Okufanele Ukubheke Kugandaganda Eselisetshenzisiwe

Ogandaganda bayimishini emikhulu, esindayo futhi enamandla, esetshenziselwa ukwakha nokubhidliza. Uma unakekelwa kahle, ugandaganda ungahlala iminyaka eminingi futhi ungenza ukuthenga okuhle kwesibili. Imikhiqizo eyaziwa kahle ingalindelwa ukuthi ithengiswe ngama-30-50% ngaphansi kwentengo yawo yemodeli entsha. Nokho, ukuthenga ugandaganda osetshenzisiwe kusewukuzibophezela okukhulu kwezezimali, ngakho umthengi uzofuna ukuqiniseka ukuthi uthenga umshini onenani elithembekile nelihle. Lesi sihloko sihlola izinketho ezitholakalayo zamagandaganda asetshenzisiwe futhi sibheka ezinye zezinto ezibalulekile okufanele uziqaphele.

Okuqukethwe
Imakethe ye-bulldozer yomhlaba wonke
Ogandaganda bayimishini ehlukile futhi enamandla
Kukhona ukukhetha okubanzi kwama-bulldozer asetshenzisiwe atholakalayo
Okufanele ukucabangele uma ufuna ugandaganda osetshenzisiwe
Ukuhlola okubonakalayo nokubonakalayo
Imicabango yokugcina

Imakethe ye-bulldozer yomhlaba wonke

Imakethe ye-bulldozer yomhlaba wonke ihlala inempilo futhi ikhula kancane, iqhutshwa ukukhula kwezokwakha emhlabeni jikelele. Ukuthengiswa kukagandaganda kudluliwe $4.4 billion ngo-2021, futhi kulindeleke ukuthi ishaye I-USD 6.5 billion ngo-2027, ngezinga lokukhula lonyaka elihlanganisiwe (CAGR) lika 6.72% kusukela ngo-2021-2027. Ukusetshenziswa kuhlanganisa izimboni ezinkulu ezinzima zokwakha, izimayini nengqalasizinda, kodwa futhi kunezicelo ezidingeka kakhulu kwezempi nezolimo.

Ogandaganda bayimishini ehlukile futhi enamandla

Ogandaganda, ngothando ababizwa ngokuthi 'amadoza', bayimishini elandelwayo esebenzisa i-blade yangaphambili ukusunduza umthamo omkhulu wezinto ezibonakalayo, ngokuvamile isihlabathi, amatshe, umhlaba, imfucumfucu, iqhwa, nezinye izinto ezixegayo. Usayizi we-bulldozer blade, ukalwa ngama-cubic amayintshi noma amasentimitha, unquma ukuthi ingakanani ivolumu ugandaganda ongawusunduza. Injini nesisindo somshini kunquma amandla kanye nokudonsa ugandaganda ongawenza ukuze uhambise okokusebenza. Lawo mandla afanayo angasetshenziswa futhi ukudonsa izinto ezinkulu. Kukhona futhi ibhulokhi enamasondo amakhulu angaphandle komgwaqo esikhundleni samathrekhi, kodwa lezi azivamisile kakhulu kunezinguqulo 'zokukhasa' ezilandelwayo.

Ogandaganda banendawo ephansi ye-gravity, ukuze banikeze ukudonsa okungcono kakhulu futhi banikeze ukuzinza okukhulu emithambekeni nasemhlabathini ongalingani. Zenzelwe ukuthi zihambe kancane ngesivinini esikhulu esingaba ngu-3 mph.

Kunezinhlobo ezintathu eziyinhloko zama-blades avame ukufakwa ngaphambili kukagandaganda:

• I-S blade iqondile, isicaba impela, futhi imfushane, ayinakho ijika elibheke eceleni noma amaphiko aseceleni. Lokhu kuvame ukusetshenziselwa ukukala nokugreda.
• I-U blade yinde, inejika elihlukile. Inamaphiko amakhulu aseceleni okubamba izinto kanye nokwandisa umthwalo wokusunduza.
• Inhlanganisela ye-SU blade imfushane, inejika elincane kune-U blade, futhi inamaphiko amancane aseceleni. Lokhu kuvame ukusetshenziselwa ukusunduza amatshe amakhulu, futhi amaphiko asemaceleni avimbela ukuphuma kwempahla ezinhlangothini zensingo.

Ama-blades angaxhunywa ngokuqondile, noma nge-engeli. Kuzo zonke izimo zinamathiselwe ezingalweni ezimbili ze-boom, zingaphakanyiswa futhi zehliswe, futhi zingatshekiswa ukuze kuhluke i-engeli yokusunduza.

Okunamathiselwe okungemuva okujwayeleke kakhulu yi-a i-ripper. Leli ithuluzi elikhulu elifana nozipho elifakwe lilodwa, noma ngokuphindaphinda, ngemuva kwegandaganda. I-ripper isetshenziselwa ukukhulula izinto eziminyene nezithintekile, futhi ifakwe 'ibhuthi', i-tungsten. steel i-alloy ithiphu eshintshwayo njengoba igqoka.

Ogandaganda bangase babonakale befana neminye imishini yokwakha, njengama-loader angaphambili, ama-skid steers, kanye nabembayo. Wonke asebenzisa umzimba ofana nogandaganda nokunamathiselwe ngaphambili ukuhambisa izinto. Kodwa-ke, amandla kagandaganda akusunduza, ukudonsa nokuklebhula, kanti eminye imishini ngokuvamile inebhakede elingaphambili elakhelwe ukuphakanyiswa, futhi ingase ibe ne-backhoe yokumba. Kwesinye isikhathi bayadideka nama-bulldozer, futhi ukusesha ku-inthanethi kungase kubuyise imiphumela ngezinhlobonhlobo zale mishini.

Kukhona ukukhetha okubanzi kwama-bulldozer asetshenzisiwe atholakalayo

Kunamagandaganda amasekeni amaningi emakethe, ane- ububanzi obubanzi namandla. Amanye amabhrendi abonakala kaningi. Amamodeli e-Caterpillar anezinhlobonhlobo ezinhle ongakhetha kuzo, kusukela kwencane kunazo zonke i-CAT D1 kuze kufike kumamodeli amakhulu we-D11, kodwa imishini yesandla evamile evamile iku-D3 kuya ku-D9. I-Komatsu iphinde ibonakale kaningi, njengoba kwenza i-XCMG ne-Weichai.

Izintengo ziyahlukahluka futhi asikho isilinganiso esicacile samandla kumthamo, noma ubudala nenani. Amandla akhombisa amandla okuphusha nokudonsa, kanti umthamo ukhombisa usayizi weblade. Ogandaganda abadala abashibhile futhi intengo izoncika esimweni.

Ukukhethwa kwamamodeli ahlukene atholakala ku-Chovm kukhonjisiwe ngezansi. Amandla akhonjiswa lapha ngama-kilowatts (Kw). Imishini ekhangisiwe ingase ibonise amandla alinganiselwe ngamandla ehhashi noma ama-kilowatt. Njengomhlahlandlela onzima, i-100Hp ilingana no-75Kw.

	I-BladeCapacity 1.83m3	imodeli Isibungu CAT D3C
	Isisindo 7,060kg	Unyaka 2018
	Power 62.6kw	Inani I-USD 17,364

	I-BladeCapacity 5m3	imodeli Wonway
	Isisindo 5,000kg	Unyaka 2023
	Power 162kw	Inani I-USD 7,500

	I-BladeCapacity 3.8m3	imodeli I-Shantui SD22
	Isisindo 18,400kg	Unyaka 2021
	Power 180kw	Inani I-USD 21,600

	I-BladeCapacity 3.8m3	imodeli Isibungu CAT D8R
	Isisindo 38,700kg	Unyaka 2016
	Power 228kw	Inani I-USD 40,000

	I-BladeCapacity 4.5m3	imodeli I-Weichai WD10G178E25
	Isisindo 17,000kg	Unyaka 2023
	Power 131kw	Inani I-USD 10,000

	I-BladeCapacity 3.9m3	imodeli I-XCMG TY160
	Isisindo 18,700kg	Unyaka 2011
	Power 131kw	Inani I-USD 26,000

Okufanele ukucabangele uma ufuna ugandaganda osetshenzisiwe

Ama-bulldozers atholakala ngezinhlobonhlobo zobukhulu, amandla namanani. Lapho uthenga ku-inthanethi, kunzima ukuhlola kahle isimo, kodwa umdayisi ocabangelayo uzobonisa izingxenye zomshini ama-engeli amaningana ahlukene.

Umthengi we-inthanethi uzofuna kuqala ukucabangela inhloso ehlosiwe kanye ne-bulldozer, indawo ehlosiwe, umthamo wokuphusha namandla. Ukusuka lapho, umthengi ohlakaniphile angancipha abe yintengo, ubudala kanye nesimo.

Uma uhlobo nosayizi womshini sekukhethiwe, umthengi angase athande izinhlobo ezaziwa kakhulu noma angase alungele ukukhetha amabhrendi angaziwa kancane. Intengo iyisici esibalulekile futhi umthengi kufanele acabangele ukwethembeka nesimo somshini ekunqumeni inani lemali. Ngakho umthengi uzofuna isiqinisekiso sokuthi ugandaganda usesimweni esihle sokusebenza, futhi unakekelwe kahle.

Ukubukeka komshini sekukonke uma kuqhathaniswa neminyaka eshiwo, ngeminyaka, kunikeza umbono wokuqala wegandaganda. Ingabe umshini ubukeka umusha, usetshenziswe kancane, noma ugejiwe futhi uboshiwe? Ogandaganda basebenza ngaphansi kwezimo ezinzima, ngakho-ke ukubola okumbalwa kanye nopende ongcolile akusho ngempela ukuntula ukunakekelwa. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, umshini omdala onopende ogqamile futhi ocwebezelayo ungase usho ukuthi usupendwe kabusha ukuze ufihle izinkinga zangaphambilini.

Umthengi onobuhlakani uzobuza ngaphambili amarekhodi okulungisa, ubufakazi besikhathi sesevisi futhi uzobuza ukuthi zikhona yini izingxenye ezishintshiwe. Izingxenye ziyaguga, futhi ezintsha ezisezingeni zitholakala kalula, ngakho ugandaganda onezinga elihle lokushintshwa kwezingxenye ungahlala iminyaka eminingi.

Yiqiniso, izithombe azikho esikhundleni sokuhlolwa okuphelele ngokomzimba, okungenzeka kuphela ngemva kokubeletha, ngakho-ke isiqinisekiso sokwaneliseka sibalulekile.

Ukuhlola okubonakalayo nokubonakalayo

Ukuhlukaniswa phansi: Bheka izimpawu zokuguga nokuklebhuka kwama-sprockets, amaphini, iketango namarola. Bheka izikhonkwane ezigugile noma ezicwebezelayo, noma imiphetho ebukhali emahlahleni. Ingabe kukhona ukunyakaza okuhlangene eceleni kwethrekhi, njengoba lokhu kungasho izikhonkwane ezigugile nama-bushings. Ingabe ithrekhi ibonakala ixega, noma kubukeka sengathi isixhumanisi sisusiwe ukuze kuqiniswe ithrekhi? I-undercarriage ibalulekile ukuyigcina isesimweni esihle, futhi kufanele isebenze ngokuphumelelayo ukuze ikwazi ukudonsa ngokwanele. Ikhombisa okungenani u-20% wezindleko zizonke zegandaganda futhi ukushintshwa kuzobiza.

I-Blade, ripper, nama-booms: hlola i-blade noma yiziphi izimpawu zokulimala, ikakhulukazi phezulu nangaphansi. Ingabe lukhona uphawu lokushisela noma lokuhlehlisa olungasho ukuthi ugandaganda uguge kakhulu? Hlola ama-blade trunnions nama-boom nganoma yikuphi ukunyakaza okudlulele okungabonisa ukuguga. Ingabe amalunga nezikhonkwane zibukeka zigcotshwe kahle? Amafutha amasha ayinto enhle, kodwa uma eqinile futhi ehlanganisiwe, khona-ke ayizange ishintshwe njalo. Ukuntuleka kwamafutha amasha kungahlotshaniswa nokuguga.

Isimo sekhebhu: Ingabe i-cab inakekelwe kahle? Ingabe ibukeka ihlanzekile? Ingabe amaswishi nezilawuli ziphelele futhi zisesimweni esihle sokusebenza? Uma ikhona i-GPS, ingabe iyasebenza? Ingabe isihlalo siqinile futhi silungisa ngendlela efanele? Konke lokhu kuyizimpawu zokuthi umshini uphathwe kahle yini.

Injini: Injini kufanele ibe sesimweni esihle ukuze inikeze amandla okushayela adingekayo. Ingabe ibukeka ihlanzekile, noma kukhona izimpawu zokuvuza? Njengoba injini igijima, ingabe zikhona izimpawu zentuthu? Ingabe kukhona okuconsayo eduze kwenjini, njengoba lokhu kungabonisa izinkinga ze-gasket noma ipayipi? Ingabe irekhodi lokulungisa libonisa noma yiziphi izingxenye ezishintshayo? Uma izingxenye zekhwalithi zazisetshenziswa lokhu kungandisa ukuphila kwenjini, kodwa kungani kwashintshwa? Hlola amarekhodi esevisi ukuthi i-hydraulic, uwoyela wenjini kanye nezihlungi zikaphethiloli zishintshwe kaningi kangakanani.

Ukukhishwa kwe-exhaust: Ogandaganda besimanje ngokuvamile bagunyazwa ukukhishwa kwe-EPA. Hlola ukuthi injini isasebenza ngokwezinga eliphathekayo exhaust emissions analyzer.

Ama-hydraulic: Ingabe wonke ama-hose seal aqinile noma kukhona izimpawu zokuvuza, ezinganciphisa umfutho we-hydraulic? Ingabe ama-hydraulic rods abushelelezi futhi awanazimpawu zokucwila noma imihuzuko?

Imicabango yokugcina

Kunemakethe enempilo yamagandaganda amasekeni. Ziyimishini eqinile futhi ingahlala iminyaka eminingi uma inakekelwa kahle. Lapho ufuna ugandaganda osetshenzisiwe ku-inthanethi, cela izithombe kanye/noma amavidiyo azo zonke izingxenye ezinkulu, bese ucela amakhophi amarekhodi okulungisa. Khetha umphakeli onganikeza isiqinisekiso sokwaneliseka. Uma umshini ulethiwe, landela umhlahlandlela ongenhla ukuze uwuhlole okungenani. Umthengi kufanele aqinisekise ukuthi wenza ngokucophelela okukhulu njengoba kufanele futhi asebenziseke ngaphambi kokuba akhiphe imali enkulu emshinini osetshenzisiwe.

Futhi khumbula ukuthi ukuthengwa kwenani elihle, uma kugcinwa kahle, kuzogcina inani lakho ukuze lidayiswe kamuva uma ukusetshenziswa kwephrojekthi yakho sekuphelile. Ukuze uthole ukwaziswa okwengeziwe mayelana nokukhetha okubanzi kwama-bulldozer asetshenzisiwe atholakalayo, bheka Chovm.com umbukiso.