Umhlahlandlela Wakho Wabavuni Abangcono Kakhulu Irayisi ngo-2024

Ukuvunwa kwerayisi kungaba umsebenzi wezandla onzima kakhulu kwabaningi emazweni asathuthuka, kodwa kuwuhlelo olukhulu lwezimboni emazweni amaningi athuthukile. Imishini yokuvuna irayisi ziza ngobukhulu obuhlukahlukene namandla futhi zingadlala indima ebalulekile kuzo zonke iziphetho zesikali. Lesi sihloko sibheka amanye amamodeli aphezulu atholakala emakethe ye-inthanethi, futhi sinikeza abathengi amathiphu abalulekile okuthola amamodeli angcono kakhulu ohlu lwezinhlelo zokusebenza.

Okuqukethwe
Imakethe yomhlaba wonke ehlongozwayo yabavuni berayisi
Yiziphi izidingo eziyinhloko zokuvuna irayisi?
Ukukhethwa kwamamodeli okuvuna irayisi atholakalayo
Yini okufanele uyicabangele lapho ukhetha umshini wokuvuna irayisi
Imicabango yokugcina

Imakethe yomhlaba wonke ehlongozwayo yabavuni berayisi

Izilimo zelayisi zitshalwa emazweni angaphezu kuka-120 emhlabeni jikelele. Amaphesenti angama-90 okukhiqizwa komhlaba avela e-Asia, kanti i-China ne-India kungabakhiqizi abakhulu kunawo wonke ngo-52% womkhiqizo womhlaba. I-Bangladesh, i-Indonesia, i-Vietnam, i-Japan kanye namazwe aseNingizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia anikela ingxenye enkulu ye-38% eyengeziwe yokukhiqiza yase-Asia. ENingizimu Melika, iBrazil ingumkhiqizi ohamba phambili cishe ku-3% wesivuno serayisi somhlaba wonke, futhi eNyakatho Melika, i-US inomlando omude wokutshala ilayisi, ikhiqiza cishe u-2% womkhiqizo womhlaba wonke.

Amazwe amaningi asathuthuka anezindawo ezinezintaba noma ezinamagquma zokutshala ilayisi, nabalimi abaningi abancane. Bangase bathole ukutshalwa kwezimali ekuvuneni irayisi ngemishini, kungenangqondo noma okungathetheleleki, ikakhulukazi uma kuqhathaniswa nezindleko zabasebenzi bendawo. Kodwa-ke, emazweni athuthuke kakhulu, ukulima irayisi kuyimboni enkulu futhi ukuzenzekelayo kuwukutshalwa kwezimali okudingekayo.

Ngokukhula kwenani labantu emhlabeni wonke, kunesidingo esikhulayo sokukhiqizwa okuphezulu kwerayisi nokolweni, okukhuthaza ukusetshenziswa okukhulu kobuchwepheshe ukuze kwandiswe ukusebenza kahle. Imakethe yomhlaba wonke yezivuni ezihlanganisayo, ukuze kuvunwe ilayisi, ukolweni nobhontshisi wesoya, kulindeleke ukuthi ikhule ngezinga elinempilo elihlanganisiwe lokukhula ngonyaka. (CAGR) ka-4.5% ukusuka enanini lama-US $ 52.74 wezigidi ngo-2024, kuya ngaphezulu kwama-US $ 62.8 wezigidi ngo-2028..

Yiziphi izidingo eziyinhloko zokuvuna irayisi?

Ilayisi isitshalo se-cereal futhi, njengezinye izitshalo ze-cereal, iwuhlobo lotshani. Ngokungafani nezinye izitshalo zokusanhlamvu, irayisi likhula emanzini, licwiliswe phakathi kuka-2” kuya ku-4” (5-10 cm) emasimini aniselwayo, futhi irayisi lihlala licwile emanzini phakathi nenkathi yokukhula. Ezingxenyeni eziningi zase-Asia, amasimu elayisi akhiwe ezansi namagquma ngendlela enezitebhisi, ezinezintaba ezinjengezintaba zase-Himalaya ezingezinye zezindawo ezikhula kakhulu ngokwedlulele.

Izitebhisi nezivame ukukhuphuka irayisi ezweni lonke lase-Asia zenza amasimu elayisi angasebenzi emishinini emikhulu, ngakho ukuvunwa kwerayisi kuvame ukwenziwa ngezandla futhi kudinga umsebenzi omkhulu. Kodwa-ke, ezifundeni ezithuthukile nezithuthukile, amasimu elayisi asakazwa ezindaweni eziningi ezivulekile, ngakho ukuvuna kungenziwa ngemishini kakhudlwana futhi kusetshenziswe imishini yokuvuna irayisi.

Uma sekuyisikhathi sokuvuna, amasimu ayakhishwa futhi amasimu e-paddy ayoma, nakuba amanye azohlala evalekile ukuze kuvunwe. Amanzi otshani berayisi ancipha aze afike ku-20-25% ngesikhathi sokuvuna, okusho ukuthi izinhlanga zelayisi zisamanzi kakhulu lapho zivunwa.

Lapho uvuna irayisi mathupha, irayisi liyasikwa kuqala, noma livunwe, bese lipakishwa. Ingxenye yokusanhlamvu edliwayo yerayisi bese ihlukaniswa ngesandla notshani ngokushaywa (ukubhula). Ngemva kokubhula, irayisi kuyodingeka ihlanzwe ukuze kuhlukaniswe utshani obusele, amatshe, ne-paddy. Irayisi libe seliyomiswa kuze kube yilapho amanzi ehlile aze afike ku-14%, ngaphambi kokugaywa ukuze kukhishwe amakhoba, noma ngaphambi kokugcinwa. Irayisi elimanzi ngeke ligaye kahle, noma lizoheha isikhunta endaweni yokugcina.

Lapho ezenzela inqubo yokuvuna irayisi, umlimi angase akhethe umshini wokuvuna kuphela, noma akhethe umshini wokuvuna irayisi. Abavuni belayisi ziwuhlobo lwesivuni esihlanganisayo sokuvuna irayisi kunezinye izinhlamvu zezinhlamvu, nakuba zingakwazi ukuphatha izitshalo eziningi. Umsebenzi 'wokuhlanganisa' usho ukuthi bangavuna, babhule, bahlanze futhi bawine konke ngephasi eyodwa.

Ngokuvamile afakwa amathrekhi enjoloba ukuze abambe amasimu e-paddy amanzi, futhi uma utshani berayisi bumanzi kakhulu, umvuni angase angasebenzisi umsebenzi wokwela ukuze ahlukanise ilayisi namakhoba.

Abavuni belayisi bavamise ukushayelwa udizili futhi banamandla asukela ku-10 hp kuya ku-450 hp. Amamodeli amaningi anenani eliphansi awomshini kuphela, kodwa amamodeli akamuva namakhulu asebenzisa ubuchwepheshe benzwa obuthuthukisiwe ukuze kukhuliswe ukuthwebula okusanhlamvu nokunciphisa ukulahlekelwa.

Ukukhethwa kwamamodeli okuvuna irayisi atholakalayo

Ama-Mini ahlanganisa abavuni

Emapulazini amaningi erayisi emikhaya emincane, ikakhulukazi emazweni asathuthuka, ukutshalwa kwezimali kwezobuchwepheshe kuwukuzibophezela okukhulu uma kuqhathaniswa nomsebenzi wendawo. Ngakho emasimini amancane, umshini wokuvuna irayisi omncane omthamo omncane ungase ube ukuvumelana okufanelekile phakathi komshini nomsebenzi wezandla.

Abavuni abancane kakhulu bangase bavune futhi babophe kuphela, kodwa bayahambiseka kalula. Abanye abavuni berayisi bangavuna futhi babhule utshani berayisi, bahlanze futhi bahlukanise irayisi notshani. Azinawo umthamo omkhulu wokubamba okusanhlamvu okuningi, ngakho-ke kukhishwa esitolo ukuze kuqoqwe ngamasaka noma kwezinye izitsha.

Lokhu kulula imodeli yokuvuna uvuna futhi ubophe izinhlanga, kodwa akabhuli noma ahlanze irayisi ezinhlangeni. Ngama-hp angu-8-12 kuphela kanye nobubanzi bokusika obungu-3.2 ft (1m), kuzonciphisa umzamo owenziwe ngesandla wokuhlanza insimu yerayisi (noma ukolweni), kodwa kushiye eminye imisebenzi emsebenzini wezandla. Le modeli ingumshini ohamba ngemva, onamasondo, futhi itholakala phakathi kuka-US$ 4,000 no-US$ 4,500.

Okuncane isivuni serayisi esilandelelwe ngenjoloba inobubanzi obusebenzayo obungu-4.6 ft (1.4m) ububanzi bokusebenza, futhi itholakala phakathi kuka-US$ 4,500 no-US$ 5,200 iyunithi ngayinye. Ireki kanye neheda ziphakela utshani obunqunyiwe bukhuphukele kumshini wokuyisa kumshini wokubhula, bese ukuhlanza okudlidlizayo kuhlukanise okusanhlamvu. Amathrekhi ayo enjoloba aphatha kahle amasimu amanzi nanodaka, futhi umshini ulungele irayisi, ubhontshisi wesoya nezilimo zikakolweni.

Lokhu umvuni werayisi omncane inobubanzi obusebenzayo obungu-3.9 ft (1.2m) futhi inenani eliphakathi kuka-US$4,580 no-US$ 4,880. Inamathrekhi enjoloba okusebenza kalula kwe-paddy emanzi, isihlalo esincane sokulawula, futhi isivuni sivuna, sibhule, sihlanze futhi sihlukanise okusanhlamvu.

Abavuni irayisi abancane kuya kwabamaphakathi

Njengoba usayizi wesivuni ukhula kukho kokubili amandla kanye nobubanzi bokusebenza, abavuni irayisi hlinzeka ngokusebenza okugcwele kokuvuna okuhlangene kokuvuna, ukubhula, ukuhlanza nokwela. Yebo, njengoba umthamo wokuvuna ukhuphuka, kanjalo nentengo. Amanye alawa mamodeli afakelwe amathrekhi enjoloba, kodwa amanye angamamodeli anamasondo aphelele.

Lokhu Isivuni selayisi saseJapan iKubota inobubanzi bokusebenza obungu-2m namandla amakhulu angu-120 hp. Inamathrekhi enjoloba okusebenza kwendawo emanzi futhi ikhangiswa njengelungele irayisi nokolweni. Inikeza isilinda esikhulu sokubhula kanye nezendlalelo ezintathu zesikrini esidlidlizayo ukuze sihlanzwe. Amanani asukela ku-US$ 10,500 kuya ku-US$ 11,500.

Lokhu umvuni werayisi inamandla engeziwe ku-52-76 hp kanye nobubanzi bokusebenza obubanzi obungu-7.2 ft (2.2m). Inamathrekhi enjoloba okunyakaza kalula kuwo wonke amaphedi amanzi kanye nezici zokuvuna ezihlanganisiwe. Ine-hopper yokulayisha yokusanhlamvu kwerayisi ehlukanisiwe ukuze kulayishwe emotweni yokuthutha esekelayo. Le modeli itholakala phakathi kuka-US$24,025 kanye no-US$ 24,425 kuye ngenani lamayunithi a-odiwe.

Le nguqulo ye-a irayisi nokolweni kuhlanganisa umvuni ikhiqiza i-88 hp, inobubanzi bokusebenza obungu-6.6 ft (2m), kanye nethangi lokusanhlamvu elingu-1400 litre. Lesi isivuni esinamasondo futhi sitholakala phakathi kuka-US$ 14,500 kanye no-US$ 15,800.

Lokhu umvuni werayisi inobubanzi bokusebenza obungu-9.3 ft (2.84m) namandla amakhulu angu-190 hp. Inomsebenzi wokuvuna ophelele wokuhlanganisa irayisi, ukolweni nobhontshisi wesoya. Inesisekelo esinamasondo futhi izoba nokudonsa okungcono kakhulu kumaphedi omile nasezinkundleni. Amanani asukela ku-US$27,800 kuya ku-US$29,800.

Abavuni irayisi abakhulu

E-US nakwamanye amazwe athuthukile nathuthukile, ukutshala nokuvuna irayisi kubukeka kuhluke kakhulu kweningi lase-Asia. Nakuba indlela yokutshala irayisi iyafana, isikali sihluke ngokuphawulekayo, imishini yokuvuna zinkulu, nezindlela zobuchwepheshe eziphakeme ziyasetshenziswa.

The umvuni onamasondo okuboniswe lapha kanzima emsebenzini wokuvuna kunobubanzi bokusebenza obungu-10.4 ft (3.2m) futhi kungasetshenziselwa irayisi noma ukolweni. Njengamanye amamodeli alo sayizi ifika nekhabethe lokusebenza elinethezekile elibanzi kanye nezici zokuvuna ezihlanganisiwe, isitolo sokusanhlamvu esibanzi kanye ne-hopper. Le modeli itholakala nge-US$ 10,000.

Lokhu usayizi omkhulu werayisi wokuvuna iyimodeli enamasondo, kodwa inamathrekhi erabha anamathiselekayo okuvuna insimu emanzi. Inamandla amakhulu okukhipha angu-450 hp futhi ingakwazi ukuphatha irayisi nezinye izitshalo. Iphinde ibe nesinamathiselo sangemuva ongasikhetha sokusika nokusabalalisa utshani.

Njengomshini omkhulu, iphuma nekhebhu yomshayeli evalekile entofontofo, enombono obanzi, futhi ifakwe kokubili ukushisa nomoya. Lena enye yamamodeli athuthuke kakhulu futhi inamamonitha e-GPS, ukulahlekelwa okusanhlamvu, okuqukethwe umswakama kanye nesivuno. Lesi sivuni sitholakala nge-US $ 8,599.

Yini okufanele uyicabangele lapho ukhetha umshini wokuvuna irayisi

Lapho ucabangela ukuthi yisiphi isivuni serayisi esifanele ukusithenga, kunezici ezimbalwa ezibalulekile okufanele uzikhumbule.

Usayizi nesisindo

Ukucatshangelwa kokuqala indawo kanye nosayizi we-rice paddy. Ezindaweni eziningi ezinamagquma, amadlelo ngokwawo mancane kakhulu njengoba ejikijelwe emhlabeni, kodwa futhi avame ukuba nokufinyelela okulinganiselwe, mhlawumbe kunqunyelwe ezindleleni noma kumathrekhi amancane. Kulawa maphedi, ubukhulu nesisindo somshini yizici ezinkulu kakhulu, futhi imishini emikhulu yokusebenza kungenzeka kube abavuni abancane abahamba bebuyela emuva.

Emaphedi amakhulu anokufinyelela emgwaqeni, ukukhetha kungahluka kakhulu, ngoba ukufinyelela akusewona ukucatshangelwa okukhawulayo. Amasimu amancane azofuna ukucabangela abavuni berayisi abancane, abakhulu ngokwanele futhi abanamandla ngokwanele ukuvuna i-paddy, kodwa bancane futhi abahambahambayo ngokwanele ukuba bahambe phakathi kwamasimu e-paddy.

Emapulazini amakhulu erayisi athengiswayo, ane-acreage enkulu ebanzi futhi eyisicaba, irayisi enkulu kanye nezivuni ezihlanganisiwe kuyisinqumo esihle.

Ububanzi besihloko

Inani lesivuno serayisi umvuni angasisika ngephasi ngayinye linqunywa ububanzi bokusebenza besihloko. Ubukhulu be-paddy, kanye nesakhiwo sesitshalo serayisi, sinquma umthamo wokuvuna kanye nobubanzi besihloko. Unhlokweni owumngcingo ungase ulungele kangcono i-paddy encane, kodwa futhi usho ukudlula okuningi phezulu naphansi endaweni ye-paddy. Unhlokweni obanzi uphatha izitshalo eziningi ngephasi eyodwa, ngakho-ke kungenzeka ukuthi usebenze kahle kakhulu ezinsimini ezinkulu ze-paddy ezibanzi.

Amasondo vs. ithrekhi yerabha

Amasimu erayisi avamise ukumunywa amanzi ngaphambi kokuvunwa, kodwa asengagcina amanzi amaningi futhi umhlabathi ungase uthambe kakhulu uma kufika isikhathi sokuvuna. Izivuni ezinamasondo azihlanganisi kabanzi nomhlabathi futhi zijwayele ukucwila emhlabathini othambile we-paddy, okwenza ukuvuna okubushelelezi kuphuze futhi kube nzima. Kodwa-ke, uma umhlabathi wome ngokuphelele, izinguqulo ezinamasondo kulula ukuziqondisa nokuhambahamba. Ngokuphambene, izivuni ezilandelwa ngenjoloba engunxantathu zisakaza isisindo kuwo wonke amathrekhi futhi azishoni kude, zigcina ukuhamba kanye nesivinini sokuvuna. Ngakho-ke, cabangela ngokucophelela isimo sezulu esingenzeka kanye nezindawo zomhlabathi, bese ukhetha ngokufanele. Uma isivuni sinamathrekhi namasondo ashintshashintshayo, lokho kungase kunikeze ukuguquguquka okungcono kakhulu.

Amandla okuvuna

Amandla enjini anquma amandla okusika kanhlokweni, aqhuba imisebenzi yokubhula nokuhlanza, futhi anike amandla noma yimiphi imisebenzi eyengeziwe njengokusika nokusabalalisa. Umvuni kufanele akwazi ukukhiqiza amandla anele ayo yonke imisebenzi, ngakho hlola amandla amahhashi alinganisiwe, ikakhulukazi kubavuni abancane.

Imihlahlandlela ebanzi yezidingo zamandla omshini wokuvuna irayisi izohluka ngosayizi womshini, izivuni ezincane zikhiqiza phakathi kuka-10 kuya ku-30 ​​Hp, futhi amamodeli amakhulu kunawo wonke ukusuka ku-100 Hp kuya phezulu. Amandla ehhashi engeziwe azokwenza umsebenzi wenziwe, kodwa amandla amaningi azomosha uphethiloli futhi andise izindleko. Phakathi kwezinhlobo ezinamandla kakhulu zenjini kadizili kukhona iKubota neCummins, nakuba zikhona futhi izinguqulo ezinamandla zenjini kagesi etholakalayo kubavuni abancane abakhiqiza ngaphezulu kuka-66 Kw / 88 Hp.

Isabelomali, ukusebenza kanye nobuchwepheshe

Imishini emincane ingathengwa ngemali eshibhile, kanti encane ayinazo izici zokuvuna ezihlanganisayo. Izivuni ezincane ziyinketho enhle yamapulazi erayisi amancane, njengoba ngokuvamile zisebenza ngokugcwele ngokuhlanganisa ukuvuna futhi ziza ngentengo ephansi, kodwa cishe ngeke zize nanoma yiziphi izici zobuchwepheshe obuphezulu. Amamodeli amakhulu namabhrendi aphezulu afika ne-investimenti enkulu, kodwa eziningi zazo zihlanganisa izinhlelo zobuchwepheshe ezithuthukisiwe, ezihlanganisa amasistimu e-GPS, ukukala isivuno, kanye nokulungiswa kwesivinini sokubhula.

Imicabango yokugcina

Kunenqwaba yezinto zokuvuna ezitholakalayo ezihloselwe ukusetshenziswa emasimini elayisi. Eziningi zalezi zinhlobo ziyakwazi ukuphatha ukolweni nezinye izitshalo. Abalimi abaningi kulo lonke elase-Asia bangase bathande ukunamathela ekuvuneni umsebenzi wezandla, kodwa kulabo abafuna usizo lwemishini kukhona kokubili amamodeli alula futhi athuthuke kakhulu.

Emaphethelweni aphansi kukhona abavuni abahamba ngezinyawo abahamba kancane abenza okungaphezu kokusika, kodwa kusukela lapho abavuni abaningi banikeza umsebenzi wokuvuna ophelele. Le misebenzi ihlanganisa ukuvuna, ukubhula, ukuhlanza nokwela. Abanye bangakwazi futhi ukwengeza ukusika nokusabalalisa utshani obungafunwa.

Ukuvunwa kwelayisi kuvame ukuba manzi futhi inhlabathi ithambe, futhi izivuni eziningi eziqondene nerayisi zifakelwe amathrekhi enjoloba ukuze zikwazi ukuhamba kalula futhi zingacwili. Futhi, lapho utshani berayisi buvunwa bumanzi khona-ke okusanhlamvu kwerayisi kungase kudingeke ukuba kugcinwe futhi komiswe ngaphambi kokugaya ukuze kuhlukanise ikhoba.

Kulowo ongase abe umthengi, kunenqwaba yokuzikhethela kanye nohlu lwezivuni olutholakalayo ukuze lulingane nezitshalo, ukusebenza kanye nesabelomali. Ukuze uthole ukwaziswa okwengeziwe, bheka i-showroom eku-inthanethi ku- Chovm.com.