Iyini Imali Ye-Per Diem?

Abaningi abathumela impahla kwamanye amazwe nabangenisa impahla kwamanye amazwe bangase bajwayelene nemali ye-per diem, nayo ngezinye izikhathi ebizwa ngokuthi inkokhiso yokuvalela. Ngo-2023, nokho, kungenzeka kubuyele ekukhanyeni, ikakhulukazi embonini yezimpahla yase-US kodwa nasemhlabeni jikelele.

Ngaphandle kokwehliswa okukhulu ngo-2022 uma kuqhathaniswa nenani eliphakeme ngo-2021, zombili izindleko zokukhipha imali kanye nezindleko zokuvalelwa (i-D&D) yahlala iphezulu ngo-12% emhlabeni jikelele ngo-2022 uma kuqhathaniswa nesikhathi sangaphambi kobhubhane. Ngaleso sikhathi, ngisho nokwehla kwesimo somhlaba jikelele sezindleko zokudelwa nokuboshwa ngo-2022, lezi zindleko ziqhubeka nokukhuphuka kancane e-United States. Amanye amachweba aseMelika manje anezinga elibiza kakhulu lokuncishiswa kwempahla nelokuboshwa emhlabeni wonke, ikakhulukazi uma liqhathaniswa nenani lamanye amachweba aziwayo ase-Asia, njenge-Chinese Taiwan ne-Chinese Hong Kong. 

Ngenxa yalokhu kukhathazeka kwenkokhelo ekhuphukayo, masifunde kabanzi mayelana nezindleko ze-diem ngayinye, isizathu sazo, amanani ajwayelekile e-per diem, ahluke kanjani ku-D&D, nezindlela zokugwema lezi zindleko.

Okuqukethwe
Iyini imali ye-diem ngayinye?
Kungani izinkampani zenethiwekhi zikhokhisa izinkokhelo ze-diem ngayinye?
Zingakanani izindleko ze-diem ngayinye?
Uyini umehluko phakathi kwezimali zokuvalelwa, zokukhipha imali kanye ne-diem ngayinye?
Amathiphu okugwema izinkokhelo ze-diem ngayinye
Isifinyezo

Iyini imali ye-diem ngayinye?

Ukuze kuvinjwe abathumeli abavela kwamanye amazwe ukuthi bangagcini iziqukathi zabo endaweni isikhathi eside, abathwali bakhokhisa izindleko zediem ngayinye, ngezinye izikhathi ezaziwa ngokuthi ukuvalelwa, usuku nosuku olulodwa olwengeziwe isiqukathi singaphandle kwechweba ngemva kwezinsuku “zamahhala” ezishiwo, kuze kube yilapho iziqukathi zibuyiselwa edepho noma egcekeni. 

Igama elithi "per diem" empeleni umusho wesiLatini ngencazelo “ngosuku” futhi yingakho isetshenziselwa ukuchaza izinga lesilinganiso sansuku zonke senkokhelo ye-diem ngayinye yeziqukathi ezigcinwe ngaphezu kwesikhathi sazo esivunyelwe/esihambisanayo.

Kungani izinkampani zenethiwekhi zikhokhisa izinkokhelo ze-diem ngayinye?

Njengezinye izinkokhiso ezikhokhiswa abathwali, kunezidingo ezithile ezicindezelayo ngemuva kwezimali ezinjalo:

1. Ukugwema ukubambezeleka: Abathumeli bangase babangele izinkinga zokuminyana kutheminali noma ethekwini uma bethatha isikhathi eside ukulayisha nokulayisha iziqukathi zabo. Ukubambezeleka okunjalo akukhulisi nje isikhathi esiphelele sokulinda sabo bonke abathumeli kodwa futhi kuvimbela abathwali emathubeni amasha alindelekile okuthutha impahla.
2. Ukuvimbela ukulahlekelwa: Abathwali bangase babhekane nezindleko ezengeziwe zesitoreji, ukulahlekelwa okuvela emalini engase ibe khona yokuthunyelwa okusha, noma, ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu, izindleko ezengeziwe ezihlobene nokwandisa imikhumbi yabo noma iphuli ye-chassis ngenxa yokulibaziseka kokulayisha noma ukuthulula isiqukathi.
3. Ukukhuthaza ukusebenza kahle: Inhloso enkulu yenkokhelo ye-diem ngayinye ukuvimbela abathumeli ukuthi bangagcini iziqukathi zabo endaweni yokugcina. Ngamanye amazwi, inhlawulo ye-per diem yenzelwe ukunciphisa ukubambezeleka noma izinkinga zokuminyana ngokugqugquzela abathumeli ukuthi bahambise iziqukathi zabo ngokushesha okukhulu, ngaleyo ndlela kuthuthukiswe ukusebenza kahle kwechweba noma ukuphela.

Zingakanani izindleko ze-diem ngayinye?

Njengoba inhlawulo ye-diem ngayinye ikhokhiswa ngemva kwezinsuku ezithile “zamahhala” ezabelwe kusengaphambili, ngokuvamile ezisukela osukwini olungu-1 kuye ezinsukwini eziyi-10, kubalulekile kubathumeli bakhombe ubude besikhathi samahhala obuvunyelwe ezitsheni zabo. Futhi izinkampani zenethiwekhi ngokuvamile intengo yezindleko ze-diem ngayinye ngokuya ngesilinganiso sezindleko zokusebenza zansuku zonke zeziqukathi zazo, njengezindleko zokunakekela kanye nomshwalense, kanye nezindleko zeziqukathi nezindleko zikaphethiloli.

Lokhu kusho ukuthi izindleko ze-diem ngayinye zingahlukahluka kuye ngokuthi ichweba nabathwali. Ahlukene futhi ngokuya ngobukhulu nezinhlobo zeziqukathi ezisetshenziswayo kanye nenani eliphelele lezinsuku ezikhokhiswayo. Isibonelo, isilinganiso esivamile sansuku zonke senkokhelo ye-diem ngayinye yesiqukathi esomile esingamamitha angu-40 singabiza cishe u-$130 ngosuku ezinsukwini zokuqala eziyi-11-15 kodwa sikhuphuke siye ku-$220 ngosuku kusukela ezinsukwini eziyi-15 kuye phambili. Ngaleso sikhathi, isilinganiso sansuku zonke se-diem samamitha angama-40 isitsha se-reefer ngesikhathi esifanayo kungabiza ngokuphindwe kabili noma ngaphezulu.

Njengoba lingekho inani elinqunyiwe noma isilinganiso esiphansi sezindleko ze-diem ngayinye, nokho izinkokhiso zikhuphuka ngokukhuphukayo njengoba inani lezinsuku lidlula inani elithile, kubalulekile ukuba abathumeli bathole uhlu lwamanani olugcwele olubuyekeziwe kuzinkampani zenethiwekhi yabo ukuze bahlele isabelomali esingcono noma okungenani bathole imininingwane ethile ezindlekweni zabo ezisohlwini lwezinkampani zenethiwekhi, isibonelo, uhlu lwamanani olujwayelekile oluku-inthanethi njengalolu hlu.

Uyini umehluko phakathi kwezimali zokuvalelwa, zokukhipha imali kanye ne-diem ngayinye?

Empeleni, izinkokhelo zokuvalelwa, ukukhishwa kwemali, kanye ne-diem ngayinye ziyizindlela zokuchaza izindleko ezihlobene “nokubambezeleka,” “izinkokhiso ezifike sekwephuzile,” noma “izinhlawulo” zokweqa inombolo evunyelwe yezinsuku zamahhala. Yingakho futhi la magama evame ukungaqondakali kalula ngokuthi afanayo noma asetshenziswa ngokushintshana. Nokho, kukhona ngempela umehluko ocashile phakathi kwabo. Ake sihlole ukuhluka kwazo maqondana nezindleko ze-diem ngayinye ukuze siqonde kangcono umehluko.

Izimali zokuboshwa vs Izindleko ze-Per diem

Izindleko zokuvalela kanye ne-diem ngayinye zivame ukusetshenziswa ngendlela efanayo nakuba empeleni kunezinhlobo ezimbili zezindleko zokuboshwa embonini yezimpahla. Uhlobo lokuqala lwemali yokuboshwa lusebenza ohlelweni lwamaloli futhi lukhokhiswa njalo ngehora. Izimali ezinjalo zivame ukwenziwa ngesikhathi sokuminyana kwechweba lapho umshayeli weloli edinga ukuchitha isikhathi esiningi elayisha noma ethula okuhlanganisa ukulandwa kanye nesikhathi sokulinda ukulethwa. 

Uhlobo lwesibili lokuvalelwa, ngakolunye uhlangothi, nalo luvame ukubizwa ngokuthi yi-per diem fee. Ikhokhiswa kunoma yiziphi iziqukathi ezihlala ngaphandle kwamachweba/amadepho ngaphezu kwezinsuku ezivunyelwe zamahhala. Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi kokubili izimali zokuboshwa kanye nezindleko zediem ngayinye ngezinye izikhathi zingase zingambozi kuphela iziqukathi kodwa futhi nezinhlobo ezihlukahlukene zemishini yenkampani yenethiwekhi efana no-chassis, ama-trailer, nama-flatbed, kuye ngezisetshenziswa zangempela ezihilelekile kanye nezinqubomgomo zezinkampani zenethiwekhi.

Izindleko ze-Demurrage vs Izindleko ze-Per diem

Demurrage amanani, ngakolunye uhlangothi, nakuba futhi kubhekiselwa ezindlekweni ezikhokhiswayo ezitsheni ezibambezelekile ezedlula izinsuku zamahhala ezabelwe ngaphakathi kwamatheminali noma ezikhumulweni zemikhumbi, zisebenza kuphela kuziqukathi kodwa hhayi kwezinye. 

Ngakho-ke, kunomehluko ocacile phakathi kwezimali zokukhipha imali kanye nezindleko ze-diem ngokwemibandela ye indawo yokugcina; Izimali zokukhipha imali zihlolwa kumakhonteyna ahlala kumatheminali ngemva kokuba isikhathi sawo esinqunyiwe sesidlulile, kanti izimali ezikhokhwayo ze-diem zihlolwa kumakhonteyina ahlala ngaphandle kwamadepho kanye nezinhlobo zezinto zokusebenza ezikhokhiswayo.

Amathiphu okugwema inkokhiso ngayinye ye-diem

1. Qonda imigomo yokuthunyelwa: Abathumeli kufanele babuyekeze ngokucophelela imigomo yenkontileka nenkampani yenethiwekhi ukuze baqinisekise isikhathi samahhala esabelwe ukukhulula noma ukulayisha isiqukathi. Lokhu kuzobasiza ekwenzeni ukuhlela okufanele kusenesikhathi.
2. Hlela phambili: Abathumeli bangabese begwema izindleko ze-diem ngayinye ngokuhlela ukuthunyelwa kwabo kusenesikhathi, bathole izinsiza ezidingekayo zokuhambisa iziqukathi zingene futhi ziphume kumachweba noma amatheminali ngokushesha. Lokhu kuhlanganisa ukuba nempahla edingekayo kanye nabasebenzi abakhona ukuze iziqukathi zilayishwe noma zehliswe ngesikhathi esibekiwe noma kube ngcono, kusenesikhathi.
3. Ukuxhumana okufanele: Abathumeli kufanele baqinisekise ukuxhumana okuvamile, okuphumelelayo nomuntu ophethe ukugwema noma yikuphi ukungaqondi mayelana nesikhathi esikhululekile sokukhipha noma ukulayisha isiqukathi. Esimeni sanoma yikuphi ukubambezeleka okungaba khona noma izinguquko kushejuli yabo yokuhambisa ezingase zithinte isikhathi samahhala esivunyelwe ngaphambilini, abathumeli kufanele bazise inkampani yenethiwekhi kusengaphambili futhi ngalokho bathathe ithuba lokuxoxisana nganoma yiziphi izinhlelo ezintsha.
4. Xhumana nezinkampani zenethiwekhi ezithembekile: Abathumeli kufanele basebenzise abathwali basolwandle abadumile abanamarekhodi aqinile okulethwa kwesikhathi nokusekelwa okusebenzayo. Lokhu kufanele kunciphise amathuba okubambezeleka kanye nezinkokhelo zansuku zonke.
5. Ezinye izindlela zokuthutha: Ngokuya ngohlobo lokuthunyelwa, ezinye izinto zokuhamba ezifana nojantshi wesitimela noma amaloli zingathengeka kakhulu futhi ziguquguquke uma kuqhathaniswa nempahla yasolwandle. Abathumeli bangase bacabangele lezi zindlela zokuthutha esikhundleni sokugwema izindleko ze-diem ngayinye.

Isifinyezo

Naphezu kokwehla kwamazinga okunciphisa nokuboshwa emhlabeni jikelele, kusukela ngo-2022, lawa mazinga alokhu ekhuphuka njalo e-US. Ngakho-ke kubalulekile ukuthi abathekelisa nabangenisa impahla ngaphandle baqonde ngokugcwele okushiwo yizindleko zokuboshwa noma amanani e-diem, ukuthi bakhokhiswa malini, umehluko phakathi kwezimali ezikhokhiswayo, ukuvalelwa, kanye ne-diem ngayinye, kanye namathiphu okuvimbela noma ukunciphisa lezo zindleko ngangokunokwenzeka. U-Chovm Uyafunda iqukethe amanye amathiphu kanye nemibono yenkundla ye-supply chain kanye nokutholakala kwebhizinisi; vakashela isayithi namuhla ukuze uthole okwengeziwe.

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