Odinga Ukukwazi Ngokushaja Ngokushesha kwe-EC DC

Ushintsho olusuka ezimotweni ezisebenza ngophethiloli luye ezimotweni zikagesi lwaluzokwenzeka njalo, futhi ubuchwepheshe buye bavula indlela yokuqamba izinto ezintsha ezishintsha umdlalo. Lolu shintsho luvula amathuba amasha kumabhizinisi, njengokukhuphuka kwesidingo semishini eshaja ngokushesha.

Amashaja e-EV, nokho, ahluka kakhulu ngokuya ngezinto eziguquguqukayo ezimbalwa. Thola ukuthi bayini nokunye okwengeziwe Ukushaja i-EV, kanye nokushaja okusheshayo nokuthi kusebenza kanjani ngokufunda kuqhubeke.

Okuqukethwe
Imakethe yokushaja izimoto zikagesi emhlabeni jikelele
Amaleveli ahlukene wokushajwa kwe-EV
Isebenza kanjani ukushaja okusheshayo kwe-DC?
Ikusasa lama-EVs

Imakethe yokushaja izimoto zikagesi emhlabeni jikelele

Imakethe yemishini eshaja ngokushesha kagesi yalinganiselwa ku-US $3,240.7 million ngo-2021 futhi kulindeleke ukuthi ikhule ngezinga lokukhula lonyaka elihlanganisiwe (CAGR) 21.7% ukuze sifinyelele ezigidini ezingu-US $18,909.8 ngo-2030. Isidingo esikhulayo sezinto zokuhamba ezikhishwa yiziro sizoqhuba ukuthengiswa kwe-EV ngesikhathi sokubikezela.

Ukushaja komphakathi kubalele isabelo semakethe esikhulu kunazo zonke futhi kulindeleke ukuthi kukhule ku-CAGR ye 22%. Ukukhula kuqhutshwa ukufakwa okusabalele kwamashaja e-EV ezindaweni zomphakathi ukuze kugqugquzelwe ukutholwa kwe-EV.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, amazwe amaningi, okuhlanganisa i-United States, i-China, neJalimane, atshala imali eningi ocwaningweni nasekuthuthukisweni ukuze aphumelele kakhudlwana. ukushaja izinsiza. Isibonelo, ngo-2021 i-GM yamemezela izinhlelo zokutshala imali engaphezu kwezigidigidi ezingu-US $30 kuma-EV, kuyilapho abakwaFord belindele ukukhulisa ukukhiqizwa kwe-EV kube amayunithi angu-600,000 ngonyaka.

Iyini ukushaja okusheshayo kwe-DC?

Njengoba abathengi becabangela izinzuzo kanye nezinkinga zezimoto zikagesi (EVs), ukushaja kudlala indima ebalulekile esinqumweni sabo sokuthenga. Omunye wemibuzo evame kakhulu evela kubathengi bezimoto ukuthi kuthatha isikhathi esingakanani ukushaja i-EV nokuthi izowuthinta kanjani umsebenzi wabo wansuku zonke. Okwamanje, izivinini ezintathu zokushaja ziyatholakala kuma-EV: Ileveli 1, ileveli 2, kanye neLeveli 3, eyaziwa nangokuthi DC ngokushesha ukushaja (DCFC).

I-DCFC ishesha kakhulu kulawa mazinga amathathu futhi ilungele ukuhamba amabanga amade nezitobhi zokushajwa kabusha. I-DC ishaja inikeza i-voltage ephezulu emotweni futhi ingashaja ibhethri ku-80% cishe imizuzu engama-40. Kuhle kakhulu ukunweba impilo yebhethri yemoto ngoba ochwepheshe batusa ukushaja amabhethri ngomthamo ongu-80%.

Amaleveli ahlukene wokushajwa kwe-EV

Amaleveli amathathu okushaja akhombisa ukuthi ishaja izogcwalisa ibhethri ngokushesha kangakanani.

Ukushaja ileveli 1

Impahla yokushaja yeleveli 1 iyona ehamba kancane njengamanje futhi ixhunywe ngqo ku-outlet evamile engu-120-volt AC. Isilinganiso sikagesi sisuka ku-1 kW siye ku-2.4 kW, sengeze amamayela amane kuya kwayisithupha okushayela ngehora. Inkokhelo yasebusuku ingangeza amamayela angu-50–60, futhi kungathatha cishe izinsuku ezimbili ukushaja i-EV ngebanga lamamayela angu-250 ngokugcwele.

Amashaja eLeveli 1 awahambisani, ikakhulukazi uma umsebenzisi ehlose ukusebenzisa imoto nsuku zonke. Ukushaja kwezinga 1 ngeke kutholakale kwezinye izingxenye zase-Canada naseYurophu lapho ama-voltage ajwayelekile endlu edlula ama-230.

Ukushaja ileveli 2

Amashaja akuleveli 2 awuhlobo oluvame kakhulu Ishaja ye-EV futhi ingatholakala ezindaweni zokusebenza, emakhaya, nakwezinye izindawo zomphakathi. Ziyakhuphuka ukusuka ku-Level 1 ukushaja futhi zisebenzisa i-208-volt kuya ku-240-volt ukuphuma ukukhiqiza amandla asukela ku-4 kW kuya ku-18 kW. Lokhu okukhiphayo kulingana nebanga lokushayela lamakhilomitha angu-12 kuya kwangu-54 ngehora.

Ngesilinganiso esishesha kakhulu, kuzothatha amahora angaphansi kwamahlanu ukushaja i-EV enobubanzi obungamamayela angu-250 ngokugcwele. Ngezinga eliphansi kakhulu, kuzothatha cishe amahora angama-21. Izindleko zeleveli 2 zingamashaja e-EV adume kakhulu ezindaweni zokusebenza, emakhaya, nakwezinye izindawo zomphakathi. Nokho, ngenxa yokuthi amabhethri e-EV akwazi ukuphatha i-DC yamanje kuphela, amandla e-AC kufanele aguqulelwe ku-DC, okwenza ukushaja kweLeveli 1 no-2 kudle isikhathi.

Ileveli 3 DC iyashaja ngokushesha

I-Level 3 DC okwamanje iyimishini yokushaja ye-EV eshesha kakhulu futhi enamandla kakhulu. Zenzelwe ukuletha amandla ngokushesha kunamashaja e-Level 2, akhipha amandla asukela ku-15 kW kuya ku-350 kW.

Lokhu kuvumela abasebenzisi ukuthi bashaje i-EV ngemizuzu eyi-15 kuye kwengama-60, kuye ngamandla kagesi wemoto. Ngokungafani neleveli 1 kanye neleveli 2, amashaja asheshayo e-DC asebenzisa uxhumo lwezigaba ezintathu zezentengiso ukuletha amandla ngqo ebhethrini le-EV.

Isebenza kanjani ukushaja okusheshayo kwe-DC?

Njengamanje, izinhlobo ezine zokushaja okusheshayo kwe-DC ziyatholakala: Isistimu Yokushaja Ehlanganisiwe (CCS), i-GB/T, i-Tesla Supercharger, ne-CHAdeMO (CHArge de MOve). Ngayinye inesixhumi sembobo yokushaja esiyingqayizivele. I-CCS iwuhlobo oluvame kakhulu, kuyilapho iziteshi zokushaja ze-DC zingashaja ngezixhumi ze-CHAdeMO noma ze-CCS.

Ama-Tesla Supercharger asebenza kuphela ngezimoto zakwaTesla, kodwa lezi zimoto zingasebenzisa namashaja asheshayo e-CHAdeMO noma e-CSS ane-adaptha. Izixhumi ze-GB/T zingezemakethe yase-China.

Inani lamandla ibhethri le-EV elingawabamba, likalwa nge-kW, liyahlukahluka phakathi kwezimoto. Izimoto eziningi emakethe zamukela amandla angu-50 kW, kuyilapho izinhlobo ezintsha zikwazi ukwamukela afinyelela ku-270 kW. Ngenxa yokuthi isilinganiso samandla seshaja ne-EV sihluke kakhulu, ukuhambisana phakathi kwakho kokubili kungase kudide.

Ngenhlanhla, imikhawulo yamandla akufanele ifane ngoba ishaja izoletha kuphela amandla imoto ekwazi ukuwaphatha. Uhlelo lokuqapha emotweni ibhethri iqinisekisa ukuthi yamukela kuphela inani lamandla imoto engawaphatha.

Uma ukushajwa kwebhethri kufinyelela ku-80%, i I-DCFC izinga lihamba kancane ukuze kuncishiswe ingozi yokushisisa ngokweqile kwebhethri. Ngakho-ke, abakhiqizi abaningi bazokhuluma ngokuthi kuthatha isikhathi esingakanani ukushaja ibhethri ku-80% kune-100%.

Ingabe ukushaja kwe-DC kuhluke kanjani ekushajweni kwe-AC?

Njengoba kuxoxiwe ngaphambili, i-AC imele ukushintshana kwamanje, ngenkathi DC imele umfutho oqondile. I-AC isho ugesi ojwayelekile osetshenziswa ezindlini ukushaja izinto zikagesi zansuku zonke. Amandla ageleza ngokushintshana phakathi kokuhle nokubi ngenxa yama-alternator. Lawa ma-alternator akhiqiza amandla esebenzisa inkambu kazibuthe ukuze enze i-polarity enhle nengalungile. Lokhu kuvumela isistimu ukuthi idlulise amandla kodwa ayikwazi ukuletha inani lamandla afanayo nelamanje eliqondile.

Ngokolunye uhlangothi, DC amandla ahamba ngomugqa oqondile futhi angakhiqizwa ngamabhethri, amaseli elanga, noma ama-alternator alungisiwe. I-transformer ingakwazi ukuguqula i-alternating current ibe yamanje futhi inganika amandla izinto zikagesi zasendlini njengeziqandisi nemishini yokuwasha. Ngakho-ke, amandla e-DC awagcini ezimotweni, futhi ahlinzeka nge-voltage ephakeme futhi azinzile kunamandla amanje ashintshanayo. Nokho, amandla e-DC abiza kakhulu.

Ingabe kukhona okuphambene nokushaja okusheshayo kwe-DC?

Ngaphandle kwezinzuzo eziningi zokushaja okusheshayo kwe-DC, kunezihibe ezimbalwa. Ingqalasizinda ye-DC ilinganiselwe, futhi ukuba khona kwayo kungaphansi kakhulu kunezishaja zeLeveli 1 kanye no-2. Nakuba isikhathi esidingekayo sokushaja sifushane nge DC ukushaja, kuyinselele ukuthola ngaphakathi kwebanga elimangalisayo.

I-DCFC iyabiza ngenxa yokusebenzisa amandla kagesi aphezulu kanye nezindleko ezihambisana nokufakwa. Futhi okokugcina, ngenxa yezinkinga ezishisayo, ukushaja kwe-DCFC kucatshangwa ukuthi kulimaze ibhethri ngokuhamba kwesikhathi; nokho, imiphumela yayo empilweni yebhethri iphikiswana kakhulu.

Ikusasa lama-EVs

Njengoba kushiwo ngaphambili, amashaja asheshayo e-DC anezinzuzo eziningi, okubaluleke kakhulu ukuthi angashaja ibhethri ngokugcwele esikhathini esingamahora, ngaleyo ndlela onge isikhathi. Kodwa-ke, ubuchwepheshe buyabiza futhi, ngokungafani namashaja eLeveli 2, abusandile ezindaweni zomphakathi.