Umhlahlandlela Wakho Wokuthola Iziphehli Zekhemikhali

Ama-reactor amakhemikhali adlala indima enkulu ekuhlukaniseni amakhemikhali kanye nenqubo yokukhiqiza. Ama-reactor asetshenziswe embonini iminyaka eminingi futhi afika ngezinhlobo eziningi, okuhlanganisa kokubili ama-homogenous catalysis reactors nama-heterogeneous catalysis reactors. Lezi ziphehlisi zamakhemikhali zitholakala kalula emakethe njengamanje. Kodwa-ke, kukhona abakhiqizi abahlukene be-reactor, kanye nezinhlobonhlobo zamamodeli, okwenza kube nzima ukwazi ama-reactor amakhemikhali afanelekile ongazithenga.

Lesi sihloko sizonikeza umbono wemakethe yama-reactor amakhemikhali, ngaphambi kokuxoxa ngezinhlobo ezahlukene zamakhemikhali noma ama-pharmacy reactor atholakalayo nokuthi ungakhetha kanjani uhlobo olufanele kanye nemodeli yezidingo zomuntu.

Okuqukethwe
Isabelo semakethe sama-reactor amakhemikhali
Izinhlobo zama-reactor amakhemikhali noma ezemithi
Ungawakhetha kanjani ama-reactor amakhemikhali afanele
Isiphetho

Isabelo semakethe sama-reactor amakhemikhali

Ngokuvamile, imboni yamakhemikhali ibe nokukhula okukhulu eminyakeni embalwa edlule. Kulindeleke ukuthi ikhule phakathi nenkathi esukela ku-2020 kuya ku-2030. Lokhu kukhula kuzohambisana nesidingo esandayo seziphehlisi zamakhemikhali ezisezingeni eliphezulu nezesimanje ukuze zisebenze kahle. I-Transparency Market Research igqamisa ukuthi imakethe ye-chemical reactors inesidingo esikhulu esivela kubasebenzisi bokugcina abambalwa ukuze inike amandla ukusebenza ngesikhathi esisodwa kwenqubo eyodwa.

Kunokuncintisana okukhulu okuvela kubadlali ababalulekile abafana ne-Rohco Inc, i-Dharma Engineering, ne-Hexamide Agrotech Inc. Laba bakhiqizi bazitike ngocwaningo nemisebenzi yokuthuthukisa ukuze bahlangabezane nezidingo zabathengi. Imakethe ye-chemical reactors izoqhubeka nokukhula ngenxa yalokhu kutshalwa kwezimali ukuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle.

Ngaso sonke isikhathi sokubikezela, isifunda sase-Asia Pacific sizofinyelela ukukhula okukhulu kuma-reactors amakhemikhali. Lokhu kungenxa yokwanda kwezimboni emazweni afana neChina neNdiya. Futhi, intuthuko efana nengxenye ye-eco-friendly reactor ibe nomphumela wamathuba okukhula emakethe. Ngokuphawulekayo, iSyzygy Plasmonics itshale imali I-USD 5.8 izigidi kumareactor amakhemikhali alungele imvelo.

Izinhlobo zama-reactor amakhemikhali noma ezemithi

1. Ama-reactor eqoqo

Ama-reactor eqoqo ama-reactors amakhemikhali lapho ama-reactants afakwa ezitsheni ezivaliwe, avunyelwe ukuxuba nokusabela, futhi izinto eziqediwe zisusiwe. Isici esihlakaniphile nge-batch sisho ukuthi okokusebenza kunesiqalo esichaziwe futhi kume ezinqubweni zokusabela. Asetshenziswa kakhulu embonini yamakhemikhali ukwenza ucwaningo nokuthuthukiswa kanye nokukhiqizwa kwezinga elincane. Ukusabela kwe-exothermic okudinga ukulawula okunembile kwengcindezi, izinga lokushisa, nesikhathi sokusabela kuyazuza ekululameni kwama-batch reactor. Zibuye zisetshenziswe emithini yemithi, yamakhemikhali, kanye izimboni zokudla neziphuzo.

2. Ama-reactors ethangi anyakaziswayo

Ama-reactor ethangi anyakazayo aqhubekayo (ama-CSTR) ama-reactor amakhemikhali abandakanyeka ekuphenduleni okuqhubekayo lapho ama-reactants ehlala efakwa ku-reactor njengoba imikhiqizo ikhishwa njalo. Ama-CSTR anemikhumbi eyisilinda enama-agitator axuba ama-reactants kuyilapho egcina okuqukethwe okulinganayo. Zinezimbobo zokungena neziphumayo zokufaka okungaphazamiseki nokuphumayo kwama-reactants nemikhiqizo. Imishini isetshenziswa kabanzi ku imboni yamakhemikhali ngenxa yekhono layo lokuthola ukusabela okuzinzile njengoba ukugxila kwama-reactants kanye nemikhiqizo kuhlala kungashintshi phakathi nangemuva kwenqubo.

3. Xhuma ama-reactors agelezayo

Xhuma ama-reactors agelezayo (ama-PFR) ama-reactor amakhemikhali anokondla okuqhubekayo kwama-reactants emkhunjini we-tubular lapho ageleza futhi asabele. Idizayini eyinhloko ye-PFR ihlanganisa ishubhu eqondile enezimbobo zokungena neziphumayo zamareactants nemikhiqizo, ngokulandelana. Ngendlela efana nepulaki, ama-reactants ageleza nge-reactor ye-tubular, lapho isendlalelo ngasinye sihamba ngaphandle kokuxhumana nezingqimba eziseduze. Kulokhu, kukhona ukulawula okunembile kokusabela, njengoba iphethini yokugeleza inikeza imikhiqizo efanayo. Asetshenziswa kakhulu ezimbonini zemithi, ama-polymers, nezimboni zamakhemikhali emazingeni okushisa aphezulu kanye nokusabela okunamandla.

4. Ama-Semi-batch reactor

Ama-Semi-batch reactor ama-reactor amakhemikhali ahlanganisa izici ze-batch nama-reactor aqhubekayo. Kanjalo, okusabelayo okukodwa noma ngaphezulu kudla ngokuqhubekayo ku-reactor ngenkathi okusabelayo okukodwa noma ngaphezulu kufakwa ngendlela ehlakaniphe ngenqwaba esiteshini esisodwa noma ngaphezulu ngesikhathi sokusabela. Ngaphandle kwedizayini yomkhumbi ovaliwe kanye ne-agitator kuma-reactor enqwaba, ama-semi-batch reactor anezimbobo ezengeziwe zokufakwayo okungaguquki nokunesikhashana kwama-reactants. Lesi sixhobo sigcina isivuno esiphezulu nokuguqulwa ngokulawula eduze kwezimo zokusabela. Ngokuvamile zisetshenziswa embonini yamakhemikhali, kwezemithi, nasekukhiqizeni i-polymer.

5. Ama-Catalytic reactors

Ama-reactors e-Catalytic ama-reactor amakhemikhali lapho i-catalyst isiza ukusabela. I-catalyst inciphisa ukwenza kusebenze amandla adingekayo ekuphenduleni futhi ngaleyo ndlela ikhulise izinga lokusabela ngenkathi inciphisa izinga lokushisa nokucindezela. Kukhona ama-catalytic reactor ahlukahlukene, okuhlanganisa umbhede omanzi, umbhede ongashintshi, nama-slurry reactors. Ukusetshenziswa kwama-catalytic reactors embonini yamakhemikhali kufaka phakathi i-oxidation, i-hydrogenation, kanye nokuqhekeka. Lokhu kusabela kudinga amazinga aphezulu okuguqulwa nokukhetha ukuze kukhiqizwe imithi enenani eliphezulu, amakhemikhali kaphethiloli, kanye nemikhiqizo yepulasitiki.

Ungawakhetha kanjani ama-reactor amakhemikhali afanele

I-1. Isicelo

Izici zohlelo lokusebenza zifaka imvelo yokusabela, isikali sokusebenza, izimo zokusabela ezifiselekayo, kanye nesivuno esidingekayo kanye nobumsulwa. Ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukusebenza kahle kokusabela, ukuphepha, kanye nesivuno somkhiqizo, abathengi kufanele bakhethe uhlobo olufanele lwe-reactor yamakhemikhali yezinhlelo zokusebenza ezithile. Isibonelo, ama-batch reactor asetshenziswa emikhakheni emihle yamakhemikhali, eyekhemisi, neyokudla emisebenzini emincane yokusabela. Ama-flow reactor aqhubekayo afanele ukusabela okukhulu kwe-polymer kanye ne-petrochemical production. Ukwengeza, ama-reactors ethangi anyakaziswayo anohlu olubanzi lwezinhlelo zokusebenza ku-esterification, i-polymerization, kanye ne-oxidation.

2. Imiqulu yokusebenza

Umthamo wokusebenza we-reactor yamakhemikhali ubandakanya umthamo womkhumbi we-reactor othathwe ama-reactants ngesikhathi sokusabela. Lokhu kuncike kumthamo wokukhiqiza odingekayo, izindleko zemishini, kanye nokutholakala. Ngokuvamile, ama-reactor amancane ahlinzeka ngokuhlukahluka kodwa anevolumu ephansi yokusebenza. Ngokuphambene, ama-reactor amakhulu abiza kakhulu futhi asebenza kahle, nakuba edinga izinyathelo zokuphepha nezinqubo eziyinkimbinkimbi. Ama-Microreactors ahlinzeka ngobubanzi bevolumu yokusebenza 1-10 microliters. Ama-reactor amakhemikhali esilinganiso selebhu angathola amavolumu okusebenza we 100-400 amamililitha. Ama-reactor esikali sokuhlola anemiqulu yokusebenza 20-150 amalitha. Ukwengeza, ama-reactors esilinganiso sezimboni ahlinzeka ngamavolumu okusebenza asukela phakathi 400 kuya Amamitha ayi-1900 cubic.

3. I-viscosity yokuqukethwe

Abathengi kufanele bacabangele i-viscosity, okuyisilinganiso sokumelana nokugeleza koketshezi, futhi kunomthelela omkhulu ekwakhiweni nasekusebenzeni kwe-reactor yamakhemikhali. Lokhu kuncike ekuphenduleni kinetics, izakhiwo ze-rheological reactants, kanye nemishini nezidingo zenqubo. Kanjalo, izinto ezine-viscosity ephezulu zidinga amathuluzi akhethekile kanye nokuguqulwa kokuxuba okuphumelelayo, ukudluliswa kokushisa, nokuvimbela ukuvala. Isibonelo, ama-reactors anyakazisiwe aphatha izinhlobonhlobo zama-viscosities. Lokhu kusuka ku-viscosity ephansi kuya emaphakathi futhi ingashintshwa ukuze isetshenziswe ngezinto ezibonisa i-viscosity ephezulu. Kodwa-ke, ama-viscosity aphezulu abangela ukuvinjelwa kanye namaphethini okugeleza okungajwayelekile, okunciphisa ukusebenza kahle kokusabela. Ngokwesilinganiso, ekuphenduleni kwamakhemikhali okuningi, i-viscosity yama-reactants kufanele ibe phansi kakhulu, nobubanzi obungange ngaphansi kuka-1 centipoise (cP) ukuya emakhulwini ambalwa amasenti.

4. Izincibilikisi ezisetshenzisiwe

Ngokuvamile, izincibilikisi ezisetshenziswa ekuphenduleni kwamakhemikhali zithinta i-reactor kinetics, ukusebenza kwe-reactor, kanye nezakhiwo zomkhiqizo. Abathengi kufanele bacabangele izici zomzimba nezamakhemikhali zezincibilikisi, izimo zokusabela ezifiselekayo, kanye nemishini nezidingo zenqubo. Kanjalo, izincibilikisi ezinamanzi ezisetshenziswa ku-organic synthesis kanye nokusabela kwamakhemikhali e-biochemical zingenziwa kuma-reactors ethangi anyakaziswayo ukuze kudluliswe ukushisa okuphumelelayo nokuxutshwa. Izincibilikisi ezingezona e-polar njengotshwala obusetshenziswa ekuhlanganiseni kwezinto eziphilayo zingenziwa emathangeni anyakazisiwe, umbhede owuketshezi, kanye nama-reactor anemibhede engashintshi. Izinyibilikisi eziguquguqukayo zidinga ama-reactors akhethekile njengama-reactor aqhubekayo kanye ne-batch distillation.

I-5. Izindleko

Abathengi kufanele baqaphele ukuthi izindleko zama-reactors amakhemikhali zincike ezintweni ezihlukahlukene. Lezi zici zifaka usayizi, izinto ezisetshenziswa ekwakhiweni, ubunkimbinkimbi, nezimo zokusebenza. Kufanele futhi bacabangele izidingo zenqubo, ukucaciswa kwe-reactor, kanye nezinzuzo ezingaba khona zokutshala izimali. Isibonelo, ama-batch reactor ashibhile kunama-reactor aqhubekayo ngenxa yokwakheka kwawo okulula. Ama-reactor aqhubekayo anekhwalithi yomkhiqizo engcono kanye nokusebenza kahle kwenqubo ekukhiqizweni kwevolumu ephezulu. Izindleko ezimaphakathi zama-reactor aqhubekayo zisukela I-USD 10,000 kuya I-USD 50,000. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, izindleko zama-reactors aphezulu ezimbonini ziqala I-USD 30,000.

Isiphetho

Ukuthola ama-reactor amakhemikhali afanelekile ezisetshenziswa ezithile kudinga ukucatshangelwa ngokucophelela kwezinto ezishiwo kumhlahlandlela ongenhla. Kunzima kakhulu uma abathengi beqonda izidingo zezinqubo zamakhemikhali. Izinto zokusebenza kufanele futhi zinikeze inani elikhulu lokutshalwa kwezimali okwenziwe. Ukuze ufunde kabanzi, noma ukubuka ukufakwa kuhlu kwemikhiqizo yezimpendulo zamakhemikhali zekhwalithi ephezulu, vakashela Chovm.com.