LCL futhi ikalwa ngesisekelo sesilinganiso se-w/m, okusho ukuthi "isisindo noma isilinganiso" isilinganiso. Isisekelo esinjalo sokushaja impahla sibonisa ukuthi yiziphi izisindo zokuthunyelwa kanye nezilinganiso ezikhiqiza imali engenayo enkulu kuzoba yinani elikhokhiswayo ngaphansi kwesibalo sempahla ye-W/M. 

Futhi i ukuminyana kwempahla inendima enkulu ekunqumeni amanani entengo yesisindo noma isilinganiso (CBM). Umthetho ojwayelekile wesithupha ukuthi amathuba okushaja i-LCL ngokusekelwe esisindweni akhuphuka ngokuminyana okuphezulu futhi okuphambene nalokho.

Isifinyezo esisheshayo 

Ukwanda okuqinile komkhakha we-e-commerce kunikeza amathuba athembisayo kwezinye izimboni ezixhumene, okuhlanganisa nezindlela ezincane zokulethwa kwempahla njengokuthunyelwa kwe-LCL. Ukuba nokuqonda okuqinile komqondo we-LCL, inqubo yayo yokusebenza, izinzuzo kanye nokubi, umehluko wayo uma kuqhathaniswa ne-FCL kanye nezakhiwo zayo ezibizayo kungaba wusizo emabhizinisini ahlanganyela ekuhwebeni kwe-inthanethi kwamazwe ngamazwe. Ukuze uthole isibuyekezo esivamile kuma-athikili amasha ahlukahlukene, vakashela U-Chovm Uyafunda ngezikhathi ezithile ukuze uhlale unolwazi mayelana nemigomo yezokuthutha kanye namathrendi ebhizinisi elithengisayo.

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