Kubantu abaningi, iwolintshi eliluhlaza liyilokho nje—iwolintshi. Kodwa-ke, ama-accountants abona izinto ngendlela ehlukile futhi ahlukanise into ngokuya ngokusetshenziswa kwayo. Bazoyiqopha njengempahla yabathengi uma ithengiswe ngokuqondile noma njengemali enhle uma amabhizinisi eyisebenzisela ukukhiqiza ijusi yawolintshi. Lo mehluko ugqamisa iphuzu elibalulekile: izimpahla ezinkulu ziyizimpahla ezisetshenziselwa ukudala eminye imikhiqizo, kuyilapho umthengi izimpahla yimikhiqizo yokugcina abathengi abayithengayo.
Lesi sihloko sizohlola yonke into amabhizinisi adinga ukuyazi mayelana nempahla enkulu futhi izonikeza amathiphu wokuthi yini okufanele icatshangelwe ngaphambi kokukhetha lezi zinto ezibalulekile.
Okuqukethwe
Ziyini izimpahla ezinkulu?
Yiziphi izinhlobo eziyinhloko zezimpahla ezinkulu?
Yini okufanele amabhizinisi ayicabangele lapho ethenga izimpahla ezinkulu?
Ukuhlanganisa
Ziyini izimpahla ezinkulu?
Noma yiziphi izimpahla ezibonakalayo izinkampani ezizisebenzisayo ukwenza imikhiqizo noma ukunikeza amasevisi ziwela ngaphansi kwezimpahla ezinkulu. Ngenkathi abantu bethenga izimpahla zabathengi ukuze bazisebenzisele bona, izimpahla ezinkulu zibalulekile ekusebenzeni kwebhizinisi ngalinye.
Imvamisa, ababhali bamabhuku ezimali bazoklelisa izimpahla ezinkulu njengempahla, imboni, noma okokusebenza ezitatimendeni zezimali. Bazophinde balandelele ukwehla kwenani ukuze amabhizinisi azi lapho izimpahla zabo ezinkulu sezisondele ekulahlekelweni inani noma zicishe ziphele.
Thatha ibhizinisi elikhiqiza amajusi awolintshi, isibonelo. Bangase basebenzise wonke amawolintshi abo ngesikhathi sokukhiqizwa kwanyanga zonke uma bethenga iloli lamawolintshi aluhlaza. Izitatimende zezimali zizobonisa ukuthi ibhizinisi kufanele lithenge nini okwengeziwe ukuze ligcine izinto zihamba kahle. Ngokufanayo, izinto ezisetshenziselwa ukucubungula amawolintshi zizoguga futhi ekugcineni zidinga ukushintshwa.
Yiziphi izinhlobo eziyinhloko zezimpahla ezinkulu?
Amabhizinisi angahlukanisa izimpahla ezinkulu zibe izinhlobo ezinhlanu, kuye ngendima yazo kanye nomsebenzi wazo ngesikhathi sokukhiqiza.
Imishini nemishini
Lesi sigaba cishe yinto yokuqala umuntu ayicabangayo lapho ecabanga ngempahla enkulu. Imishini nemishini ihlanganisa wonke amathuluzi asetshenziswa amabhizinisi ukuze kukhishwe izinsiza, ukukhiqiza, ukuxhumana, neminye imisebenzi. Ezinye izibonelo ezivamile zihlanganisa:
- Imigqa yomhlangano
- Imishini yekhishi
- Izingxenyekazi zekhompuyutha namaseva wedatha
- Amathuluzi okwakheka kwezwe
- Amarobhothi ezimboni
- uhlelo
Izinto ezisetshenziswayo kanye nezingxenye
Olunye uhlobo lwezimpahla ezinkulu ezidingwa ngamabhizinisi yizinto zokusetshenziswa kanye nezingxenye. Lena imikhiqizo enesibopho sokudala izimpahla zabathengi noma ukusebenzisa imishini. Nazi izibonelo ezinhle kakhulu:
- Izikulufu, amantongomane, namabhawodi
- Indwangu, isikhumba, nezinye upholstery
- Wood
- Izithako zokupheka ezifana nofulawa, amafutha, ushukela, nosawoti
- I-petroli
Izimoto
Izinkampani zingaphinde zibheke izimoto njengempahla enkulu uma ziyisebenzisela ukuhambisa izinto noma imikhiqizo ngaphakathi kwebhizinisi. Izibonelo zalokhu zihlanganisa:
- Izimoto zokuthutha abasebenzi ezindaweni zokusebenza
- Amaloli okulethwa
- Amaloli afakwe esiqandisini
- Amaloli ethangi
- Ama-forklift e-warehouse
- amaveni ezimpahla
- Amaloli asetshenziswayo
- I-Cranes
Software
Isoftware iwela ngaphansi kwezimpahla ezinkulu lapho amabhizinisi eyisebenzisa ukuthuthukisa ukusebenza kwawo. Ngokungafani nesofthiwe yabathengi ukuze uzisebenzisele umuntu siqu noma ukuzijabulisa, isofthiwe yebhizinisi iyadingeka ukuze kukhuliswe ukusebenza kahle nokukhiqiza. Izibonelo zifaka:
- Izinhlelo ze-Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP).
- Isofthiwe ye-computer-aid design (CAD).
- Amasistimu okwenziwa kokukhiqiza (MES)
- Isofthiwe ye-data analytics kanye ne-business intelligence (BI).
- Isofthiwe yokuphatha ubudlelwane bekhompyutha (CRM).
- Amathuluzi okuphatha izimali kanye nokubalwa kwezimali
- Isofthiwe yokuphatha iketango
- Izinhlelo zokuphatha inkundla yezokuxhumana
Izinsiza nezakhiwo
Izinsiza nezakhiwo zihlinzeka ngezindawo ezibonakalayo lapho amabhizinisi esebenza khona, agcina imikhiqizo, futhi ephatha imisebenzi yansuku zonke. Izibonelo zifaka:
- Izindawo zokugcina
- Izitolo zokuthengisa
- Izikhungo zedatha
- Izitshalo zokukhiqiza
- Izindawo zamahhovisi nezakhiwo
- Izikhungo zokusabalalisa
Yini okufanele amabhizinisi ayicabangele lapho ethenga izimpahla ezinkulu?
1. Ibhizinisi lidinga
Ngaphambi kokuba amabhizinisi athenge noma iziphi izisetshenziswa, kufanele azichaze ngokucacile izidingo zawo. Kungani izinkampani zingadinga leyo laptop noma iphrinta entsha? Ingabe ibalulekile, noma into nje okubonakala kumnandi ukuba nayo? Kubalulekile ukuhlola inhloso ethile yesisetshenziswa, noma ngabe okokuthuthukisa ukuthengiswa, ukuthuthukisa ukuxhumana kwehhovisi, ukusheshisa izinqubo zokwenza izinqumo, noma imisebenzi yokuzenzakalela.
Enye indlela eqinisekile amabhizinisi angaqeda ngayo lesi sinyathelo iwukuba abhale ohlwini lwemisebenzi ebalulekile adinga ukuyifeza. Bese, bangabheka ukuthi izisetshenziswa zizobasiza yini ukuzifeza noma uma kukhona enye indlela engcono (njengokuqasha). Kuyisinyathelo esidingekayo sokusiza amabhrendi akhethe amathuluzi afanele ahlangabezana ngokuphumelelayo nemigomo yawo yebhizinisi.
2. Izindleko zemishini
Izindleko zento ethile ngokuvamile zibonisa ukubaluleka kwayo nokusebenza kahle kwayo. Ngamanye amazwi, uma amabhizinisi efuna okungcono kakhulu, kufanele alungele ukukukhokhela. Ukwazi ukuthi ibhizinisi lidinga ini kuzosiza amabhrendi aqonde izici ezithile namakhono okufanele awabheke.
Kodwa nakuba ukufuna amadili angcono kakhulu kungokwemvelo, ngezinye izikhathi ukunciphisa izindleko akufanelekile. Uma okokusebenza kubalulekile futhi kunikeza izinzuzo ezibalulekile, kungase kudingeke ukuthi utshale imali eyengeziwe ukuze uqinisekise ukuthi amabhizinisi athola imikhiqizo yekhwalithi ephezulu eyanelisa zonke izindlela.
3. Izinga lokuqeqeshwa kwabasebenzi
Esinye isici esibalulekile ukuthi abasebenzi bayakudinga yini ukuqeqeshwa ukuze basebenzise imishini emisha ngokuphepha. Ingabe banalo ulwazi lokuyisebenzisa ngokuphumelelayo? Ingabe bayodinga ukuqeqeshwa okwengeziwe, futhi lokho kuyobiza malini? Ukuba nemishini okungekho muntu ongayisebenzisa akusizi, futhi ukuvumela abasebenzi abangaqeqeshiwe baphathe imishini eyinkimbinkimbi kuyingozi.
Kufana nokucela umfundi wesikole samabanga aphezulu ukuthi aqhube isikhungo senuzi esiyingozi, esingase sibangele amaphutha, ukulungiswa okumba eqolo, noma ngisho nezingozi. Ukuqeqeshwa okufanele kuqinisekisa ukuphepha komsebenzi, kukhulisa amandla eqembu, futhi kusiza ukugcina abasebenzi abanekhono.
4. Izindleko zokunakekela
Kuzobiza malini ukugcina lesi sisetshenziswa sisebenza? Ingabe izindleko ziyalawuleka, noma zizokhinyabeza isabelomali? Amabhizinisi kufanele athole ukuthi zinganciphisa kanjani lezi zindleko ngempumelelo.
Nakuba ukunakekelwa kubalulekile, akufanele kuphule ibhange. Lapho ukhetha izimpahla ezinkulu, cabangela izinketho ezinokwethenjelwa ezidinga isevisi engavamile. Ngale ndlela, amabhizinisi angakwazi ukwaba izinsiza ezicini ezibaluleke kakhulu kuyilapho egcina yonke into isebenza kahle.
I-5. Ikhwalithi
Kuhlale kukuhle ukubeka kuqala ikhwalithi kunobuningi. Izisetshenziswa zekhwalithi zihlala isikhathi eside futhi zisebenza ngokuphumelelayo. Amabhizinisi kufanele aqinisekise ukuthi umphakeli abathenga kuye izimpahla ezinkulu unokubuyekezwa okuhle kwabasebenzisi futhi anikeze izisetshenziswa ezihlangabezana namazinga aphezulu. Kungenjalo, amabhrendi angathintana nochwepheshe ukuze awasize ekukhetheni okungcono kakhulu ngokusekelwe emisebenzini ebalulekile ayidingayo.
6. Izidingo zamandla
Lapho uthenga izimpahla ezinkulu, khumbula ukuthi cishe yonke into idinga amandla ukuze isebenze. Abanikazi bamabhizinisi kufanele bazibuze, “Ingabe nginawo ugesi owanele wokuphehla lowo mshini (njengesiqandisi esinamandla amakhulu sendawo yokudlela)?” Uma amabhizinisi azi ukuthi mangakanani amandla azowadinga ukuze aqhube yonke into ngokushelela, angahlola ukuthi angayenza kanjani kahle noma acabangele ezinye izindlela zokugcina izindleko zamandla zisezingeni.
7. Ukuzuza
Lezi zisetshenziswa zizokwengeza inani elingakanani ebhizinisini? Ingabe izobaluleka ngaphezu kwalokho abanikazi bamabhizinisi abakulindele? Cabanga ukuthi yimalini imishini engasiza ekukhiqizeni (ngokuqondile noma ngokungaqondile) futhi uqhathanise lokho nesimo samanje ngaphandle kwayo ukuze ulinganise inzuzo. Ungalokothi uthenge izimpahla ezinkulu ngenxa yalokho.
8. Izinga lokwehla kwenani
Cabanga ukuthi umshini uzohlala isikhathi esingakanani nokuthi usazohlinzeka ngenani elihle yini. Ukuphila isikhathi eside kwezisetshenziswa ngokuvamile kuncike ezintweni abakhiqizi abazisebenzisayo ukuzenza. Ngokwesibonelo, imishini enezingxenye ze-aluminium ngokuvamile ihlala isikhathi eside kunaleyo enensimbi (njengoba insimbi ingagqwala). Ngakho-ke, amabhizinisi kufanele acabangele impahla yemishini yawo nokuthi angakwazi yini ukuphatha ukusetshenziswa okuvamile ngaphandle kokuwohloka.
Ukuhlanganisa
Izimpahla ezinkulu zibalulekile ekusebenzeni kahle kwebhizinisi. Kodwa-ke, izimpahla ezinkulu kwesinye isikhathi zidinga ukutshalwa kwezimali okukhulu, okusho ukuthi aziyona into amabhizinisi angathenga ngayo ngokuthanda kwakhe. Ngokujabulisayo, izinkampani zingagwema ukuthenga izinto zokusebenza ezingazidingi ngokucabangela amathiphu ayisishiyagalombili okukhulunywe ngawo kulesi sihloko.
