Okuqukethwe
Ukwenza lula ubunkimbinkimbi
Uguquko ngokumelene noshintsho
Umfelandawonye wabaholi
Ukubhalisa ukuguqulwa
Uma ubungatshelwa ukuthi umthwalo wakho ohloliwe usemathubeni angu-70% okulahleka endizeni elandelayo yezohwebo, ubungashintshela ukuze uqhubeke, akunjalo? (Phumula kalula: iqiniso liwukuthi ngaphansi kwe-1% yezikhwama ezike zibekwe kabi.)
Kodwa-ke, kungakumangaza yini ukwazi ukuthi u-70% wazo zonke izinguquko zebhizinisi ziyehluleka ukuhlangabezana nenhloso yazo, kodwa izinkampani eziningi ziyaqhubeka nokusebenzisa amaqhinga afanayo aphukile kanye nemibono eyiphutha kaninginingi?
Ngokuvumelana ne Forbes, amabhizinisi omhlaba ehlangene achitha ngaphezu kwesigidigidi esingu-$1.3 (USD) ngonyaka ezinhlelweni zoshintsho lwedijithali kuphela. Kodwa-ke, uma kuphela u-30% walezo zinguquko ziphumelela, amaRandi ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-900 ayamoshwa kule nqubo. Lokhu ukungaphathi kahle ngezinga elikhulu.
Ngokungeziwe ezindlekweni ezinkulu zokucwila, izindleko zenguquko ehlulekile zingathumela ibhizinisi esimweni sokufa. Cabanga ngo-Eastman Kodak. Ngesikhathi inkampani ifuna ukuguqula inkundla yayo ukuze igxile ekuthwebuleni izithombe zedijithali—into eyaqala ukuphayona ngayo ekuqaleni kwawo-1970—kwase kuphuze kakhulu. U-Kodak waphoqeleka ukuthi afake isicelo sokuqothuka ngo-2012, ngaphambi kokuthi ahlele kabusha futhi aphume eSahlukweni 11 ngonyaka olandelayo.
Kubalulekile ukuqonda ukuthi uguquko lungaphumelela kuphela uma kukhona uguquko emazingeni amathathu: umuntu ngamunye, wenhlangano, kanye namasu. Isihloko namuhla yisona esidala ukuwohloka ezingeni lenhlangano. Ngokuvamile kungenxa yokuthi abaholi nezinhlangano bayehluleka ukulandisa ngezimo ezimbili ezibucayi: okokuqala, uguquko aluzona izinqubo ezilandelanayo, futhi okwesibili, uhlobo lobunkimbinkimbi.
Ukwenza lula ubunkimbinkimbi
Inkimbinkimbi ivela ezinguqukweni eziguquguqukayo ezithinta izinhlangano—okuhlanganisa amandla angaphakathi nangaphandle—njengokuhwebelana kwembulunga yonke, ukuncintisana, ukuhlukahluka kwabasebenzi, kanye nokusungula izinto ezintsha, phakathi kwezinye izinto eziguquguqukayo. Ngale ncazelo, singakwazi ukuqala ukuqonda uhlobo lwezinhlelo eziguquguqukayo eziyinkimbinkimbi, ezimele ukuqonda ukuthi inkimbinkimbi izibonakalisa kanjani emhlabeni wangempela.
Ngokuchazwa kalula, izinhlelo eziguquguqukayo eziyinkimbinkimbi zakhiwa abantu abaningi—okuvame ukubizwa ngokuthi agents. Njengoba i-ejenti ngayinye isebenzisana nenye i-ejenti kanye nezimo nezimo, ngayinye iyashintsha futhi iyashintsha. Lawa ma-ejenti nawo asebenzisana namanye ama-ejenti, izimo nezimo futhi aphinde ashintshe futhi agudluke. Njengoba ubona kulolu hlobo lwesistimu akukho lutho oluhlala lufana futhi yonke into ingaba nayo, futhi ngokuvamile iba nomthelela kunoma yini enye.
Njengoba ukuguquguquka kwesistimu kungenamugqa, cishe akunakwenzeka ukubikezela noma ukuyala izenzo, imicabango kanye nemibono yezinkulungwane zama-ejenti asebenza ohlelweni lwangaphakathi nolwangaphandle. Eqinisweni, konke izinhlangano ziyizinhlelo eziguquguqukayo eziyinkimbinkimbi.
ukuvela yilokho okuvela ngenxa yesiphithiphithi—amaphethini, ukuziphatha, noma imiphumela ephakamayo, ngenxa yokusebenzelana (okuvame ukuba lula) kwezingxenye eziyinhloko enye nenye nendawo ezungezile. Lapha, akekho “umholi” onquma ngokuziphatha kwesistimu. Kodwa-ke, ubuholi obunamabomu bungaqondisa lesi siphithiphithi ukuze kwakhiwe uhlaka lwezinguquko eziyimpumelelo.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ezinhlelweni eziguquguqukayo eziyinkimbinkimbi, kubalulekile kubaholi namaqembu ukuba baphonsele inselelo ukuqagela okuqondile, okubangela kanye nomphumela. Esinye sezizathu esenza ukuthi izinhlangano eziningi zihluleke ukufeza izinhloso zazo zenguquko yingoba izinqubo zibhekwa njengezinhlelo eziqondile ezisuka kwesinye isigaba ziye kwesinye.
Empeleni, awudingi ukubheka kanzima ukuthola izibonelo zezinhlelo eziguquguqukayo eziyinkimbinkimbi ekuphileni kwansuku zonke. Ithrafikhi yomgwaqo omkhulu imele isenzakalo esinjalo esiphuthumayo. Sonke sabelana ngemithetho elula yomgwaqo futhi abashayeli bayamukela le mithetho ngamazinga ahlukahlukene (kuye ngokuthi uhlala kuphi) lapho behamba ngesondo. Njengoba kungekho muntu oxhumanisa lezi zimo ngokuqondile, isimo siyashintshashintsha, kodwa siyazihlela sibe yithrafikhi ehlelekile.
Njengethrafikhi, izinhlelo eziguquguqukayo eziyinkimbinkimbi zakhiwe izici eziningi ezizimele noma ama-ejenti, okuholela emiphumeleni ephuthumayo evame ukuba nzima—noma engenakwenzeka—ukubikezela ngokubheka ukusebenzisana komuntu ngamunye.
Ukuze uguquko lwebhizinisi luphumelele, abaholi kufanele baqale bakhulume nezinhlangano zabo njengezinto eziphilayo eziguquguqukayo, ezingaqondile. Kufanele-ke bathole ukuqonda mayelana nendawo yamanje, ngokuvamile engabekwa ngokusemthethweni, imithetho ehlela ukuziphatha nokucabanga endaweni okufanele kuguqulwe. Uma isihlukanisiwe, noma sembulwe, le mithetho idinga ukuhoxiswa noma ukuncishiswa. Kulapho kuphela lapho ungasungula khona okusha futhi ukusebenzise ku-hardwire yebhizinisi.
Uguquko ngokumelene noshintsho
Ngaphambi kokuchaza inqubo, kunesici esisodwa esengeziwe okufanele kuhlanganiswe kuqala: uguquko noguquko azifani.
Ngokwemibono ekhona etholakala ezincwadini eziningi zokuphatha, uguquko lumane nje “lushintsho olukhulu.” Akukhona nje ukuthi lokhu kungezwani kuyingozi, kodwa futhi kuphuca izinkampani nezinhlangano amathuba abalulekile ezinzuzo zangempela zokuncintisana kanye nempumelelo yenhlangano.
Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi uguquko, ngokobunjalo balo, lusekelwe kulokho obekukhona futhi lusigcina sinamathele esikhathini esedlule. Uguquko ngakolunye uhlangothi—ikakhulukazi phakathi kwezinhlelo eziguquguqukayo eziyinkimbinkimbi—ludinga izinqubo eziguquguqukayo ezihamba phambili ezisiphoqa ukuthi sibhekane neqiniso futhi sihlukanise iqiniso nokuhumusha.
Ngokuhlehlisa izinkolelo osekunesikhathi eside zikhona nemibono eyiphutha, singakha isikhala sokuklama nokusebenzisa isimo esisha sesikhathi esizayo—esiwumgogodla wazo zonke izinguquko zebhizinisi.
Umfelandawonye wabaholi
Ukudala izimo zokuvela kwekusasa elihlosiwe—noma ukuphatha okungalawuleki ngaphakathi izinhlelo eziguquguqukayo eziyinkimbinkimbi-amabhizinisi ahlakaniphile ukusebenzisa amandla imifelandawonye yobuholi.
Uma kubhekwa ngeso eliyinkimbinkimbi, imifelandawonye yobuholi yakhiwe ama-ejenti abaholi abahlelekile nabangekho emthethweni asebenzela ukufeza umgomo ofanayo. Kuwuhlobo lwesibopho sokwabelana lapho isikhundla sobuholi singagxili kumuntu oyedwa, kodwa sabelwa abaningi.
Ukwakha imifelandawonye yobuholi enamandla, gxila ekubandakanyeni abaholi abavela emazingeni ahlukene, izindawo ezibanzi, kanye nemisebenzi eyahlukene. I umqulu womfelandawonye wabaholi ukuhola, ukuqapha, nokwenza uguquko, kanye nokwabelana ngombono webhizinisi elisha, kokubili ngokwezinjongo zamasu kanye nezifiso.
Ukubhalisa ukuguqulwa
Ukuze kuvikelwe ukuhleleka, amaqembu asezingeni eliphansi adedela amandla awo ukuze athonye izinhliziyo nezingqondo zezifunda ezibalulekile ebhizinisini lonke. Kuleli qembu, noma ubani osendaweni yokusebenzela angaba umholi ngokusebenzisa imali yezenhlalakahle.
Njengoba kuchaziwe, abajameli amaqembu abelana ngezibopho noma izinto ezibakhathazayo—akudingi ukuthi bonke babe ngabasekeli bomongameli abakhulu noma bahlale ndawonye endaweni efanayo. Isibonelo, indawo eyodwa okungaba khona kungaba ama-ejenti asebenenkampani ngaphezu kweminyaka eyi-15 futhi asebezothatha umhlalaphansi. Leli qembu ngokwalo lizokwabelana ngezinto eziningi ezikhathazayo ezifanayo futhi ngokusiza ithimba lokubhalisa elihlanganisa umuntu oyedwa noma ngaphezulu kuleli qembu, amaqembu angaba namathuba aphezulu okuwina izinhliziyo nezingqondo ukuze aqhubekele esenzweni.
Uma ama-ejenti ebhizinisini esebhaliswe ngempela kuqhinga namaqhinga abekwe umfelandawonye wobuholi, inhlangano ingazizwa iqiniseka ngohambo lwayo oluya kuguquko. Nakuba ukuntula umfutho ngokuvamile kungaphazamisa imizamo eminingi yoguquko, amathimba okubhalisa ayakwazi ukusimamisa ukuzibophezela okudingekayo ukuze kuzuzwe uguquko.
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