Umhlahlandlela Wakho Wezinto Ezisetshenziswa Kabusha Zepulasitiki

Njengoba umhlaba uhlanganisa ngokugcwele ukuphila “okuluhlaza”, isidingo semishini yokugaywa kabusha kwepulasitiki siyakhula ezimbonini eziningi ezisebenza ngezinto ezisetshenziswayo ezahlukahlukene. Esikhundleni sokulahla le mikhiqizo, izinto zepulasitiki ezingasebenzi zingasizwa, zincibilikiswe, futhi ziphinde zihloselwe eminye imikhiqizo yokugcina.

Kunezinhlobo eziningi zemishini yokugaywa kabusha kwepulasitiki engasetshenziswa ukuphinda usebenzise amapulasitiki futhi awenze asebenziseke kabusha kweminye imikhiqizo. Kusukela emigqeni ye-pelletizing extrusion nama-pelletizer kuya kuma-shredders nama-granulator, le mishini ingakwazi ukudiliza izingcezu zepulasitiki ezinkulu zibe yizinhlayiya ezincane, ezingancibilika bese zibunjwa zibe umkhiqizo omusha.

Lo mhlahlandlela uzogqamisa imakethe yemishini yokugaywa kabusha kwepulasitiki, bese unikeza uhlu lwezingxenye eziyisithupha eziphezulu zemishini okufanele abathengi bazazi.

Okuqukethwe
Imakethe yezinto zokwenziwa kabusha kwepulasitiki
I-musk-know plastic recycling imishini
Imaphi amapulasitiki agaywe kabusha ajwayeleke kakhulu?
Izinzuzo zokusebenzisa izinto zokugaywa kabusha zepulasitiki
Isiphetho

Imakethe yezinto zokwenziwa kabusha kwepulasitiki

Usayizi wemakethe womshini wokugaya kabusha wepulasitiki ubikezelwa ukuthi uzokhula ngesilinganiso sokukhula sonyaka esiyinhlanganisela (CAGR) ka-5.4% phakathi kuka-2022 no-2023. Ngaphezu kwalokho, usayizi wemakethe womshini wokwenza kabusha ipulasitiki ulinganiselwa ukuthi uzofinyelela esilinganisweni se US$481.2 million ngo-2031. Ipulasitiki imishini yokugaywa kabusha sebenzisa ubuchwepheshe obuthuthukisiwe ukuze ubuyisele izinto ezilahliwe zepulasitiki futhi uzicubungule zibe imikhiqizo ewusizo.

Imishini yesimanje yokwenza kabusha ipulasitiki ingakwazi ukucubungula noma yiluphi uhlobo lwempahla yepulasitiki. Futhi abadlali emakethe bagxile ekukhiqizeni imishini yekhwalithi ephezulu yokugaywa kabusha kwepulasitiki ukuvikela imvelo emiphumeleni eyingozi ebangelwa udoti wepulasitiki.

Le mishini inikeza ukusimama nokusebenza kahle. Imikhiqizo esetshenziselwe kabusha isetshenziswa ezintweni zikagesi neze-elekthronikhi, izingubo, ifenisha, izingxenye zezimoto, iziqukathi, amabhodlela, kanye nemboni yezokwakha, okukhiqiza inzuzo enenzuzo kubanikeli bemakethe.

Izinto eziyisi-6 zokugaywa kabusha zepulasitiki okufanele uzazi

Imishini yepulasitiki ye-granule

Imishini ye-granule isetshenziselwa ukuvuselela i-polypropylene, i-polyethylene, nezinye izinhlobo zama-polymers. Isebenza ngosizo lwe ama-extruders ukugaywa kabusha kanye nokubuyisela imfucuza yepulasitiki ukuze ifaneleke ukukhiqiza izinto ezingavuthiwe.

Esigabeni sokuqala, isebenzisa yayo i-agglomerator noma umshini wokuchoboza ukuze unciphise usayizi wamapulasitiki asetshenzisiwe kanye nokufana kwezinto ezibonakalayo. Ngemuva kokucubungula i-polymer, umkhiqizo ube usufakwa ku- ugogo ukukhiqiza i-granule impahla eluhlaza.

Ngenxa yama-heaters e-ceramic akhethekile, ukushisa kuhlala emshinini futhi isikhathi sokuqala sokufudumala siyancishiswa, futhi ukonga amandla kuqinisekiswa njalo. Futhi uhlelo lokulawula lwe-PLC lungasetshenziswa ukulawula zonke izindawo zokushisa, izisiki, namandla wehora. I-PLC iphinde ivimbele amaphutha abangelwa u-opharetha.

I-Granule extruder iza ngosayizi abahlukahlukene bokushintsha isikrini. Kokukodwa, iyunithi ye-nitrogen hydraulic ishintsha isikrini sokuhlunga ngaphansi kwesekhondi. Kukhona ne-granule die enenzwa yokucindezela. Uma isihlungi sigcwaliswa, inzwa izokala ingcindezi futhi iyishintshe ngokuzenzakalelayo.

Imishini ye-Agglomeration

Imishini ye-Agglomeration ingaguqula ngokomzimba impahla yepulasitiki exekethile ibe ama-chips angasetshenziswa ukondla i-hopper ye-extruder. Imishini ihlinzeka ngenqubo eyongayo yokuvuselela ama-polymer anezindonga ezincane.

Ama-agglomerator anama-blade amabili ajikelezayo phansi ukuze enze ukushisa nokungqubuzana. Inqubo ibangela izinto zepulasitiki ukuthi zifinyelele endaweni yokuthambisa. Kulesi sigaba, opharetha kuzodingeka engeze amanzi ukuze enze uhlobo oluthile lokushaqeka.

Ngemuva kokuthi amanzi ehwamukile, i-material iphuma emnyango wokukhipha osetshenziswayo njengama-chips. Ukwengeza, ama-agglomerator angasebenza njengezinto ezomisa izinto ezibonakalayo nama-densifiers.

Imishini yokuchoboza yepulasitiki i-granulator

Imishini yokuchoboza ziyisisetshenziswa esibalulekile sokugaywa kabusha. Bagaya amapulasitiki alahlwayo afana ne-PVC, i-ABS, i-PE, i-PP, i-PET, irabha, i-PS, kanye nezinto zokulahlwa kwe-PC. Kuye ngesicelo sekhasimende, ama-crusher epulasitiki akhiqiza phakathi kuka-300 kuya ku-1500 mm osayizi be-rotor abanomthamo ophakathi kuka-100 kg/h kuya ku-2000 kg/h.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, umshini une ipulasitiki granulator enama-blade angaguquki najikelezayo abekwe ukuze enze ukunyakaza kwesikelo. Inamandla amakhulu okuvimbela uthuli, ukushisa, nokungcoliswa komsindo. Ama-Crushers aphinde akhiqizwe ngezindlela zokushisela ze-MIG ezisindayo kanye namabheringi esindayo ukuze amunce ukudlidliza nokushaqeka okubangelwa ukuchotshozwa.

Isistimu ye-pelletizing yeplasitiki ehlanganisayo yokusika kabusha

Lolu hlelo lokuhlanganisa kanye ne-pelletizing lungolunye umshini wepulasitiki ogaywa kabusha ongasebenza ngawo. Ihlanganisa umsebenzi wokuhlanganisa, ukuchoboza, ukufakwa kwe-pelletizing, kanye ne-plasticization ibe yisinyathelo esisodwa. Lolu hlelo luyisixazululo esisebenza kahle nesinokwethenjelwa semicu yepulasitiki, ama-raffia, izikhwama ezilukiweyo, nezinto ezikhihliza amagwebu.

Imishini ye-conical granule

Ama-conical granule extruders ziwucezu lwemishini esetshenziselwa ukugaywa kabusha kwefilimu ye-polyethylene nezinto ezihlobene. Idizayini yomumo wesikulufu yenze kwaba nokwenzeka ukugaywa kabusha amapulasitiki ngokuqondile, ngisho nangaphandle kokucubungula ngaphambili okufana ne-agglomeration noma ukuchotshozwa.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, umshini ungakwazi kabusha izinto ezixekethile, ezifana iziqeshana zesikhwama sokuthenga, futhi uwaguqule abe ama-pellets ngokusebenzisa ama-conical granule extruders. Ngokufanayo, incibilikisa izinto zepulasitiki ngokukhipha nokuhlunga kusetshenziswa isihlungi esincibilikayo. Ngakho-ke kuyindlela elula nephumelelayo yokubuyisela kabusha impahla yepulasitiki eyinqwaba, ikakhulukazi udoti womkhiqizi.

Umshini wePlastiki micronizer

Lo mshini ungaguqula ama-resin epulasitiki, njengama-flakes noma ama-pellets, abe yimpushana. I-resin yepulasitiki kufanele ibe yimpushana ukuze ikhiqize imikhiqizo yokugcina. Isibonelo, inqubo yokubumba ejikelezayo kufanele ibe ne-micron-level powder resin ukuze kwenziwe imikhiqizo efana nezigubhu, iziqukathi, namathangi amanzi.

Imishini yepulasitiki eyi-micronizing yenzelwe ukuqala le nqubo. Umshini uguqula inhlaka yepulasitiki usebenzisa izindwani ezijikelezayo neziyisifanekiso ukuyicubungula. I-blade ejikelezayo enesivinini esikhulu ine-statuary counter blade egaya inhlaka yepulasitiki ibe yimpushana ecolekile, elungele ukugaywa kabusha kwepulasitiki.

Imaphi amapulasitiki agaywe kabusha ajwayeleke kakhulu?

Cishe wonke amapulasitiki ayagaywa kabusha. Kubalulekile ukuvuselela lawa mapulasitiki ukuze kwakhiwe indawo enempilo. Nokho, nazi izinhlobo ezivamile zepulasitiki ezingase zigaywe kabusha.

I-Polyvinyl chloride (PVC)

I-Polyvinyl chloride iyi-thermoplastic esetshenziselwa ukukhiqiza amapayipi, izintambo, amabhodlela, namafilimu okunamathela. Lolu hlobo lwepulasitiki luyavuseleleka.

I-Polyethylene terephthalate (PET)

I-polyethylene terephthalate enye i-thermoplastic evame ukusetshenziswa. Incane futhi ilungele imikhiqizo yokukhiqiza enengcindezi ephansi. Izinto ezifana nezintambo zokugqoka namabhodlela eziphuzo ezithambile ziyimikhiqizo egaywa kabusha eyenziwe nge-PET.

I-polyethylene ephakeme kakhulu (i-HDPE)

I-polyethylene ephezulu kakhulu futhi i-thermoplastic. Nokho, ithambile futhi ivumelana nezimo uma iqhathaniswa ne-PET ne-PVC. Izibonelo zemikhiqizo eyenziwe nge-HDPE amagalani namapayipi, avame ukugaywa kabusha.

I-polyethylene enezinga eliphansi (LDPE)

I-polyethylene ephansi iphambene ngokuqondile ne-HDPE. Ngokuvamile isetshenziselwa ukwenza izikhwama zepulasitiki. Kodwa-ke, le nto yepulasitiki ayisebenzi kabusha kalula. Ngakho, esikhundleni sokugaywa kabusha, ingahlanzwa futhi iphinde isetshenziselwe ezinye izinjongo.

Izinzuzo zokusebenzisa izinto zokugaywa kabusha zepulasitiki

Abaningi bangase bazibuze ukuthi ingabe ukusebenzisa imishini yokugaywa kabusha kwepulasitiki kuwufanele yini uma la mapulasitiki angasetshenziswa kabusha kalula ngezinye izinjongo. Kodwa iyonke imishini yokugaywa kabusha kwepulasitiki ibalulekile ngezinzuzo zayo zezomnotho, ezempilo, nezemvelo. Izinzuzo zokusebenzisa izinto zokugaywa kabusha kwepulasitiki zichazwe ngezansi.

• Kudinga amandla amancane ukukhiqiza amapulasitiki futhi kusiza ukulondoloza imithombo yemvelo.
• Ikhulula isidingo sokusebenzisa uphethiloli. Isibonelo, ithani lepulasitiki eligaywe kabusha yonga cishe amahora angu-7,200 kilowatt-amahora kagesi – cishe inani elifanayo lamandla okuphatha umuzi izinyanga eziyisikhombisa.
• Kuhamba ibanga elide ekulondolozeni imvelo.
• Ikhuthaza ukusimama.
• Kwenza kushibhe ukuthi izinkampani zisebenzise amapulasitiki agaywe kabusha.

Isiphetho

Ngokuthuthuka kwezobuchwepheshe ekusetshenzisweni kabusha kwepulasitiki, umqondo wokulawulwa kwemfucuza uya ngokuya ukhula. Namuhla, sekulula ukwenza kabusha ipulasitiki, ngisho nasezingeni lezimboni. Ngenxa yalokhu, izinkampani ekugcineni zamukela umqondo wendawo eluhlaza ngenxa yokulula kokuvuselela ipulasitiki ngobuchwepheshe.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, uma amabhizinisi emhlabeni jikelele ehlanganisa amasu okugaywa kabusha kwepulasitiki nokusebenzisa kabusha indlela yawo yokulawula udoti, kuzoba isinyathelo esikhulu ekuvikeleni nasekulondolozeni indawo yethu eyigugu. Ukuqalisa ukusetshenziswa okusebenzayo izinto zokugaywa kabusha zepulasitiki kuzokwenza lokhu kufezeke kakhulu.